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Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Mar 2021The sphenoidal artery is considered a component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region, particularly with the advent of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The sphenoidal artery is considered a component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region, particularly with the advent of interventional neuroimaging. The objective of this publication was to analyze the various descriptions of the sphenoidal artery in the literature as related to relevant photographs of a dissected arterially injected fetal middle cranial fossa and orbit.
METHODS
Publications dealing with middle meningeal-ophthalmic arterial anastomoses, focusing on the sphenoidal artery, were reviewed. A relevant dissection of a fetal specimen was analyzed.
RESULTS
The literature dealing with the sphenoidal artery is at times not in agreement. The nomenclature and anatomy of its passage through the superior orbital fissure or Hyrtl canal have variable descriptions. Photographs of the skull base of a dissected arterially injected fetal specimen show bilateral prominent orbital branches of the middle meningeal arteries. These branches entered both orbits in a course similar to the diagrammatic representations of the sphenoidal artery, and give rise to several major intraorbital arteries. This study provides the only photographic image in the literature of this variation in a human fetal anatomic dissection.
CONCLUSIONS
Review of the literature dealing with the sphenoidal artery shows inconsistent nomenclature and conflicting descriptions of its anastomotic connections, and varying evolutionary and embryologic theories. Analysis of the dissected fetal skull base indicates that the sphenoidal artery is not a distinct artery but just a middle meningeal orbital arterial branch, an important component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region.
Topics: Cranial Fossa, Middle; Dissection; Fetus; Humans; Meningeal Arteries; Ophthalmic Artery; Orbit; Sphenoid Bone
PubMed: 33481129
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02663-9 -
American Journal of Surgery Jun 1992Uncontrolled arterial bleeding during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a serious problem and may increase the risk of bile duct damage. Therefore, accurate identification... (Review)
Review
Uncontrolled arterial bleeding during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a serious problem and may increase the risk of bile duct damage. Therefore, accurate identification of the anatomy of the cystic artery is important. We reviewed the anatomy of the cystic artery and its variations as seen through the video laparoscope. A "normal" cystic artery was found in only 72% of patients. The most important laparoscopically noted variations were doubling of the cystic artery (22%) and an artery that ran inferior to the cystic duct (6%). Small branches of the cystic artery, which we suggest be named Calot's arteries, supply the cystic duct and may cause troublesome bleeding during laparoscopic dissection in the hepatobiliary triangle. A scissor dissection technique was found most useful for identifying the arterial anatomy. Careful identification of arterial anomalies should help to reduce the incidence of bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Topics: Arteries; Gallbladder; Humans; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 1534464
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(92)90564-8 -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) Jan 2019Arterial hypertension is à chronic disease that affects more than 25 % of the French adult population. Increased peripheral resistance combined with normal cardiac... (Review)
Review
Arterial hypertension is à chronic disease that affects more than 25 % of the French adult population. Increased peripheral resistance combined with normal cardiac output is a special feature of arterial hypertension. The increase in the resistance of arterioles remains an important feature of arterial hypertension while the study of the rigidity of large arterials trunks remains poorly explored. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement has been established as one of the major independent predictors of cardiovascular events in arterial hypertension.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Arteries; Arterioles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Essential Hypertension; Hemodynamics; Humans; Models, Cardiovascular; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pulse Wave Analysis; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 30665781
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.11.017 -
Endoscopic projection of the gastroduodenal artery: Anatomical implications for bleeding management.Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Nov 2020Peptic ulcers account for 50% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding incidents. Bleedings from large vessels, such as the gastroduodenal artery, are associated with...
INTRODUCTION
Peptic ulcers account for 50% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding incidents. Bleedings from large vessels, such as the gastroduodenal artery, are associated with increased mortality. Ulcers located on the posterior wall of the duodenum show the highest risk for erosion of the gastroduodenal artery. Endoscopic management is challenging and rebleeding rates are high due to internal and external confounding factors such as anatomical variability and gastric insufflation. We aimed to correlate macroscopic and endoscopic anatomy for assessment of implications for clinical management.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The gastroduodenal artery was dissected in 10 anatomical specimens. The points of contact of the artery with the posterior wall of the duodenum were marked with needles. The endoluminal position of the needles was recorded by standardized gastroscopy and a 3-dimensional virtual reconstruction was carried out for visualization of the artery's course.
RESULTS
The artery's proximal and distal points of contact with the duodenum were 27.2mm (range 15-30mm; SD 6.7mm) and 15mm (range 10-20mm; SD 3.5mm), respectively, from the pylorus. The gastroduodenal artery branches from the common hepatic artery within the omentum minus running adjacent to the duodenal wall to the head of the pancreas. From endoscopic perspective, the gastroduodenal artery's course was directed towards the tip of the gastroscope.
