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Advanced Biomedical Research 2020Dermatomycoses contain superficial fungal infections of keratinized layers of the body such as skin, hair, and nail that affect more than 20%-25% of people and animals...
BACKGROUND
Dermatomycoses contain superficial fungal infections of keratinized layers of the body such as skin, hair, and nail that affect more than 20%-25% of people and animals worldwide. Some fungi can cause superficial infections in animals after accidental penetration and colonization on injured skin and can be transmitted to humans by exposure. The infection caused mainly by dermatophyte species and may also be caused rarely by yeasts and nondermatophytic molds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty-two skin scrapings and hair samples were collected from animals (sheep, cow, cat, camel, calf, goat, horse, and dog) in three specialized pet clinics and three livestock and slaughterhouses. The isolates were identified using direct microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction-sequencing of ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2 region.
RESULTS
Thirteen mold strains out of 82 clinical samples (15.8%) were isolated from animal lesions. ( = 4; 30.7%), ( = 2; 15.4%), ( = 2; 15.4%), ( = 1; 7.7%), ( = 1; 7.7%), ( = 1; 7.7%), ( = 1; 7.7%), and ( = 1; 7.7%) were isolated from clinical specimens.
CONCLUSION
Since opportunistic fungi are increasing as etiological agents of dermatomycoses, isolation of these molds from wounds can be a warning to veterinarians, and daily cleaning of wounds with a proper disinfectant is recommended for the prevention of fungal colonization.
PubMed: 32055538
DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_230_19 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2022Two pediatric cases of Microsporum canis infection that occurred in a cat breeder family and the isolation of dermatophytes from their 166 breeding cats are reported....
Two pediatric cases of Microsporum canis infection that occurred in a cat breeder family and the isolation of dermatophytes from their 166 breeding cats are reported. The patients were a 16-month-old girl and her 26-month-old sister who both had tinea capitis. Their family consisted of six members: the sisters, their great-grandmother, grandmother, grandfather, and mother. Except for the two sisters, the family had no history of skin lesions. The grandmother had been a cat breeder for 20 years. We tested the cats using the hairbrush technique, and 56 of the 158 cats (35%) tested were positive for M. canis. In particular, cultures performed from 4 cats developed M. canis colonies that grew densely from all spikes on the hairbrush. On the basis of observations of the cultures, cutaneous infection was suspected when five or more colonies grew on a single plate medium (9 cats), whereas growth of fewer colonies was thought to suggest saprophytic colonization on cat hair. M. canis is known to be highly transmittable among cats, but 65% of the cats investigated remained negative. It was thus considered possible to prevent further spread of infection by practicing basic infection control and improving the environment.
Topics: Female; Animals; Cats; Microsporum; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 36450566
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.22-00015 -
Mycoses 1992During a study of the epidemiology of Microsporum canis and closely related species, sub-specific variation was demonstrated within thirteen isolates of Microsporum...
During a study of the epidemiology of Microsporum canis and closely related species, sub-specific variation was demonstrated within thirteen isolates of Microsporum distortum based on the pattern of carbohydrate utilization. Strains from three continents could be differentiated by their utilization of trehalose and erythritol. Isolates from New Zealand yielded the same patterns as M. canis (Arthroderma otae (-)); examination of 120 isolates indicated that M. canis could not be biotyped by carbohydrate utilization, although limited variation had been noted. Examination of total native protein patterns by gel electrophoresis showed that variations existed within the M. distortum group; the much larger number of M. canis (A. otae (-)) strains had appeared to be homogenous.
Topics: Erythritol; Fungal Proteins; Microsporum; Mycological Typing Techniques; Trehalose
PubMed: 1474986
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1992.tb00835.x -
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Tinea; Microsporum; Erythema
PubMed: 38297941
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2023.4549 -
Dermatologic Therapy Sep 2021Although tinea capitis is common in children, but it is rare in newborns. It should be differentiated with neonatal lupus erythematosus, nummular eczema, psoriasis,... (Review)
Review
Although tinea capitis is common in children, but it is rare in newborns. It should be differentiated with neonatal lupus erythematosus, nummular eczema, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, erythema annular centrifugum, annular urticaria, and annular erythema of infancy. Tinea capitis usually needs oral antifungal therapy, but the data of use in newborn is limited. Here, we report a case of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis in a 23-day-old female newborn. The patient was given itraconazole oral solution pulse therapy with an excellent outcome. Itraconazole oral solution pulse therapy may be a promising therapy for tinea capitis in infants, especially in newborns.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Itraconazole; Microsporum; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 34327790
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15078 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2021Keratin is important and needed for the growth of dermatophytes in the host tissue. In turn, the ability to invade keratinised tissues is defined as a pivotal virulence...
