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Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2020Organoarsenicals have been used in poultry production for years, however, studies focused on roxarsone (ROX), with little attention to p-arsanilic acid (ASA). We...
Organoarsenicals have been used in poultry production for years, however, studies focused on roxarsone (ROX), with little attention to p-arsanilic acid (ASA). We assessed arsenic (As) concentration and speciation in chicken meat collected from 10 cities in China. The geometric mean for total As in 249 paired raw and cooked samples was 4.85 and 7.27 μg kg fw, respectively. Among 81 paired raw and cooked samples, ASA and ROX were detected in >90% samples, suggesting the prevalence of organoarsenical use in China. ASA contributed the most (45% on average) to total As in cooked samples, followed by As(V), DMA, As(III), and ROX (7.2-22%). ASA was found to contribute more to total As in chicken meat compared to ROX for the first time. Arsenic in chicken meat showed considerable geographic variation, with higher inorganic arsenic (iAs) being detected from cities with higher ROX and ASA, indicating that organoarsenical use increased iAs concentration in chicken meat. When health risk was estimated, dietary exposure to iAs would result in an increase of 3.2 bladder and lung cancer cases per 100,000 adults. The result supports the removal of organoarsenicals in poultry production from Chinese market and further supports its removal from the global markets.
Topics: Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Arsenic; Arsenicals; Chickens; China; Meat; Roxarsone
PubMed: 31525688
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121178 -
Drug and Chemical Toxicology Jan 2014Arsenic exists widely in rock, water and air, and arsanilic acid (also known as aminophenyl arsenic acid) is an organoarsenic compound and has been used as feed...
Arsenic exists widely in rock, water and air, and arsanilic acid (also known as aminophenyl arsenic acid) is an organoarsenic compound and has been used as feed additives. Organoarsenic compounds in foodstuff cause adverse effects, including acute and chronic toxicity, in animals and humans. However, little is known about the cellular toxicity and mechanisms of organic arsenic on the kidney. In this study, we explored the toxicity and molecular mechanisms of arsanilic acid on rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52e cells). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that arsanilic acid inhibited the proliferation of rat NRK-52e cells in a dose-dependent manner, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry revealed that arsanilic acid induced cellular apoptosis in NRK-52e cells. Fluorescence spectrophotometer displayed that arsanilic acid caused a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) of NRK-52e cells, but enhanced reactive oxygen species level of these cells. Notably, trolox, a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E, protected NRK-52e cells against MMP loss and apoptosis caused by arsanilic acid. Western blots with caspase inhibitors further indicated that arsanilic acid increased expression of active caspase-3 and -9 in NRK-52e cells. Collectively, these results suggest that arsanilic acid causes apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat kidney epithelial cells through activation of the caspase-9 and -3 signaling pathway. This study thus provides a novel insight into molecular mechanisms by which arsanilic acid has adverse cytotoxicity on renal tubular epithelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Arsanilic Acid; Blotting, Western; Caspase 3; Caspase 9; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Epithelial Cells; Kidney; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles
PubMed: 23848144
DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.806532 -
Chemosphere Feb 2022Efficient and rapid removal of p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) in water is very important in environmental protection and human health, however it is still a severe challenge...
Efficient and rapid removal of p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) in water is very important in environmental protection and human health, however it is still a severe challenge in actual engineering. Herein, a novel sorbent (CF-PEI) was successfully fabricated by simply modifying the amphiphilic skin collagen fiber (CF) substrate with Polyethylenimine (PEI). The as-prepared CF-PEI exhibits high-efficiency adsorption for negatively charged p-ASA with aromatic rings due to the introduction of amino groups and the existence of hydrophobic bands, and the maximum adsorption capacity of CF-PEI for p-ASA was high up to 285.71 mg g. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of CF-PEI on p-ASA mainly includes electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond and amphiphilicity. The multi-level all-fiber structure of CF makes it mainly focus on surface mass transfer with short mass transfer distance, and its capillary drainage effect can realize large flow and rapid separation. CF-PEI based on CF can realize the ability to separate low-concentration p-ASA with high flow rate and high efficiency. The effective processing volume was 12.5 L g when the separation flux reached as high as 9931.27 L m h. Notably, the p-ASA adsorbed on CF-PEI was almost completely eluted by NaOH (0.5 mol L). The adsorbent is convenient to prepare, recyclable, high in efficiency, and has a great application prospect in removing organic micro-pollutants.
Topics: Arsanilic Acid; Collagen; Humans; Water
PubMed: 34653489
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132542 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2021Phenylarsonic acid compounds, which were widely used in poultry and swine production, are often introduced to agricultural soils with animal wastes. Fenton coagulation...
