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Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a rare invasive infection, involving both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Since the discovery of inherited immune...
Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a rare invasive infection, involving both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Since the discovery of inherited immune disorders such as the impairment of gene, extended dermatophyte infections are mostly ascribed to any of these host factors. This study is to present and explore the potential causes in a fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma patient. We present a chronic and deep pseudomycetoma caused by the common dermatophyte which ultimately led to the death of the patient. Mycological examination, genetic studies and host immune responses against fungi were performed to explore the potential factors. The patient had decreased lymphocyte counts with significantly reduced CD4 T cells, although all currently known genetic parameters proved to be normal. Through functional studies, we demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient showed severe impairment of adaptive cytokine production upon fungus-specific stimulation, whereas innate immune responses were partially defective. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia, which highlights the importance of screening for immune deficiencies in patients with deep dermatophytosis.
Topics: Humans; Dermatomycoses; Mycetoma; Female; Middle Aged; Microsporum; Fatal Outcome; Caspase 9; Receptors, Interleukin-7; Mutation; Rare Diseases; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 37128909
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2208685 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2019In a 2012-2014 epidemiological study of feline and canine dermatophytoses in Japan, we investigated the prevalence of fungi among 296 cats and 170 dogs treated at a... (Review)
Review
In a 2012-2014 epidemiological study of feline and canine dermatophytoses in Japan, we investigated the prevalence of fungi among 296 cats and 170 dogs treated at a veterinary clinic and 51 cats and dogs at an animal shelter at Fukui City in Japan. Microsporum canis was isolated from only one cat out of the 517 animals. Also, from 2012 to 2017, we analyzed isolates from 76 cats and 15 dogs with dermatophytoses at 14 veterinary clinics across 10 prefectures in Honshu and Shikoku. M. canis was the cause for 85 of the cases and Microsporum gypseum for the other six. M. canis infection routes in cats are thought to include stray cats as well as breeding facilities and pet shops, whereas for dogs, only breeding facilities and pet shops. Tinea was found in 18.7% (14/75) of the owners of these animals. We showed that microsatellite genotyping is useful for molecular epidemiological investigations such as determination of infection routes of M. canis.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Disease Reservoirs; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Japan; Microsporum; Prevalence; Time Factors; Tinea
PubMed: 31155570
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.19.001 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Oct 2021Tinea capitis is seen world-wide among children up to 12 years. The most severe type is Kerion Celsi with painful abscesses and lymphadenopathy. We report on an... (Review)
Review
Tinea capitis is seen world-wide among children up to 12 years. The most severe type is Kerion Celsi with painful abscesses and lymphadenopathy. We report on an 11-year-old boy with Kerion Celsi, who was initially treated using antibiotics under the common misdiagnosis of a bacterial infection. Mycological investigations could identify Microsporum canis. The patient was treated orally with griseofulvin, which resulted in complete mycological remission after 8 weeks. Cicatrical alopecia, however, could not be prevented. Purulent infections of the scalp should lead to early mycological diagnostics in children.
Topics: Alopecia; Antifungal Agents; Child; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Scalp; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 33884438
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04817-1 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Nov 2023
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The New England Journal of Medicine Nov 2021
Topics: Child; Exanthema; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Scalp; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 34797615
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2108047 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Dec 2017
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microsporum; Mycelium; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 28642143
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.006 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Mar 2022Dermatophytes are the most common causes of cutaneous fungal diseases. Dermatophytosis is a common skin disorder in dogs and cats. Species identification of these fungi...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytes are the most common causes of cutaneous fungal diseases. Dermatophytosis is a common skin disorder in dogs and cats. Species identification of these fungi is important from a therapeutic and epidemiological aspect. Conventional methods used to identify dermatophyte species are often lengthy and may be inefficient in many circumstances. Recently broad varieties of several molecular DNA-based techniques were successfully utilised for species detection of dermatophytes.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine the molecular detection of dermatophyte isolates from canine and feline dermatophytosis in Mashhad, Iran.
METHODS
Thirty dermatophytes isolated from dogs and cats with skin lesions and one standard strain of Microsporum canis were cultured onto Mycosel agar, and then internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA was amplified using the universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4. PCR products were subjected to sequencing and sequence analysis.
RESULTS
Based on the sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region on all samples, all the studied strains were M. canis and their sexual stage (teleomorph) was Arthroderma otae.
CONCLUSIONS
Microsporum canis was the only species found among dogs and cats, and its high prevalence can increase the rate of transmission to humans. In practice, ITS-PCR, with sequence analysis, is a useful and reliable method to identify and differentiate various pathogenic species, and it can be used in clinical and epidemiological fields, even for the rapid diagnosis of dermatophyte species that are closely interrelated.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Iran; Microsporum; Tinea
PubMed: 34919354
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.698 -
Mycoses May 2021Tinea capitis remains a common public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Tinea capitis remains a common public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the changes of the predominant dermatophytes of tinea capitis in children in Hangzhou in recent 9 years.
