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Annals of the New York Academy of... Sep 1994
Review
Topics: Animals; Enterochromaffin Cells; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 7978873
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb17253.x -
Cell and Tissue Research May 2019In this study, a novel subset of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1)-immunoreactive (IR) tuft cells that also contain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) is described,...
In this study, a novel subset of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1)-immunoreactive (IR) tuft cells that also contain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) is described, in terms of their number, regional distribution, possible synthesis or reuptake of 5HT and proximity to 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin (EC) cells. The small intestine from C57BL/6J mice was divided into five segments while the large intestine was kept undivided. Double immunostaining was used to estimate numbers and topographic distribution of 5HT-IR (DCLK1/5HT) tuft cells and their possible expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and serotonin transporter (SERT). Also, possible contacts between tuft cells and 5HT-IR EC cells were studied. In the small intestine, up to 80% of all tuft cells were identified as DCLK1/5HT-IR; in the large intestine, such cells were rare. The highest number of DCLK1/5HT-IR cells was found in the upper small intestine. The numbers of DCLK1/5HT-IR cells gradually decreased distally. DCLK1-IR tuft cells were not found to contain TPH, the rate-limiting enzyme in 5HT synthesis. SERT, the selective transporter for 5HT reuptake, could not convincingly be demonstrated in tuft cells. In villi and crypts, 3% and 10%, respectively, of all DCLK1-IR cells were in close proximity to EC cells. EC cells in close proximity to DCLK1-IR cells were, in villi and crypts, 3 and 8%, respectively. We conclude that DCLK1/5HT-IR cells constitute a novel subset of tuft cells that may have unique roles in the GI tract.
Topics: Animals; Doublecortin-Like Kinases; Enterochromaffin Cells; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Serotonin; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Tryptophan Hydroxylase
PubMed: 30666535
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-02988-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022The intestinal epithelium plays a key role in managing the relationship with the environment, the internal and external inputs, and their changes. One percent of the gut... (Review)
Review
The intestinal epithelium plays a key role in managing the relationship with the environment, the internal and external inputs, and their changes. One percent of the gut epithelium is represented by the enteroendocrine cells. Among the enteroendocrine cells, a group of specific cells characterized by the presence of yellow granules, the enterochromaffin cells, has been identified. These granules contain many secretion products. Studies showed that these cells are involved in gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions and hyperalgesia; their number increases in these conditions both in affected and not-affected zones of the gut. Moreover, they are involved in the preservation and modulation of the intestinal function and motility, and they sense metabolic-nutritional alterations. Sometimes, they are confused or mixed with other enteroendocrine cells, and it is difficult to define their activity. However, it is known that they change their functions during diseases; they increased in number, but their involvement is related mainly to some secretion products (serotonin, melatonin, substance P). The mechanisms linked to these alterations are not well investigated. Herein, we provide an up-to-date highlight of the main findings about these cells, from their discovery to today. We emphasized their origin, morphology, and their link with diet to better evaluate their role for preventing or treating metabolic disorders considering that these diseases are currently a public health burden.
Topics: Enterochromaffin Cells; Enteroendocrine Cells; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Serotonin
PubMed: 35409109
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073758 -
American Journal of Health-system... Nov 1998The safety of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) for long-term use is reviewed. PPIs are being used with increasing frequency to inhibit secretion of gastric acid in order to... (Review)
Review
The safety of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) for long-term use is reviewed. PPIs are being used with increasing frequency to inhibit secretion of gastric acid in order to treat acid-related disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Some patients may require long-term acid suppressive treatment to control the symptoms of their disease, which raises questions about the long-term safety of PPIs. A thorough literature search was conducted, and the clinical consequences of sustained hypergastrinemia induced by all antisecretory therapy, the consequences of atrophic gastritis in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori, the effects of hypochlorhydria on bacterial overgrowth and nutrient absorption, and possible interactions of PPIs with other drugs were identified as areas of concern with long-term use of PPIs. Short- and long-term studies showed that PPIs have a wide safety margin and a favorable adverse-event profile with few drug interactions. Available data support the short- and long-term safety of PPIs.
Topics: Anti-Ulcer Agents; Colonic Neoplasms; Drug Interactions; Enterochromaffin Cells; Gastric Acid; Gastrins; Gastritis, Atrophic; Humans; Hyperplasia; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 9825878
DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/55.21.2268 -
JAMA Sep 2017
Topics: Brain; Enterochromaffin Cells; Humans; Models, Biological; Organoids
PubMed: 28873141
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.11545 -
Tumori Dec 1979The left lung, surgically removed from a patient, was found to be bronchiectasic and polycystic. Using light microscopy it was possible to locate multiple tumorlets...