Phenylarsonic acid compounds, which were widely used in poultry and swine production, are often introduced to agricultural soils with animal wastes. Fenton coagulation process is thought as an efficient method to remove them. However, the substituted amino group could apparently influence the removal efficiency in Fenton coagulation process. Herein, we investigated the optimal conditions to treat typical organoarsenic contaminants (p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) and phenylarsonic acid (PAA)) in aqueous solution based on Fenton coagulation process for oxidizing them and capturing the released inorganic arsenic, and elucidated the influence mechanism of substituted amino group on removal. Results showed that the pH value and the dosage of HO and Fe significantly influenced the performance of the oxidation and coagulation processes. The optimal conditions for removing 20 mg L-As in this research were 40mg L Fe and 60mg L HO (the mass ratio of Fe/HO = 1.5), initial solution pH of 3.0, and final solution pH of 5.0 adjusting after 30-min Fenton oxidation reaction. Meanwhile, the substituted amino group made p-ASA much more easily be attacked by ·OH than PAA and supply one more binding sites for forming complexes with Fe hydrolysates, resulting in 36% higher oxidation rate and 7% better coagulation performance at the optimal conditions.
Topics: Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Oxidation-Reduction; Swine; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34227010
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15157-x -
Water Research Aug 2023The widespread occurrence of p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) in natural environments poses big threats to the biosphere due to the generation of toxic inorganic arsenic (i.e.,...
The widespread occurrence of p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) in natural environments poses big threats to the biosphere due to the generation of toxic inorganic arsenic (i.e., As(III) and As(V), especially As(III) with higher toxicity and mobility). Oxidation of p-ASA or As(III) to As(V) followed by precipitation of total arsenic using Fe-based advanced oxidation processes demonstrated to be a promising approach for the treatment of arsenic contamination. This study for the first time investigated the efficiency and inherent mechanism of p-ASA and As(III) oxidation by Fe(II)/peracetic acid (Fe(II)/PAA) and PAA processes. p-ASA was rapidly degraded by the Fe(II)/PAA process within 20 s at neutral to acidic pHs under different conditions, while it was insignificantly degraded by PAA oxidation alone. Lines of evidence suggested that hydroxyl radicals and organic radicals generated from the homolytic OO bond cleavage of PAA contributed to the degradation of p-ASA in the Fe(II)/PAA process. p-ASA was mainly oxidized to As (V), NH, and p-aminophenol by the Fe(II)/PAA process, wherein the aniline group and its para position were the most vulnerable sites. As(III) of concern was likely generated as an intermediate during p-ASA oxidation and it could be readily oxidized to As(V) by the Fe(II)/PAA process as well as PAA alone. The in-depth investigation demonstrated that PAA alone was effective in the oxidation of As(III) under varied conditions with a stoichiometric molar ratio of 1:1. Efficient removal (> 80%) of total arsenic during p-ASA oxidation by Fe(II)/PAA process or during As(III) oxidation by PAA process with additional Fe(III) in synthetic or real waters were observed, mainly due to the adsorptive interactions of amorphous ferric (oxy)hydroxide precipitates. This study systematically investigates the oxidation of p-ASA and As(III) by the Fe(II)/PAA and PAA processes, which is instructive for the future development of arsenic remediation technology.
Topics: Ferric Compounds; Arsenic; Arsanilic Acid; Peracetic Acid; Arsenites; Oxidation-Reduction; Ferrous Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Hydrogen Peroxide
PubMed: 37262947
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120091 -
Environmental Research May 2022In this study, a bimetallic composite catalyst (Co-Fe@C) was fabricated with calcination at high temperature (800 °C) by using Co-MIL-101 (Fe) as the precursor. The...
In this study, a bimetallic composite catalyst (Co-Fe@C) was fabricated with calcination at high temperature (800 °C) by using Co-MIL-101 (Fe) as the precursor. The characterization results showed that the resulted Co-Fe@C composite mainly consisted of carbon, FeCo alloys, FeO, CoO and FeO, and owned evident magnetism. In addition, the Co-Fe@C was employed to activate the peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade a representative organic pollutant (p-arsanilic acid, p-ASA) and the main factors were optimized, which involved 0.2 g L of catalyst dosage, 1.0 g L of PDS dosage and 5.0 of initial pH. Under the optimal condition, Co-Fe@C/PDS system could completely degrade p-ASA (20 mg L) in 5 min. In the Co-Fe@C/PDS system, SO·, Fe(IV) and ·OH were the main species during p-ASA degradation. Under the attack of these species, p-ASA was first decomposed into phenols and then transformed into the organics acids and finally mineralized into CO and HO through a series of reactions like hydroxylation, dearsenification, deamination and benzene ring opening. Importantly, most of the released inorganic arsenic species (93.40%) could be efficiently adsorbed by the catalyst.
Topics: Arsanilic Acid; Arsenic; Catalysis; Cobalt; Oxides
PubMed: 34627800
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112184 -
Brain Sciences Nov 2019When vestibular function is lost, vestibular compensation works for the reacquisition of body balance. For the study of vestibular dysfunction and vestibular...
