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Current Topics in Microbiology and... 2002
Review
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arenaviridae Infections; Arenavirus; Guinea Pigs; L Cells; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Rats; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 11987805
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56029-3_7 -
Current Topics in Microbiology and... 1987
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Arenaviridae; Base Sequence; Genes, Viral; RNA; RNA, Viral; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Species Specificity; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 2435460
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71683-6_2 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024Several mammarenaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) disease in humans and pose a significant public health problem in their endemic regions. The Old World (OW)...
Several mammarenaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) disease in humans and pose a significant public health problem in their endemic regions. The Old World (OW) mammarenavirus Lassa virus (LASV) is estimated to infect several hundred thousand people yearly in West Africa, resulting in high numbers of Lassa fever (LF) cases, a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. No licensed vaccines are available to combat LASV infection, and anti-LASV drug therapy is limited to the off-label use of ribavirin whose efficacy remains controversial. The development of reverse genetics approaches has provided investigators with a powerful approach for the investigation of the molecular, cell biology and pathogenesis of mammarenaviruses. The use of cell-based minigenome systems has allowed examining the cis- and trans-acting factors involved in viral genome replication and gene transcription, assembly, and budding, which has facilitated the identification of several anti-mammarenavirus candidate drugs. Likewise, it is possible now to rescue infectious recombinant mammarenaviruses from cloned cDNAs containing predetermined mutations in their genomes to investigate virus-host interactions and mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. Reverse genetics have also allowed the generation of mammarenaviruses expressing foreign genes to facilitate virus detection, to identify antiviral drugs, and to generate live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates. Likewise, reverse genetics techniques have allowed the generation of single-cycle infectious, reporter-expressing mammarenaviruses to study some aspects of the biology of HF-causing human mammarenavirus without the need of high security biocontainment laboratories. In this chapter, we describe the experimental procedures to generate recombinant (r)LASV using state-of-the-art plasmid-based reverse genetics.
Topics: Humans; Lassa virus; Reverse Genetics; Arenaviridae; Lassa Fever; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral; Plasmids
PubMed: 38064030
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3533-9_8 -
Current Topics in Microbiology and... 2002
Review
Topics: Animals; Arenaviridae Infections; Arenavirus; Cell Line; Genome, Viral; Humans; RNA, Viral; Transcription, Genetic; Virus Replication
PubMed: 11987804
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56029-3_6 -
Cells Nov 2020Mammarenaviruses are a diverse genus of emerging viruses that include several causative agents of severe viral hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality in humans. Although...
Mammarenaviruses are a diverse genus of emerging viruses that include several causative agents of severe viral hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality in humans. Although these viruses share many similarities, important differences with regard to pathogenicity, type of immune response, and molecular mechanisms during virus infection are different between and within New World and Old World viral infections. Viruses rely exclusively on the host cellular machinery to translate their genome, and therefore to replicate and propagate. miRNAs are the crucial factor in diverse biological processes such as antiviral defense, oncogenesis, and cell development. The viral infection can exert a profound impact on the cellular miRNA expression profile, and numerous RNA viruses have been reported to interact directly with cellular miRNAs and/or to use these miRNAs to augment their replication potential. Our present study indicates that mammarenavirus infection induces metabolic reprogramming of host cells, probably manipulating cellular microRNAs. A number of metabolic pathways, including valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, d-Glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, thiamine metabolism, and pools of several amino acids were impacted by the predicted miRNAs that would no longer regulate these pathways. A deeper understanding of mechanisms by which mammarenaviruses handle these signaling pathways is critical for understanding the virus/host interactions and potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets, through the inhibition of specific pathologic metabolic pathways.