CONCLUSION
Due to the peculiar extraluminal course of the gastroduodenal artery the arterial blood flow projects into the direction of the gastroscope during endoscopic intervention. Measures for bleeding control might have to be applied aboral from the bleeding site.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arteries; Duodenum; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Stomach
PubMed: 32565392
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151560 -
Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular... Oct 2002In the 35 years of coronary artery bypass grafting, several kinds of conduits have been utilized and assessed. It is clear now that the saphenous vein graft deteriorated... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
In the 35 years of coronary artery bypass grafting, several kinds of conduits have been utilized and assessed. It is clear now that the saphenous vein graft deteriorated with time mainly due to atherosclerosis in the graft called "vein graft disease." The internal thoracic artery graft, on the contrary, stays patent very well in the long-term period and this evidence directly related to the superior later outcome in terms of longevity and postoperative cardiac events. To extend the use of arterial conduits for myocardial revascularization, several autologous arteries have been investigated and utilized clinically. With proper use of these new arterial conduits in addition to internal thoracic artery, coronary artery bypass grafting with multi-arterial grafts can be performed safely, and better long term result can be expected.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anastomosis, Surgical; Child; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Disease; Female; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Hong Kong; Humans; Japan; Male; Mammary Arteries; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Radial Artery; Risk Assessment; Survival Rate; Thoracic Arteries
PubMed: 12652437
DOI: 10.1053/stcs.2002.35299 -
The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 2021Cardiac catheterization is a course of action with a low rate of complication; however, the potential risk factors should be considered before the procedure. The risk of...
BACKGROUND
Cardiac catheterization is a course of action with a low rate of complication; however, the potential risk factors should be considered before the procedure. The risk of arterial complications increases in sick premature infants, especially in the first days of life.
CASE
A four-day-old neonate with cyanotic heart disease (tricuspid atresia) was referred to our tertiary center for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting by cardiac catheterization. During catheterization, the stent escaped and was trapped in the left external iliac artery. Following the stent retrieval, the left external artery was disrupted entirely and caused pulse-less left lower extremity. The patient was immediately transferred to the operating room to repair the artery. Retracted ends of the artery had caused a 3-4 cm space between them. In this rare and emergency situation, the left umbilical artery was used to maintain the common femoral artery`s (CFA) blood supply. Therefore, an end to end anastomosis of the distal part of the left umbilical artery with the proximal part of the left CFA was done successfully and uneventfully.
CONCLUSIONS
The complications of cardiac catheterization that lead to surgical repair are almost challenging, and adequate preoperative planning should be performed. In selective cases, the umbilical artery can be used to maintain the blood flow to the common femoral artery.
Topics: Cardiac Catheterization; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Femoral Artery; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Limb Salvage; Stents; Treatment Outcome; Umbilical Arteries
PubMed: 34738378
DOI: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.05.024 -
Biomechanics and Modeling in... Apr 2017Femoropopliteal artery (FPA) mechanics play a paramount role in pathophysiology and the artery's response to therapeutic interventions, but data on FPA mechanical...
Femoropopliteal artery (FPA) mechanics play a paramount role in pathophysiology and the artery's response to therapeutic interventions, but data on FPA mechanical properties are scarce. Our goal was to characterize human FPAs over a wide population to derive a constitutive description of FPA aging to be used for computational modeling. Fresh human FPA specimens ([Formula: see text]) were obtained from [Formula: see text] predominantly male (80 %) donors 54±15 years old (range 13-82 years). Morphometric characteristics including radius, wall thickness, opening angle, and longitudinal pre-stretch were recorded. Arteries were subjected to multi-ratio planar biaxial extension to determine constitutive parameters for an invariant-based model accounting for the passive contributions of ground substance, elastin, collagen, and smooth muscle. Nonparametric bootstrapping was used to determine unique sets of material parameters that were used to derive age-group-specific characteristics. Physiologic stress-stretch state was calculated to capture changes with aging. Morphometric and constitutive parameters were derived for seven age groups. Vessel radius, wall thickness, and circumferential opening angle increased with aging, while longitudinal pre-stretch decreased ([Formula: see text]). Age-group-specific constitutive parameters portrayed orthotropic FPA stiffening, especially in the longitudinal direction. Structural changes in artery wall elastin were associated with reduction of physiologic longitudinal and circumferential stretches and stresses with age. These data and the constitutive description of FPA aging shed new light on our understanding of peripheral arterial disease pathophysiology and arterial aging. Application of this knowledge might improve patient selection for specific treatment modalities in personalized, precision medicine algorithms and could assist in device development for treatment of peripheral artery disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Arteries; Biomechanical Phenomena; Collagen; Elastin; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Young Adult
PubMed: 27771811
DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0845-7 -
Rhinology Mar 2018The knowledge of sinonasal vasculature is inevitable in transnasal neurosurgery. We performed an anatomical study on the sphenopalatine artery from the perspective of...
