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Journal of the American Optometric... Aug 1980The optometrist observes and must distinguish between physiologic and pathologic changes in the cornea. This paper deals with normal, physiologic age-related corneal...
The optometrist observes and must distinguish between physiologic and pathologic changes in the cornea. This paper deals with normal, physiologic age-related corneal changes. Age-related changes are those that occur over the entire life span, not merely in senescence. They include changes in corneal curvature, toricity, diameter, asphericity, thickness, tactile sensitivity, and a variety of senescent changes. The senescent changes of the cornea include a reduction in epithelial luster, dellen, microcystic dystrophy, the Hudson-Stahli line, crocodile shagreen, the white limbus girdle of Vogt, an increase in stromal relucency, cornea farinata, arcus senilis, Hassall-Henle warts, guttata, a reduction in endothelial cell count and Krukenberg's spindle.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Arcus Senilis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary; Eye Diseases; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Touch
PubMed: 6969271
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Pediatrics Mar 2014
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Male
PubMed: 24314439
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.10.045 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Dec 2011To investigate the prevalence of corneal arcus and its associations.
PURPOSE
To investigate the prevalence of corneal arcus and its associations.
METHODS
The Central India Eye and Medical Study was a population-based study performed in rural Central India on 4711 subjects (age, 30+ years). Corneal arcus was assessed in corneal photographs.
RESULTS
The study included 952 randomly selected participants. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.8 ± 3.6 kg/m(2), with 786 (41.3%) subjects being underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)). Corneal arcus of any degree was detected in 102 (10.7% ± 1.0%; 95% CI, 8.8-12.7) subjects. Corneal arcus was significantly associated with increasing age (P < 0.001). It was not significantly (all P > 0.10) associated with serum concentrations of high-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin; with prevalence of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus; with body height, weight, and BMI; or with level of education, daily activities, nutrition, alcohol consumption, smoking, and blood pressure. In an intereye comparison, corneal arcus was significantly more marked in the eye with lower intraocular pressure (P = 0.006), thinner central cornea (P = 0.005), and more hyperopic refractive error (P = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
In this adult rural Central Indian population with low mean BMI, the prevalence of corneal arcus was 10.7% ± 1.0%. The only systemic parameter associated with corneal arcus was increasing age (P < 0.001). Corneal arcus was not associated with dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, alcohol consumption, or smoking. In this population with low BMI, corneal arcus was not a clinical biomarker for major metabolic disorders. The intereye associations between corneal arcus and low intraocular pressure, thin central cornea, and hyperopia may be of importance in the ophthalmic examination.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Arcus Senilis; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; India; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Photography; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Rural Population
PubMed: 22110074
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8404 -
Acta Ophthalmologica 1958
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Disease; Humans
PubMed: 13532613
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1958.tb02257.x -
Beitrage Zur Gerichtlichen Medizin 1986
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arcus Senilis; Cornea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 3490255
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Cardiology Jan 2009Corneal arcus is a lipid-rich deposit at the corneoscleral limbus that shares some similarities with the lipid deposition of atherosclerosis. Epidemiologic studies... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Corneal arcus is a lipid-rich deposit at the corneoscleral limbus that shares some similarities with the lipid deposition of atherosclerosis. Epidemiologic studies examining the association between corneal arcus and coronary artery disease (CAD) have yielded mixed results. This study was conducted to determine if corneal arcus is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CAD. A prospective analysis was performed using Cox proportional-hazards regression models in the Framingham Heart Study Original Cohort and Offspring Cohort database. This cohort included 23,376 patient-examinations, during 3,890 (17%) of which corneal arcus was identified. Corneal arcus was a predictor of CVD and CAD at 4 years (hazard ratios [HRs] 2.28 and 1.99, respectively) and 8 years (HRs 2.52 and 2.35, respectively) of follow-up (p <0.0001 for all). Corneal arcus was no longer predictive of either CVD or CAD, however, after adjustment for age and gender at 4 years (HRs 1.07 and 1.01, respectively) and 8 years (HRs 1.18 and 1.17, respectively) of follow-up (p >0.05 for all). In conclusion, corneal arcus predicted CVD and CAD in the community-based Framingham Heart Study cohort because of the strong association of corneal arcus with increasing age. To date, this is the largest and lengthiest population-based cohort study examining the direct association between corneal arcus and CVD and CAD.