Keratin is important and needed for the growth of dermatophytes in the host tissue. In turn, the ability to invade keratinised tissues is defined as a pivotal virulence attribute of this group of medically important fungi. The host-dermatophyte interaction is accompanied by an adaptation of fungal metabolism that allows them to adhere to the host tissue as well as utilize the available nutrients necessary for their survival and growth. Dermatophyte infections pose a significant epidemiological and clinical problem. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common anthropophilic dermatophyte worldwide and its typical infection areas include skin of hands or feet and nail plate. In turn, Microsporum canis is a zoophilic pathogen, and mostly well known for ringworm in pets, it is also known to infect humans. The aim of the study was to compare the intracellular metabolite content in the T. rubrum and M. canis during keratin degradation using liquid chromatography system coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). The metabolite "fingerprints" revealed compounds associated with amino acids metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism related to the glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), as well as nucleotide and energy metabolism. The metabolites such as kynurenic acid, L-alanine and cysteine in case of T. rubrum as well as cysteine and riboflavin in case of M. canis were detected only during keratin degradation what may suggest that these compounds may play a key role in the interactions of T. rubrum and M. canis with the host tissue. The metabolomic results were completed by qPCR gene expression assay. Our findings suggest that metabolomic analysis of T. rubrum and M. canis growing in culture media that mimic the dermatophyte infection could allow the understanding of processes involved in the pathogenesis of dermatophytes.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Chromatography, Liquid; Dermatomycoses; Keratins; Metabolomics; Microsporum; Skin; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tinea; Trichophyton
PubMed: 33597693
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83632-z -
British Medical Journal Nov 1957
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea
PubMed: 13472074
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5054.1159 -
Mykosen Jan 1970
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Reservoirs; Female; Finland; Humans; Infant; Male; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Seasons; Soil Microbiology; Tinea
PubMed: 5529661
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1970.tb01156.x -
Medical Mycology Journal 2023Control of infection caused by Microsporum canis in pet animals are important for prevention of zoonosis. Treatments for animal dermatophytosis have generally consisted...
Control of infection caused by Microsporum canis in pet animals are important for prevention of zoonosis. Treatments for animal dermatophytosis have generally consisted of itraconazole (ITZ) and terbinafine (TRF); however, a TRF-resistant M. canis strain from a case of feline dermatophytosis has been reported. In the present study, we examined the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of M. canis to new antifungal drugs, such as ravuconazole (RVZ) and luliconazole (LCZ). The results indicated that RVZ and LCZ are more effective than ITZ and TRF. Therefore, oral administration of RVZ or topical application of LCZ may serve as new treatment options.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Japan; Canidae; Itraconazole; Terbinafine; Tinea
PubMed: 36858629
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.22-00014 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2023Microsporum canis, a major causative agent of zoonotic dermatophytosis, has become prevalent in Japan. Molecular epidemiological surveys using multilocus microsatellite...
Microsporum canis, a major causative agent of zoonotic dermatophytosis, has become prevalent in Japan. Molecular epidemiological surveys using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT), a sensitive genotyping tool for fungi, have been conducted to reveal intraspecies polymorphisms of M. canis.The present study utilized MLMT optimized for Japanese strains of M. canis to analyze epidemic trends of fungal infection. Six individual loci were targeted; namely, MS1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Analysis of data from 1974 through 2022 identified 416 strains, which were sorted into 60 genotypes by MLMT.The major genotypes showed changes in dominance during this period-changes that may reflect historical increases and decreases in the numbers of patients infected with M. canis patients. The main origins of infection included animal breeders and pet stores, as well as stray cat communities. Forty-nine episodes of familial outbreaks and cohabitant animal infections were recorded, and genotypes responsible for each episode were determined. MLMT analysis is not only a robust tool to understand population structures, but likely the most suitable method for tracking M. canis infections.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Japan; Molecular Epidemiology; Microsporum; Canidae; Microsatellite Repeats
PubMed: 37648500
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.23-00003