BACKGROUND
The knowledge of sinonasal vasculature is inevitable in transnasal neurosurgery. We performed an anatomical study on the sphenopalatine artery from the perspective of skull base procedures.
METHODOLOGY
To analyse the anatomical landmarks of the sphenopalatine artery, arterial skull corrosion casts (26 head halves) underwent endoscopic transnasal phantom surgery. Furthermore, we performed microsurgical dissection on formaldehyde-fixated cadavers with arterial perfusion (14 head halves) as well as studied Cone Beam CT-scans of anonymised patients and cadavers (115 head sides).
RESULTS
In our cadaveric material, the sphenopalatine foramen is located at the transition of the superior and middle nasal meatus (95.0%) or in the superior nasal meatus (5.0%). It is the main entry point of the branches of the sphenopalatine artery into the nasal cavity. In most cadaveric cases (25.0%), at this level there are 2 branches superiorly and 1 vessel inferiorly to the ethmoid crest. An average of 2.4 vessels leave the sphenopalatine foramen superiorly to the ethmoid crest, 97.8% of them belong to the sphenopalatine arterys posterior septal branches. An average of 2.1 branches leave the sphenopalatine foramen inferiorly to the ethmoid crest; all of them belong to the posterior lateral nasal branches. There are no cases with a single artery at the plane of the sphenopalatine foramen. We describe a triangular bony structure bordering the sphenopalatine foramen anteriorly which is built up by the palatine and ethmoid bone as well as the maxilla. According to the radiographic studies, this triangular prominence is surrounded superiorly by a posterior ethmoid cell (57.4%), the sphenoid sinus (41.7%) or the orbit (0.9%) with a varying contribution of the superior nasal meatus; inferolaterally by the maxillary sinus (98.3%) or the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa (1.7%) and inferomedially by the middle nasal meatus. The medial vertex of the bony triangle corresponds to the ethmoid crest of the palatine bone. In transnasal endoscopic surgery, the posterior lateral nasal branches of the sphenopalatine artery appear at the triangle's inferomedial edge, the posterior septal branches emerge at its superior edge.
CONCLUSIONS
The triangular bony structure is a landmark to find and differentiate the posterior lateral nasal and posterior septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery and to identify the sphenoid sinus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anatomic Landmarks; Arteries; Cadaver; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Cavity; Neurosurgical Procedures; Palate, Hard; Sphenoid Bone
PubMed: 29166425
DOI: 10.4193/Rhin17.181 -
World Neurosurgery Jul 2021Anatomic knowledge and insight depend on the cumulative contributions of anatomists over time, and eponyms pay homage to some of these individuals. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Anatomic knowledge and insight depend on the cumulative contributions of anatomists over time, and eponyms pay homage to some of these individuals.
METHODS
A PubMed literature review identified 11 eponymous arteries of the brain and spinal cord.
RESULTS
The 11 eponyms include the artery of Adamkiewicz, the artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari, the artery of Davidoff and Schechter, the recurrent artery of Heubner, McConnell's capsular arteries, the artery of Percheron, the artery of Salmon, the Vidian artery, the arteria termatica of Wilder, the circle of Willis, and the artery of Wollschlaeger and Wollschlaeger.
CONCLUSIONS
Eponyms remind us of an artery's importance and can improve our clinical acumen or technique. They have become an integral part of our day-to-day vocabulary, often without our historical knowledge of these anatomists. This report reviews these histories and the anatomy to deepen our appreciation of arterial eponyms in vascular neurosurgery.
Topics: Arteries; Brain; Eponyms; Humans; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Spinal Cord
PubMed: 33548525
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.01.115 -
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Apr 1997A 73-year-old man was admitted for rupture of an atherosclerotic aneurysm of the profunda femoris artery associated to popliteal and bilateral axillary arteries... (Review)
Review
A 73-year-old man was admitted for rupture of an atherosclerotic aneurysm of the profunda femoris artery associated to popliteal and bilateral axillary arteries aneurysms. The aneurysm of the profunda femoris artery was developed between the branches of the crural nerves. Considering the patency of the superficial femoral artery and of the leg arterie, and to avoid injury to the crural nerve, no reconstruction of the profunda femoris was attempted. The aneurysm was ligated proximally and buttress sutures were placed on the site of rupture to achieve thrombosis of the aneurysms. Most of the published cases of aneurysm of the profunda femoris artery are false aneurysms developed after various trauma. Atherosclerotic aneurysm of the profunda femoris artery is a rare lesion and rupture is exceptional.
Topics: Aged; Aneurysm; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Axillary Artery; Femoral Artery; Humans; Male; Popliteal Artery; Rupture, Spontaneous; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 9161593
DOI: No ID Found