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Cholesterol; Coronary Artery Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Limbus Corneae; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 19101231
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.030 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine... May 2024Three physical signs, namely tendon xanthomas, corneal arcus and xanthelasma, have been associated with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH). The prevalence...
AIMS
Three physical signs, namely tendon xanthomas, corneal arcus and xanthelasma, have been associated with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH). The prevalence and clinical significance of these signs are not well established among contemporary heFH individuals. This study explored the frequency as well as the association of these physical signs with prevalent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in heFH individuals.
METHODS
Data from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry were applied for this analysis. The diagnosis of heFH was based on the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of heFH-related physical signs with prevalent ASCVD.
RESULTS
Adult patients ( n = 2156, mean age 50 ± 15 years, 47.7% women) were included in this analysis. Among them, 14.5% had at least one heFH-related physical sign present. The prevalence of corneal arcus before the age of 45 years was 6.6%, tendon xanthomas 5.3%, and xanthelasmas 5.8%. Among physical signs, only the presence of corneal arcus before the age of 45 years was independently associated with the presence of premature coronary artery disease (CAD). No association of any physical sign with total CAD, stroke or peripheral artery disease was found. Patients with physical signs were more likely to receive higher intensity statin therapy and dual lipid-lowering therapy, but only a minority reached optimal lipid targets.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of physical signs is relatively low in contemporary heFH patients. The presence of corneal arcus before the age of 45 years is independently associated with premature CAD.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Male; Cardiovascular Diseases; Arcus Senilis; Heterozygote; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Atherosclerosis; Hypercholesterolemia; Coronary Artery Disease; Lipids; Registries; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 38526957
DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000001612 -
Journal of the American Optometric... Jul 1985Corneal arcus senilis has long implied cardiovascular disease because of its association with altered lipid levels. This study demonstrates that arcus senilis does not... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Corneal arcus senilis has long implied cardiovascular disease because of its association with altered lipid levels. This study demonstrates that arcus senilis does not have a higher prevalence rate in diabetics than non-diabetics in spite of the increased cardiovascular risk in insulin-dependent diabetics.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alabama; Arcus Senilis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Eye Diseases; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Urban Population; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 4020009
DOI: No ID Found -
[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese... Jul 1982
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Arcus Senilis; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 6816548
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago,... Nov 2010To examine the association of corneal arcus with central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the association of corneal arcus with central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma.
METHODS
This was a population-based cross-sectional study of Malay participants aged 40 to 80 years living in Singapore. Participants underwent a standardized interview and systemic and ocular examinations, including CCT, IOP, and corneal curvature radius measurements. Corneal arcus, assessed using a slitlamp, was defined as gray-white or yellow opacity located near the periphery of the cornea but separated from the limbus by a clear zone.
RESULTS
Corneal arcus was found in right eyes among 1747 (57.9%) of 3015 participants. After adjusting for age, sex, and systemic factors, IOP was higher (15.87 vs 14.86 mm Hg, P < .001) and CCT was thinner (540.6 vs 543.4 μm, P = .03) in eyes with vs without corneal arcus. In multiple linear regression models, eyes with corneal arcus had on average 1.14 mm Hg higher IOP than eyes without corneal arcus. In the presence of corneal arcus, the linear correlations of CCT × IOP and of corneal curvature radius × IOP were altered. The prevalence of ocular hypertension, but not primary open-angle glaucoma, was significantly higher among participants with corneal arcus than among participants without corneal arcus (P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS
Corneal arcus was associated with higher IOP and lower CCT independent of age, sex, and systemic and ocular factors. Further research is required to investigate the clinical implications of these findings for IOP assessment in eyes with corneal arcus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arcus Senilis; Asian People; Cornea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypertension; Prevalence; Singapore; Tonometry, Ocular; Visual Fields
PubMed: 21060048
DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.252