Topics: Animals; Arenaviridae; Cellular Microenvironment; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 33238430
DOI: 10.3390/cells9112525 -
The Journal of General Virology Nov 1980
Review
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Arenaviridae; Arenaviridae Infections; Cell Line; Humans; RNA, Viral; Viral Proteins; Viral Vaccines; Virus Replication
PubMed: 6257829
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-1-1 -
Current Topics in Microbiology and... 1985
Review
Topics: Arenaviridae; Capsid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Defective Viruses; Lipid Metabolism; Morphogenesis; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Viral; Ribosomes; Transcription, Genetic; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 3888541
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-70227-3_4 -
Antiviral Research Oct 2019Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) cause thousands of fatalities every year, but the treatment options for their management remain very limited. In particular, the... (Review)
Review
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) cause thousands of fatalities every year, but the treatment options for their management remain very limited. In particular, the development of therapeutic interventions is restricted by the lack of commercial viability of drugs targeting individual VHF agents. This makes approaches like drug repurposing and/or the identification of broad range therapies (i.e. those directed at host responses or common proviral factors) highly attractive. However, the identification of candidates for such antiviral repurposing or of host factors/pathways important for the virus life cycle is reliant on high-throughput screening (HTS). Recently, such screening work has been increasingly facilitated by the availability of reverse genetics-based approaches, including tools such as full-length clone (FLC) systems to generate reporter-expressing viruses or various life cycle modelling (LCM) systems, many of which have been developed and/or greatly improved during the last years. In particular, since LCM systems are capable of modelling specific steps in the life cycle, they are a valuable tool for both targeted screening (i.e. for inhibitors of a specific pathway) and mechanism of action studies. This review seeks to summarize the currently available reverse genetics systems for negative-sense VHF causing viruses (i.e. arenaviruses, bunyaviruses and filoviruses), and to highlight the recent advancements made in applying these systems for HTS to identify either antivirals or new virus-host interactions that might hold promise for the development of future treatments for the infections caused by these deadly but neglected virus groups.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Arenaviridae; Bunyaviridae; Filoviridae; Genome, Viral; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Reverse Genetics
PubMed: 31356830
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104569 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jan 2013Matrix proteins are essential components of most negative-sense RNA, enveloped viruses. They serve a wide range of duties ranging from self-driven membrane budding and... (Review)
Review
Matrix proteins are essential components of most negative-sense RNA, enveloped viruses. They serve a wide range of duties ranging from self-driven membrane budding and coordination of other viral components to modulation of viral transcription. The functional similarity between these proteins is striking, despite major differences in their structures. Whereas biochemical and structural studies have partly been hindered by the inherent aggregation properties of these proteins, their cellular functions are beginning to be understood. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on negative-sense RNA virus matrix proteins and their interactions with other viral and cellular proteins. We also discuss the similarities and differences in matrix protein functions between the different families within the negative-sense RNA viruses.
Topics: Arenaviridae; Borna disease virus; Bunyaviridae; Filoviridae; Models, Molecular; Orthomyxoviridae; Paramyxoviridae; Rhabdoviridae; Viral Matrix Proteins; Virion
PubMed: 23276954
DOI: 10.2741/4132 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Jul 2009The Arenaviridae family currently comprises 22 viral species, each of them associated with a rodent species. This viral family is important both as tractable... (Review)
Review
The Arenaviridae family currently comprises 22 viral species, each of them associated with a rodent species. This viral family is important both as tractable experimental model systems to study acute and persistent infections and as clinically important human pathogens. Arenaviruses are enveloped viruses with a bi-segmented negative-strand RNA genome. The interaction with the cellular receptor and subsequent entry into the host cell differs between Old World and New World arenavirus that use alpha-dystoglycan or human transferring receptor 1, respectively, as main receptors. The recent development of reverse genetic systems for several arenaviruses has facilitated progress in understanding the molecular biology and cell biology of this viral family, as well as opening new approaches for the development of novel strategies to combat human pathogenic arenaviruses. On the other hand, increased availability of genetic data has allowed more detailed studies on the phylogeny and evolution of arenaviruses. As with other riboviruses, arenaviruses exist as viral quasispecies, which allow virus adaptation to rapidly changing environments. The large number of different arenavirus host reservoirs and great genetic diversity among virus species provide the bases for the emergence of new arenaviruses potentially pathogenic for humans.
Topics: Animals; Arenaviridae Infections; Arenavirus; Disease Models, Animal; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Variation; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mice; Phylogeny; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 19460307
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.03.005