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Mycoses Aug 2020Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China mainland are limited.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of ATC in China from 2000 to 2019.
METHODS
We retrospectively analysed all ATC reported cases in China mainland, confirmed by mycological examination, by searching PubMed, Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI database.
RESULTS
In sum, 40 papers involving 269 clinical cases were included. The average morbidity of ATC was calculated as 9.04% after standardisation. The sex ratio is 1:5.2 (31 male, 163 female); 76 people between 18 and 44 age level and 137 people between 45 and 89 age level were diagnosed as ATC. Culture or ITS sequencing identified Trichophyton violaceum in 70 cases (35.2%), Microsporum canis in 42 cases (21.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte in 32 cases (16.1%), Trichophyton rubrum in 23 cases (11.5%), Microsporum gypseum in 18 cases (9.0%), Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 cases (3.0%), Trichophyton schoenleini in 4 cases (2.0%), Epidermophyton floccosum in 2 cases (1.0%), Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugineum in one case (0.5%). ATC was easily to be diagnosed as furfur, seborrhoeic dermatitis (13%) or pustular and dermatocellulitis (11.15%).Six immunocompromised persons were recorded (2.2%).
CONCLUSIONS
ATC mainly involves postmenopausal women. Trichophyton violaceum, M canis, T mentagrophyte remain the most common aetiological agent of ATC in China. Trichophyton rubrum own the much higher frequency in ATC than in children. For diversified clinical manifestations, recognising ATC profiles will help clinicians avoid misdiagnosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthrodermataceae; China; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Postmenopause; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tinea Capitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32395886
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13102 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Feb 1965
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Child; Dermatomycoses; Epidemiology; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea; Zoonoses
PubMed: 14261913
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1965.tb71656.x -
IDCases 2018
PubMed: 29988774
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00418 -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2018
Topics: Child, Preschool; Eyelashes; Female; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea
PubMed: 30343826
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.08.012 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2019Until recently, superficial dermatophytosis, also known as tinea, was considered as a minor skin infection, which was easy to treat. There used to be rare outbreaks and... (Review)
Review
Until recently, superficial dermatophytosis, also known as tinea, was considered as a minor skin infection, which was easy to treat. There used to be rare outbreaks and epidemics of superficial dermatophytosis. Lately, there is a sweeping change in the clinical presentation due to extensive, atypical and recalcitrant dermatophytosis. Treating such infections poses a great challenge to the clinicians. Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissue (skin, hairs and nails) by dermatophytes (fungus). It is caused by the three genera of dermatophytes: and . The conventional methods of laboratory diagnosis have now been substantiated by molecular characterization. Earlier epidemics were usually due to anthropophilic dermatophytes. Now, zoophilic dermatophytes are also responsible for many outbreaks and epidemics. We need to be equipped with the tools to face the current scenario, because this depends upon the competence of the staff working in the state-of-the-art laboratories, which is needed for the study of the epidemiology and appropriate treatment.
PubMed: 31849509
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S220849 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Communicable Diseases; Exanthema
PubMed: 36641238
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.11.008 -
Acta Pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia) Jun 2018Bigels with antifungal substances, ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride, were made of hydrogel (poloxamer 407 gel) and oleogel (polyethylene and liquid... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Bigels with antifungal substances, ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride, were made of hydrogel (poloxamer 407 gel) and oleogel (polyethylene and liquid paraffin mixture). Prepared bigels were found physically stable at room temperature for six months and at least four months at 40 °C. Released amount of drug decreased when oleogel concentration in the formulation increased. Release test results depended on the insertion place of active substances. The amount of released substance was highest when ciclopirox olamine was incorporated in both phases in an equal quantity, and terbinafine hydrochloride in oleogel or in hydrogel. All formulations showed great inhibition of Microsporum canis. Thus, bigels with ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride are a promising dosage form for topical use.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cats; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Ciclopirox; Dermatomycoses; Drug Liberation; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Hydrogels; Microsporum; Mineral Oil; Naphthalenes; Organic Chemicals; Poloxamer; Polyethylene; Pyridones; Terbinafine
PubMed: 29702483
DOI: 10.2478/acph-2018-0014 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Oct 2007The zoophilic dermatophyte species Microsporum canis belongs to the Arthroderma otae complex and is known to mate with tester strains of that teleomorph species, at...