When vestibular function is lost, vestibular compensation works for the reacquisition of body balance. For the study of vestibular dysfunction and vestibular compensation, surgical or chemical labyrinthectomy has been performed in various animal species. In the present study, we performed chemical labyrinthectomy using arsanilic acid in mice and investigated the time course of vestibular compensation through behavioral observations and histological studies. The surgical procedures required only paracentesis and storage of 50 µL of -arsanilic acid sodium salt solution in the tympanic cavity for 5 min. From behavioral observations, vestibular functions were worst at 2 days and recovered by 7 days after surgery. Spontaneous nystagmus appeared at 1 day after surgery with arsanilic acid and disappeared by 2 days. Histological studies revealed specific damage to the vestibular endorgans. In the ipsilateral spinal vestibular nucleus, the medial vestibular nucleus, and the contralateral prepositus hypoglossal nucleus, a substantial number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells appeared by 1 day after surgery with arsanilic acid, with a maximum increase in number by 2 days and complete disappearance by 7 days. Taken together, these findings indicate that chemical labyrinthectomy with arsanilic acid and the subsequent observation of vestibular compensation is a useful strategy for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying vestibular pathophysiologies.
PubMed: 31752103
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110329 -
Journal of Chromatography. B,... Sep 2017Recent studies of magnetic carrier technology have focused on its applications in separation and purification technologies, due to easy separation of the target from the...
Recent studies of magnetic carrier technology have focused on its applications in separation and purification technologies, due to easy separation of the target from the reaction medium by applying an external magnetic field. In the present study, FeO superparamagnetic nanoparticles were prepared to utilize a chemical co-precipitation method, then the surfaces of the nanoparticles were modified with arsanilic acid derivatives which were used as the specific nanocarriers for the affinity purification of alkaline phosphatase from the hen's egg yolk. The six different types of magnetic nanocarriers with varied lengths of the linkers were obtained. All samples were characterized step by step and validated using FTIR, SEM, EDX, VSM and XRD analysis methods As the results were shown, the use of inflexible tags with long linkers on the surface of the nanocarrier could lead to better results for separation of alkaline phosphatase from the hen's egg yolk with 76.2% recovery and 1361.7-fold purification. The molecular weight of the purified alkaline phosphatase was estimated to be 68kDa by SDS-PAGE. The results of this study showed that the novel magnetic nanocarriers were capable of purifying alkaline phosphatase in a practically time and cost effective way.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chickens; Egg Yolk; Female; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 28704722
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.048 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Aug 2023The widespread used organoarsenicals have drawn attention for decades due to their potential environment risks. In this study, a heterogeneous system of goethite/oxalate...
The widespread used organoarsenicals have drawn attention for decades due to their potential environment risks. In this study, a heterogeneous system of goethite/oxalate irradiated using UVA light (λ = 365 nm) was applied for the removal of ASA, a kind of organoarsenicals used in animal feeding operations as additives, from the aqueous phase through photodegradation. Results showed that the presence of 5 mM of oxalate significantly enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of ASA in the 0.1 g/L of goethite suspended system from 28 to ~100% within 180 min reaction at pH 5. Acid conditions favored the photoreaction rate, compared with neutral and basic conditions. This reaction process was also influenced by the initial concentration of oxalate and ASA. Furthermore, the mechanism study was conducted by quenching experiments and revealed the important roles of ·OH in the degradation of ASA in the goethite/oxalate/UVA system. By analyzing the reaction products, both inorganic arsenic (As(III) and As(V)) and ammonia were detected during the photodegradation of ASA. These findings help to gain a better understanding of the geochemical behavior of ASA in surface water and can also provide a potential treatment method for the organoarsenicals contaminated water.
PubMed: 37594713
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29289-9 -
Water Research Sep 2022As a feed additive, p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) is hardly metabolized in animal bodies and is excreted chemically unchanged via feces and urine, which can be transformed...
As a feed additive, p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) is hardly metabolized in animal bodies and is excreted chemically unchanged via feces and urine, which can be transformed into more toxic inorganic arsenic species and other organic by-products upon degradation in the aquatic environment. In this study, UV-LED/persulfate (PS)/Fe(Ⅲ) and UV-LED/peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/Fe(Ⅲ) processes were developed to remove p-ASA and immobilize the formed inorganic arsenic via tuning solution pH. UV-LED/PMS/Fe(Ⅲ) (90.8%) presented the best performance for p-ASA degradation at pH 3.0, and the p-ASA degradation in these processes both followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The ∙OH played the major role in UV-LED/PS/Fe(Ⅲ) and UV-LED/PMS/Fe(Ⅲ) systems. Solution pH greatly affected the p-ASA degradation and the maximum removal can be achieved at pH 3.0 due to the presence of more Fe(OH)(HO). The dosages of Fe(III) and PMS (PS), SO and HCO significantly influenced the performance of p-ASA oxidation, while HA, Cl and NO slightly affected the p-ASA degradation. According to quantum chemical calculation, radical addition on the C atom in the C-As bond of p-ASA was corroborated to be the dominant reaction pathway by SO∙ and ∙OH. Additionally, the reactive sites and reasonable degradation pathways of p-ASA were proposed based on DFT calculation and HPLC/MS analysis. The release of inorganic arsenic in both processes can be effectively immobilized and the toxicity of the reaction solution dramatically reduced by adjusting solution pH to 6.0. UV-LED/PMS/Fe(Ⅲ) process was found to be more cost-effective than UV-LED/PS/Fe(Ⅲ) process at the low oxidant dosages.
Topics: Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Arsenates; Arsenic; Ferric Compounds; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxides; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35998556
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118989