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Acta Ophthalmologica. Supplementum 1954
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Blood; Blood Proteins; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Disease; Humans; Lipoproteins
PubMed: 13227974
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2021We aimed to determine the prevalence of corneal arcus and to identify associated factors in the general population of Germany. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
We aimed to determine the prevalence of corneal arcus and to identify associated factors in the general population of Germany.
METHODS
The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based cohort study in Germany, which includes an ophthalmological assessment. Refraction, distance-corrected visual acuity, non-contact tonometry and anterior segment imaging were performed for the five-year follow-up examination. Anterior segment photographs were graded for the presence of corneal arcus. Prevalence estimates were computed, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associated factors for corneal arcus including sex, age, spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), socio-economic status, smoking, BMI, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, HbA1c, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, and lipid modifying agents.
RESULTS
A total of 9,850 right and 9,745 left eyes of 9,858 subjects (59.2±10.8 years), 49.0% females were included in this cross-sectional analysis. 21.1% of men (95%-CI: 20.0%- 22.3%) had a corneal arcus in at least one eye, and 16.9% (95%-CI: 15.9%- 18.0%) of women. In multivariable analyses, the presence of corneal arcus was associated with male gender (OR = 0.54 for female, p<0.0001), higher age (OR = 2.54 per decade, p<0.0001), smoking (OR = 1.59, p<0.0001), hyperopia (OR = 1.05 per diopter, p<0.0001), thinner cornea (OR = 0.994 per μm, p<0.0001), higher IOP (OR = 1.02, p = 0.039), higher HDL-C-level (OR = 2.13, p<0.0001), higher LDL-C-level (OR = 1.21, p<0.0001), and intake of lipid modifying agents (OR = 1.26, p = 0.0001). Arcus was not associated with socio-economic status, BMI, arterial blood pressure, and HbA1c.
CONCLUSIONS
Corneal arcus is a frequent alteration of the cornea in Germany and is associated with ocular parameters and systemic parameters of dyslipidemia.
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Cornea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Germany; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 34547023
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255893 -
The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical... Dec 2001
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Arteriosclerosis; Cornea; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 11774875
DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2001.120633 -
Acta Ophthalmologica 1962
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Humans; Ophthalmology; Pinguecula; Pterygium
PubMed: 13958798
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1962.tb02388.x -
BMC Ophthalmology Aug 2022To determine the age and sex-standardized prevalence of corneal arcus and its associated factors in a geriatric population.
PURPOSE
To determine the age and sex-standardized prevalence of corneal arcus and its associated factors in a geriatric population.
METHODS
This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in Tehran; the capital of Iran, using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. All participants underwent a detailed interview, blood pressure measurement, laboratory blood tests, and a complete ocular examination.
RESULTS
Three thousand three hundred ten of 3791 invitees participated in the study (response rate: 87.31%). The mean age of the participants was 69.35 ± 7.62 years (60-97 years) and 1912 (57.76%) were female. Overall, the age and sex-standardized prevalence (95% CI) of corneal arcus was 44.28% (41.21-47.39). Based on the multiple logistic regression, the odds of corneal arcus were higher in men than in women (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.14-2.00); in the age group ≥ 80 years compared to the age group 60-64 years (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.68-3.53), and in retired people compared to employed individuals (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.31-3.21).
CONCLUSION
The present study showed a high prevalence of corneal arcus in the geriatric population. Although various studies have reported a significant relationship between corneal arcus with blood lipid and glucose levels as well as blood pressure, these relationships were not found in the present study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arcus Senilis; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence
PubMed: 36045353
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02578-6 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology Mar 2017The Hypertension Community has 3 conflicting dilemmas: a goal systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg or less (the SPRINT Trials), 40% of our 60,000,000 hypertensives still... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The Hypertension Community has 3 conflicting dilemmas: a goal systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg or less (the SPRINT Trials), 40% of our 60,000,000 hypertensives still sustain blood pressures above 140/90 mm Hg, and our most potent antihypertensive drug minoxidil sits on the sidelines, imprisoned in the Food and Drug Administration's Black Box designation. My solutions to these dilemmas are: (1) review of the facts of our most potent antihypertensive drug minoxidil which is essentially free of toxicity, (2) treatment focus on the fundamental cause of high blood pressure, that is excess dietary sodium and, (3) prevention of, and/or reversal of, the fundamental mechanism of worsening hypertension, arteriolar hypertrophy.
