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Genomics Jan 2020Arthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M.B. Ellis is a globally distributed pathogenic fungus with a wide host range; its hosts include not only plants, but also humans and...
Arthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M.B. Ellis is a globally distributed pathogenic fungus with a wide host range; its hosts include not only plants, but also humans and animals. This study aimed to develop genomic resources for A. phaeospermum to provide solid data and a theoretical basis for further studies of its pathogenesis, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and RNA genomics. The genome was obtained from the mycelia of the strain AP-Z13 using a combination of analyses with the high-throughput Illumina HiSeq 4000 system and PacBio RSII LongRead sequencing platform. Functional annotation was performed by BLASTing protein sequences against those in different publicly available databases to obtain their corresponding annotations. The genome is 48.45 Mb in size, with an N90 scaffold size of 1,931,147 bp, and encodes 19,836 putative predicted genes. This is the first report of the genome-scale assembly and annotation for A. phaeospermum, the first species in the genus Arthrinium to be subjected to whole genome sequencing.
Topics: Ascomycota; Carbohydrate Metabolism; DNA, Fungal; Fungal Proteins; Gene Ontology; Genome, Fungal; Genomics; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; RNA, Untranslated; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Secondary Metabolism; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31175977
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.007 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022The shoot blight of × caused by made bamboo die in a large area, resulting in serious ecological and economic losses. Dual RNA-seq was used to sequence and analyze...
The shoot blight of × caused by made bamboo die in a large area, resulting in serious ecological and economic losses. Dual RNA-seq was used to sequence and analyze the transcriptome data of and × in the four periods after the pathogen infected the host and to screen the candidate effectors of the pathogen related to the infection. After the identification of the effectors by the tobacco transient expression system, the functions of these effectors were verified by gene knockout. Fifty-three differentially expressed candidate effectors were obtained by differential gene expression analysis and effector prediction. Among them, the effectors and can cause programmed cell death in tobacco. The disease index of × inoculated with mutant Δ and mutant Δ strains were 52.5% and 47.5%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of the wild-type strains (80%), the complementary strain (77.5%), and the complementary strain (75%). The tolerance of the mutant Δ and mutant Δ strains to HO and NaCl stress was significantly lower than that of the wild-type strain and the complementary and complementary strains, but there was no difference in their tolerance to Congo red. Therefore, this study shows that the effectors and play an important role in virulence and response to HO and NaCl stress.
Topics: Ascomycota; Bambusa; Congo Red; Hydrogen Peroxide; Plant Diseases; Sodium Chloride; Nicotiana
PubMed: 36139102
DOI: 10.3390/biom12091264 -
Mycopathologia May 2004This paper describes the microscopic details of conidial germination and the influence of pH, sodium chloride concentration, 3% glucose, 3% saccharose and ultraviolet...
This paper describes the microscopic details of conidial germination and the influence of pH, sodium chloride concentration, 3% glucose, 3% saccharose and ultraviolet irradiation on the conidial germination in Arthrinium species. Under laboratory conditions, germination started after an incubation period of 90 minutes in 2% malt extract broth at 25 degrees C. In vitro, the conidia of Arthrinium species have a very low percentage of germination (A. phaeospermum: 7.9%; A. aureum: 15.8%). Conidia of this genus have a characteristic equatorial slit. Conidia may break spontaneously at this slit, releasing their cytoplasmic contents. Arthrinium phaeospermum attains its optimum germination percentage when its conidia are suspended in a sterile saline solution (pH 3.5) in a water bath at 20 degrees C for 15 minutes before being inoculated on 2% malt extract agar. Conidial suspensions of A. aureum may be held in the same conditions, but for 30 minutes.
Topics: Ascomycota; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 15281397
DOI: 10.1023/b:myco.0000030432.08860.f3 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022is the main pathogen that causes blight. It secretes the cutinase transcription factor , which has been shown to play an important role in virulence. However,...
is the main pathogen that causes blight. It secretes the cutinase transcription factor , which has been shown to play an important role in virulence. However, knowledge about the interaction target genes of in remains limited. A cDNA library for the yeast two-hybrid system was constructed from shoots after 168 h treatment with . The library was identified as 1.20 × 10 cfu, with an average insert >1,000 bp in size and a 100% positive rate, providing a database for the subsequent molecular study of the interaction between and . The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays were used to screen for and identify two interacting target proteins, and , providing a reliable theoretical basis to study the molecular mechanism underlying resistance in response to , which would, in turn, establish a platform to develop new strategies for the sustainable and effective control of the blight diseases of forest trees.