The left lung, surgically removed from a patient, was found to be bronchiectasic and polycystic. Using light microscopy it was possible to locate multiple tumorlets originating from the Kulchitsky cells of the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosae. With the traditional histochemical staining, argyrophilia and argentaffinity were demonstrated. The latter, not previously reported in the literature, suggests the presence of different monoamines in the neurosecretory cytoplasmic granules of the tumorlet cells.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoid Tumor; Enterochromaffin Cells; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male
PubMed: 543019
DOI: 10.1177/030089167906500612 -
The olfactory receptor Olfr78 promotes differentiation of enterochromaffin cells in the mouse colon.EMBO Reports Jan 2024The gastrointestinal epithelium constitutes a chemosensory system for microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Here, we investigate the...
The gastrointestinal epithelium constitutes a chemosensory system for microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Here, we investigate the spatial distribution of Olfr78, one of the SCFA receptors, in the mouse intestine and study the transcriptome of colon enteroendocrine cells expressing Olfr78. The receptor is predominantly detected in the enterochromaffin and L subtypes in the proximal and distal colon, respectively. Using the Olfr78-GFP and VilCre/Olfr78flox transgenic mouse lines, we show that loss of epithelial Olfr78 results in impaired enterochromaffin cell differentiation, blocking cells in an undefined secretory lineage state. This is accompanied by a reduced defense response to bacteria in colon crypts and slight dysbiosis. Using organoid cultures, we further show that maintenance of enterochromaffin cells involves activation of the Olfr78 receptor via the SCFA ligand acetate. Taken together, our work provides evidence that Olfr78 contributes to colon homeostasis by promoting enterochromaffin cell differentiation.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Enterochromaffin Cells; Receptors, Odorant; Cell Differentiation; Enteroendocrine Cells; Colon
PubMed: 38177905
DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00013-5 -
Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 1995Gastrin plays a central role in the regulation of acid secretion. It is released by meals in quantities sufficient to explain meal-stimulated acid secretion. Gastrin... (Review)
Review
Gastrin plays a central role in the regulation of acid secretion. It is released by meals in quantities sufficient to explain meal-stimulated acid secretion. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion mainly by releasing histamine from the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. Whether gastrin has any functional direct effect on the parietal cell remains to be shown. Gastrin stimulates not only the function but also the growth of the ECL cell, and long-term hypergastrinemia may lead to ECL cell carcinoids. The role of the ECL cell in human gastric carcinogenesis is controversial, but it seems wise to avoid long-term iatrogen hypergastrinemia especially in young persons. Interestingly, the oxyntic mucosal D cell, on which gastrin has a negative trophic effect, may play a role in gastric stump carcinoma, and thus hypogastrinemia may also dispose to gastric cancer.
Topics: Enterochromaffin Cells; Gastric Acid; Gastrins; Humans; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
PubMed: 7606834
DOI: 10.1159/000171484 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2000
Review
Topics: Animals; Chromogranin A; Chromogranins; Enterochromaffin Cells; Gastrins; Humans; Hyperplasia; Neuroendocrine Tumors
PubMed: 11192596
DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46837-9_29 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Oct 2021Electrochemical methods were used to explore the exocytotic nature of serotonin (5-HT) release in human carcinoid BON cells, an in vitro human enterochromaffin cell...
Electrochemical methods were used to explore the exocytotic nature of serotonin (5-HT) release in human carcinoid BON cells, an in vitro human enterochromaffin cell model, to understand the mechanisms operating the release of gut-derived 5-HT in the intestinal mucosal epithelium. We show that the fractional vesicular 5-HT release in BON cells is 80 % compared to previous work in pancreatic beta cells (34 %). The fractional release increased from 80 % in control BON cells to 87 % with 5-HT preincubation and nearly 100 % with the combination of 5-HT and the 5-HT autoreceptor agonist, cisapride. Thus, partial release is the primary mechanism of exocytosis in BON cells, resulting in a variable amount of the vesicular content being released. Factors that control secretion of 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells or BON cells are important as partial release provides a mechanism for development of effective therapeutic strategies to treat gastrointestinal diseases.
Topics: Drug Liberation; Electrochemical Techniques; Enterochromaffin Cells; Exocytosis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Nanotechnology; Serotonin
PubMed: 34363735
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108193