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Lancet (London, England) Feb 1984
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 6141432
DOI: No ID Found -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Jun 1999
Topics: Aged; Arcus Senilis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Risk Factors
PubMed: 10412362
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2015The corneal arcus consists of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. As serum triglyceride is one of the accurate of lipid metabolic state, greater importance was...
The corneal arcus consists of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. As serum triglyceride is one of the accurate of lipid metabolic state, greater importance was given, and it was found to be elevated in 72% of patients and a positive correlation with increasing age. This suggests a strong correlation between impairment of lipid metabolism and incidence of corneal arcus.
PubMed: 26015693
DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155765 -
Lancet (London, England) Aug 1977
Topics: Alcoholism; Arcus Senilis; Eye Diseases; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia
PubMed: 70669
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)90641-9 -
European Heart Journal Aug 2014Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare life-threatening condition characterized by markedly elevated circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein...
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: new insights and guidance for clinicians to improve detection and clinical management. A position paper from the Consensus Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolaemia of the European Atherosclerosis Society.
AIMS
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare life-threatening condition characterized by markedly elevated circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and accelerated, premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Given recent insights into the heterogeneity of genetic defects and clinical phenotype of HoFH, and the availability of new therapeutic options, this Consensus Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolaemia of the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) critically reviewed available data with the aim of providing clinical guidance for the recognition and management of HoFH.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Early diagnosis of HoFH and prompt initiation of diet and lipid-lowering therapy are critical. Genetic testing may provide a definitive diagnosis, but if unavailable, markedly elevated LDL-C levels together with cutaneous or tendon xanthomas before 10 years, or untreated elevated LDL-C levels consistent with heterozygous FH in both parents, are suggestive of HoFH. We recommend that patients with suspected HoFH are promptly referred to specialist centres for a comprehensive ACVD evaluation and clinical management. Lifestyle intervention and maximal statin therapy are the mainstays of treatment, ideally started in the first year of life or at an initial diagnosis, often with ezetimibe and other lipid-modifying therapy. As patients rarely achieve LDL-C targets, adjunctive lipoprotein apheresis is recommended where available, preferably started by age 5 and no later than 8 years. The number of therapeutic approaches has increased following approval of lomitapide and mipomersen for HoFH. Given the severity of ACVD, we recommend regular follow-up, including Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the heart and aorta annually, stress testing and, if available, computed tomography coronary angiography every 5 years, or less if deemed necessary.
CONCLUSION
This EAS Consensus Panel highlights the need for early identification of HoFH patients, prompt referral to specialized centres, and early initiation of appropriate treatment. These recommendations offer guidance for a wide spectrum of clinicians who are often the first to identify patients with suspected HoFH.
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Arcus Senilis; Atherosclerosis; Blood Component Removal; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diagnosis, Differential; Early Diagnosis; Gene Frequency; Genetic Heterogeneity; Homozygote; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Liver Transplantation; Mutation; Pedigree; Phenotype; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 25053660
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu274 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 1967
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Cornea; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Myopia
PubMed: 6022253
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(67)91312-8 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology May 2000To estimate the prevalence of arcus senilis and its association with mortality in a diabetic population.
PURPOSE
To estimate the prevalence of arcus senilis and its association with mortality in a diabetic population.
METHODS
A cohort of persons with younger (n = 996) and older onset (n = 1,370) diabetes was examined. Mortality information was obtained from death certificates.
RESULTS
Prevalence of arcus senilis increased with age and was higher in men than in women. In the younger onset group, it was also associated with a history of cardiovascular disease. As a risk factor for mortality after controlling for age and sex, arcus senilis was not associated with death from all causes, ischemic heart disease, or stroke.
CONCLUSION
Arcus senilis provides no more information about mortality risk than age of the person.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arcus Senilis; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Wisconsin
PubMed: 10844069
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00362-7 -
Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology Aug 2004Pseudogerontoxon is a lesion that resembles a small segment of arcus senilis or gerontoxon and is seen in many individuals with limbal vernal or atopic...
Pseudogerontoxon is a lesion that resembles a small segment of arcus senilis or gerontoxon and is seen in many individuals with limbal vernal or atopic keratoconjunctivitis. It is an important clinical finding because pseudogerontoxon is often times the only clinical evidence of previous allergic eye disease. To the authors' knowledge, pseudogerontoxon has only rarely been mentioned, and has never been pictured, in the peer-reviewed literature. Three examples are presented of this important clinical entity.
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; Female; Humans; Limbus Corneae; Male
PubMed: 15281982
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2004.00849.x -
Acta Ophthalmologica 1955
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Disease; Ethnicity; Humans
PubMed: 13301643
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1955.tb03335.x -
The New England Journal of Medicine Feb 1950
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Blood; Cholesterol; Cornea; Humans; Inuit
PubMed: 15406082
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM195002232420804