PubMed: 36186076
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991077 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021can cause branch wilting of , causing great economic losses and ecological damage. was sequenced in sterile deionized water (CK), rice tissue (T1) and (T2) fluid by...
can cause branch wilting of , causing great economic losses and ecological damage. was sequenced in sterile deionized water (CK), rice tissue (T1) and (T2) fluid by RNA-Seq, and the function of 1 and was verified by gene knockout. There were 424, 471 and 396 differentially expressed genes between the T2 and CK, T2 and T1, and CK and T1 groups, respectively. Thirty DEGs had verified the change in expression by fluorescent quantitative PCR. Twenty-nine DEGs were the same as the expression level in RNA-Seq. In addition, ΔApCtf1β 1 and ΔApCtf1β 2 showed weaker virulence by gene knockout, and the complementary strains Ctf1β 1 and Ctf1β 2 showed the same virulence as the wild-type strains. Relative growth inhibition of ΔApCtf1β 1 and ΔApCtf1β was significantly decreased by 21.4% and 19.2%, respectively, by adding HO compared to the estimates from the wild-type strain and decreased by 25% and 19.4%, respectively, by adding Congo red. The disease index of infected by two mutants was significantly lower than that of wild type. This suggested that genes are required for the stress response and virulence of .
PubMed: 34946984
DOI: 10.3390/jof7121001 -
Biomolecules Mar 2023The study of interaction proteins of the pathogen effector protein is an important means to analyze the disease-resistance mechanism of shoot blight. To obtain the...
The study of interaction proteins of the pathogen effector protein is an important means to analyze the disease-resistance mechanism of shoot blight. To obtain the proteins interacting with the effector ApCE22 of , 27 proteins interacting with the effector ApCE22 were initially identified via a yeast two-hybrid assay, of which four interaction proteins were obtained after one-to-one validation. The B2 protein and the chaperone protein DnaJ chloroplast protein were then verified to interact with the ApCE22 effector protein by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and GST pull-down methods. Advanced structure prediction showed that the B2 protein contained the DCD functional domain related to plant development and cell death, and the DnaJ protein contained the DnaJ domain related to stress resistance. The results showed that both the B2 protein and DnaJ protein in were the target interaction proteins of the ApCE22 effector of and related to the stress resistance of the host . The successful identification of the pathogen effector interaction target protein in plays an important role in the mechanism of pathogen-host interaction, thus providing a theoretical basis for the control of shoot blight.
Topics: Bambusa; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; Ascomycota; Host-Pathogen Interactions
PubMed: 37189340
DOI: 10.3390/biom13040590 -
Gene Jan 2020Bambusapervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsisgrandis, a fast-growing and easily propagated bamboo species, has been extensively planted in the southern China, resulting...
Bambusapervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsisgrandis, a fast-growing and easily propagated bamboo species, has been extensively planted in the southern China, resulting in huge ecological benefits. In recent years, it was found that the pathogenic fungus Arthrinium phaeospermum caused the death of a large amount of bamboo. In this study, the transcriptome of B. pervariabilis × D. grandis, induced by inactivated protein AP-toxin from A. phaeospermum was sequenced and analyzed, to reveal the resistance mechanism induced by biotic agents of B. pervariabilis × D. grandis against A. phaeospermum at the gene level. Transcriptome sequencing was performed by Illumina HiSeq 2000 in order to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of B. pervariabilis × D. grandis in response to different treatment conditions. In total, 201,875,606 clean reads were obtained, and the percentage of Q30 bases in each sample was more than 94.21%. There were 6398 DEGs in the D-J group (inoculation with a pathogenic spore suspension after three days of AP-toxin induction) compared to the S-J group (inoculation with a pathogenic spore suspension after inoculation of sterile water for three days) with 3297 up-regulated and 3101 down-regulated genes. For the D-S group (inoculation with sterile water after inoculation of AP-toxin for three days), there were 2032 DEGs in comparison to the S-S group (inoculation with sterile water only), with 1035 up-regulated genes and 997 down-regulated genes. These identified genes were mainly involved in lignin and phytoprotein synthesis, tetrapyrrole synthesis, redox reactions, photosynthesis, and other processes. The fluorescence quantitative results showed that 22 pairs of primer amplification products were up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated. The rate of similarity between these results and the sequencing results of the transcription group was 100%, which confirmed the authenticity of the transcriptome sequencing results. Redox proteins, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and S-adenosine-L-methionine synthetase, among others, were highly expressed; these results may indicate the level of disease resistance of the bamboo. These results provide a foundation for the further exploration of resistance genes and their functions.