METHODS
The age, gender and pathogen spectrum of 650 children with tinea capitis at the Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University from 2011 to 2019 were analysed, and the distribution of pathogens from 1998 to 2000 was compared.
RESULTS
Among the 650 cases, 340 cases (48.2%) were males and 310 cases (51.8%) were females. The main population infected with tinea capitis was children aged 0-10 years (620 cases, 95.4%). From 2011 to 2019, the predominant dermatophyte was changed from Trichophyton violaceum (2011) to Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (2012-2015) and later to Microsporum canis (2016-2019). In the past 9 years, M. canis (250 cases, 38.5%) was the most common dermatophyte and followed by T mentagrophytes complex (209 cases, 32.2%). The dermatophyte spectrum was statistically different between the years 2011 and 2019 (Chi square: χ = 69.75, P < .05), and the differences in anthropophilic and zoophilic pathogens between 1989-2000 and 2011-2019 were statistically significant (χ = 24.4, P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Research showed that children diagnosed with tinea capitis were mainly 0-10 years old. With age, the percentage of anthropophilic dermatophytes gradually increased, while the percentage of zoophilic dermatophytes decreased. M. canis was the predominant dermatophyte of tinea capitis in children, followed by T. mentagrophytes complex. The dermatophytes have shifted from anthropophilic to zoophilic dermatophytes in the past two decades.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microsporum; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33455042
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13243 -
Mycoses Jul 2020Arthroderma uncinatum is a geophilic dermatophyte that occasionally causes superficial infections in humans leading to skin diseases. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Arthroderma uncinatum is a geophilic dermatophyte that occasionally causes superficial infections in humans leading to skin diseases.
OBJECTIVES
To better understand the ecology and potential pathogenicity of A uncinatum, we analysed its whole genome. We compared A uncinatum with the genome of the zoophilic dermatophyte Microsporum canis and with the anthropophilic species Trichophyton rubrum. The compared species differ significantly in the frequency of human infection.
METHODS
We reported the genome sequence of strain T10 of A uncinatum based on SMRT (single-molecule real-time) technology (PacBio).
RESULTS
We obtained a near-complete 23.56 Mb genome, with 7153 predicted gene models and ~20% repetitive sequences. We subsequently determined the specific genetic differences between A uncinatum, M canis and T rubrum. The functional enrichment analysis suggests that A uncinatum is particularly enriched in specific virulence genes. This suggests that the ancestral condition in dermatophytes is with high virulence, which has decreased in the course of evolution to enhance coexistence with animal or human hosts.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Genome, Fungal; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Annotation
PubMed: 32191365
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13079 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2001During the 44th meeting of The Japanese Society for Medical Mycology in Nagasaki, 2000, a forum was held entitled Advances in Molecular Biology of Dermatophytes. Based... (Review)
Review
During the 44th meeting of The Japanese Society for Medical Mycology in Nagasaki, 2000, a forum was held entitled Advances in Molecular Biology of Dermatophytes. Based on the subject, target molecules and kind of approach, we selected seven presentations from over 100 of the poster abstracts. Six of them concerned identification and one concerned viability. Summaries of the 7 presentations are given in this article. Of presentations on the identification methods, 5 demonstrated their usefulness: 1) A sequence analysis of ITS 1 region in ribosomal DNA of several Microsporum species showed ITS 1 genospecies Arthroderma otae to be composed of A. otae, M. canis, M. equinum and M. audouinii. 2) RAPD may be useful for identifying isolates which are not clearly identifiable by conventional biological techniques. 3) Sequence analysis of CHS 1 was shown to be a rapid tool for species level identification of M. gypseum. 4) PCR-SSCP analysis was also useful for discrimination of dermatophytes with high reproducibility and sensitivity. 5) Strain identification of A. benhamiae isolates may be possible using RFLP analysis of NTS regions in ribosomal DNA. The other presentation concerning identification pointed out some important problems: RFLP of mitochondrial DNA and ITS sequencing of A. benhamiae showed that the results are sometimes in conflict with those obtained from biological techniques, or in some cases, between other molecular techniques. This implies that our concept of fungal species needs to be re-examined and perhaps amended. The presentation on viability introduced quantitative analysis of mRNA of ACT gene, a new application of a molecular technique. Since the mRNA expresses only in living cells, the method is highly useful as an indicator of fungal viability.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Cell Survival; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; RNA, Messenger; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
PubMed: 11331468
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.42.81