The zoophilic dermatophyte species Microsporum canis belongs to the Arthroderma otae complex and is known to mate with tester strains of that teleomorph species, at least in the laboratory. Human infections are likely to be acquired from the fur of cats, dogs and horses. Epidemiological studies to reveal sources and routes of infection have been hampered by a lack of polymorphic molecular markers. Human cases mainly concern moderately inflammatory tinea corporis and tinea capitis, but, as cases of highly inflammatory ringworm are also observed, the question arises as to whether all lineages of M. canis are equally virulent to humans. In this study, two microsatellite markers were developed and used to analyse a global set of 101 M. canis strains to reveal patterns of genetic variation and dispersal. Using a Bayesian and a distance approach for structuring the M. canis samples, three populations could be distinguished, with evidence of recombination in one of them (III). This population contained 44 % of the animal isolates and only 9 % of the human strains. Population I, with strictly clonal reproduction (comprising a single multilocus genotype), contained 74 % of the global collection of strains from humans, but only 23 % of the animal strains. From these findings, it was concluded that population differentiation in M. canis is not allopatric, but rather is due to the emergence of a (virulent) genotype that has a high potential to infect the human host. Adaptation of genotypes resulting in a particular clinical manifestation was not evident. Furthermore, isolates from horses did not show a monophyletic clustering.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cats; Child; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Fungal; Dermatomycoses; Dogs; Genotype; Horses; Humans; Microsatellite Repeats; Microsporum; Molecular Epidemiology; Mycological Typing Techniques; Virulence
PubMed: 17893177
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47136-0 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Dermatophytoses represent a major health burden in animals and man. Zoophilic dermatophytes usually show a high specificity to their original animal host but a zoonotic...
Dermatophytoses represent a major health burden in animals and man. Zoophilic dermatophytes usually show a high specificity to their original animal host but a zoonotic transmission is increasingly recorded. In humans, these infections elicit highly inflammatory skin lesions requiring prolonged therapy even in the immunocompetent patient. The correct identification of the causative agent is often crucial to initiate a targeted and effective therapy. To that end, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) represents a promising tool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of species identification of zoophilic dermatophytes using MALDI-TOF MS. The investigation of isolates from veterinary clinical samples suspicious of dermatophytoses suggests a good MALDI-TOF MS based identification of the most common zoophilic dermatophyte spp. usually achieved scores only around the cutoff value for secure species identification because of a small number of reference spectra. Moreover, these results need to be interpreted with caution due to the close taxonomic relationship of dermatophytes being reflected in very similar spectra. In our study, the analysis of 50 clinical samples of hedgehogs revealed no correct identification using the provided databases, nor for zoophilic neither for geophilic causative agents. After DNA sequencing, adaptation of sample processing and an individual extension of the in-house database, acceptable identification scores were achieved ( and spp., respectively). A score-oriented distance dendrogram revealed clustering of geophilic isolates of four different species of the genus and underlined the close relationship of the important zoophilic agents and by forming a subclade within a larger cluster including different dermatophytes. Taken together, MALDI-TOF MS proofed suitable for the identification of zoophilic dermatophytes provided fresh cultures are used and the reference library was previously extended with spectra of laboratory-relevant species. Performing independent molecular methods, such as sequencing, is strongly recommended to substantiate the findings from morphologic and MALDI-TOF MS analyses, especially for uncommon causative agents.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Trichophyton
PubMed: 33996620
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.631681 -
The Journal of Dermatology May 2023
Topics: Animals; Wolves; Microsporum; Tinea
PubMed: 36606296
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16685