SUMMARY
The Hypertension Community has 3 conflicting dilemmas: a goal systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg or less (the SPRINT Trials), 40% of our 60,000,000 hypertensives still sustain blood pressures above 140/90 mm Hg, and our most potent antihypertensive drug minoxidil sits on the sidelines, imprisoned in the Food and Drug Administration's Black Box designation. My solutions to these dilemmas are: (1) review of the facts of our most potent antihypertensive drug minoxidil which is essentially free of toxicity, (2) treatment focus on the fundamental cause of high blood pressure (HBP) and excess dietary sodium and, (3) prevention of, and/or reversal of, the fundamental mechanism of worsening hypertension, arteriolar hypertrophy. My focus at UT Southwestern in Dallas was on extremely severely hypertensive patients with a quantifiable, measurable complication of HBP, progression of nephrosclerotic damage to kidneys. This model had the greatest likelihood of exposing fundamental disregulatory mechanisms in hypertensive patients (which it did) and the potential for study of the most relevant antihypertensive drug interactions to achieve optimal blood pressure control (which it did). By maintaining diastolic pressures at 80 mm Hg or less in the first National Institutes of Health-supported, long-term randomized clinical trial to save the kidneys, the bases for a fundamental blood pressure support mechanism (arteriolar hypertrophy) was illuminated but not fully described until now. This fundamental hypertensinogenic mechanism results from HBP but with time and severity, becomes its own raison d'être. I am now aged 84 years. As a result of a stroke 20 years ago, which caused permanent double vision, and because of poor blood pressure control with triple therapy, I started using minoxidil 5 mg/d along with atenolol and occasional furosemide. Now, along with some dietary salt restriction, my resting blood pressure is 110/65-125/75 and, despite >30 years history of HBP, I have no retinal arteriolar hypertrophy nor arcus senilis (Dr. Schwartz-U. of Miami) which is almost universally present at this age. Yes, prevention of, or reversal of, arteriolar hypertrophy should be a central focus of HBP treatment. I simply wish to share a bit of accumulated wisdom that might be of use to others.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Minoxidil; Sodium Chloride, Dietary
PubMed: 28267687
DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000458 -
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago,... Sep 1966
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arcus Senilis; Child; Cholesterol; Chromatography, Gas; Cornea; Fatty Acids; Glycerides; Humans; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Triglycerides
PubMed: 5946113
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1966.03850010405020 -
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago,... Jul 1973
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Atrophy; Biopsy; Calcinosis; Cataract; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Eye Manifestations; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Werner Syndrome
PubMed: 4714797
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1973.01000050055011 -
Annales de Chirurgie de La Main Et Du... 1992Because of the frequent presence of corneal arcus senilis in patients affected by Dupuytren's disease in order to evaluate this association, the authors conducted a...
Because of the frequent presence of corneal arcus senilis in patients affected by Dupuytren's disease in order to evaluate this association, the authors conducted a biomicroscopic examination of the cornea in 336 patients treated surgically for Dupuytren's disease, at the Hand Surgery Unit of the University of Modena from November 1985 to December 1989. They observed corneal arcus senilis in 259 patients, i.e. in 77.1% of patients with Dupuytren's disease. Due to the statistically significant correlation between arcus senilis and hyperlipidemia as reported by Tschetter (1980) and Felder (1981), the Authors collected a blood sample from all 336 patients to evaluate serum cholesterol and tryglicerides. This study revealed a dyslipidemia in 54.8% of patients with Dupuytren's disease and in 60.2% of patients suffering from both Dupuytren's disease and arcus senilis. Because of the high frequency of dislipidemia in patients with Dupuytren's disease and arcus senilis, which are apparently two well-distinguished disease, the authors suggest that a lipid disorder may be a common aetiopathogenic factor. In particular, in favour of the possible role of hyperlipidemia in Dupuytren's disease, Electron Microscope Studies revealed lipid inclusions within fibroblasts and in the extracellular connective tissue of all pathologic palmar aponeurosis from 11 patients with Dupuytren's disease: these lipid inclusions were never seen in the normal aponeurosis taken from 5 control patients treated for traumatic palmar injuries.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arcus Senilis; Biopsy; Dupuytren Contracture; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Italy; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Risk Factors
PubMed: 1280972
DOI: 10.1016/s0753-9053(05)80479-x -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 2011To examine the association of corneal arcus to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in an adult, ethnic Indian population.
PURPOSE
To examine the association of corneal arcus to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in an adult, ethnic Indian population.
DESIGN
Population-based cross-sectional study.
METHODS
Population-based study of ethnic South Asian Indians 40 to 80 years of age in Singapore from June 2007 through March 2009. We obtained a 75.5% response rate (3397/4497). All participants underwent standardized interview and systemic and ocular examinations, followed by nonfasting blood sampling. Corneal arcus was detected using a standardized slit-lamp examination. The main outcome measure was CVD, defined from a self-reported history of previous myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke.
RESULTS
Corneal arcus, found in 1701 (50.1%) of 3397 participants, was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 3.07; 95% CI, 2.78 to 3.40; P < .001), male gender (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.81 to 2.62; P < .001), higher levels of total cholesterol (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.24; P = .002), hypertension (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.24; P = .013), and cigarette smoking (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.03; P < .001). Corneal arcus was associated with CVD (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.7; P = .0038) independent of the above-named cardiovascular risk factors. Participants with low-risk Framingham scores were more likely to be associated with CVD if they had corneal arcus (men: OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.40; P = .008; women: OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.36 to 3.01; P < .001). Corneal arcus was associated with CVD independent of the Framingham score (men: Akaike information criterion, 1524.39 for Framingham Score and corneal arcus vs 1527.38 for Framingham Score alone; women: 1000.14 vs 1003.54, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Corneal arcus is associated with CVD, independent of risk factors in ethnic Indian adults, even in those at low risk for vascular disease.
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; India; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Singapore; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 21742308
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.04.014