Topics: Bambusa; China; Disease Resistance; Fungi; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Mycoses; Plant Proteins; Sasa; Toxins, Biological; Transcriptome; Xylariales
PubMed: 31639431
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144160 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2019In this study, TMT (tandem mass tag)-labeled quantitative protein technology combined with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) was used...
In this study, TMT (tandem mass tag)-labeled quantitative protein technology combined with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) was used to isolate and identify the proteins of the hybrid bamboo (Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis) and the bamboo inoculated with the pathogenic fungi Arthrinium phaeospermum. A total of 3320 unique peptide fragments were identified after inoculation with either A. phaeospermum or sterile water, and 1791 proteins were quantified. A total of 102 differentially expressed proteins were obtained, of which 66 differential proteins were upregulated and 36 downregulated in the treatment group. Annotation and enrichment analysis of these peptides and proteins using the GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases with bioinformatics software showed that the differentially expressed protein functional annotation items were mainly concentrated on biological processes and cell components. The LC-PRM/MS (liquid chromatography-parallel reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry) quantitative analysis technique was used to quantitatively analyze 11 differential candidate proteins obtained by TMT combined with LC-MS/MS. The up-down trend of 10 differential proteins in the PRM results was consistent with that of the TMT quantitative analysis. The coincidence rate of the two results was 91%, which confirmed the reliability of the proteomic results. Therefore, the differentially expressed proteins and signaling pathways discovered here may be the further concern for the bamboo-pathogen interaction studies.
Topics: Bambusa; China; Chromatography, Liquid; Computational Biology; Crosses, Genetic; Gene Ontology; Hydrolysis; Peptides; Plant Diseases; Proteome; Proteomics; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Up-Regulation; Water; Xylariales
PubMed: 31822726
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55229-0 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Sep 1996Arthrichitin (1), C(33)H(46)N(4)O(9), is a new cell wall active depsipeptide isolated from the fermentation broth of Arthrinium phaeospermum (HIL Y-903022). Its...
Arthrichitin (1), C(33)H(46)N(4)O(9), is a new cell wall active depsipeptide isolated from the fermentation broth of Arthrinium phaeospermum (HIL Y-903022). Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical degradation studies. Arthrichitin consists of serine, beta-keto tryptophan, glutamic acid, and 2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxydodecanoic acid units.
PubMed: 11667526
DOI: 10.1021/jo960769n -
Biotechnology Letters Feb 2009Plant growth-promoting endophytic fungi with gibberellin-producing ability were isolated from the roots of Carex kobomugi Ohwi, a common sand-dune plant, and bioassayed...
Plant growth-promoting endophytic fungi with gibberellin-producing ability were isolated from the roots of Carex kobomugi Ohwi, a common sand-dune plant, and bioassayed for plant growth-promotion. A new strain, Arthrinium phaeospermum KACC43901, promoted growth of waito-c rice and Atriplex gemelinii. Analysis of its culture filtrate showed the presence of bioactive GA(1) (0.5 ng/ml), GA(3) (8.8 ng/ml), GA(4) (4.7 ng/ml) and GA(7) (2.2 ng/ml) along with physiologically inactive GA(5) (0.4 ng/ml), GA(9) (0.6 ng/ml), GA(12) (0.4 ng/ml), GA(15) (0.4 ng/ml), GA(19) (0.9 ng/ml) and GA(24) (1.8 ng/ml). The fungal isolate was identified through sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA (internal transcribed region).
Topics: Ascomycota; Atriplex; Carex Plant; Gibberellins; Oryza; Plant Roots; Species Specificity
PubMed: 18931975
DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9862-7