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Mycopathologia Jan 2023We report infant zigzag hairs as a distinct trichoscopic sign for follow up a case of pet-related newborn tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis. Formation of infant...
We report infant zigzag hairs as a distinct trichoscopic sign for follow up a case of pet-related newborn tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis. Formation of infant zigzag hairs due to ectothrix M. canis infection may be associated soft neonatal widespread thin hair, which is different from vellus hair and terminal hair. In addition, tinea capitis was further confirmed by transmission electric microscopy and fungal culture. The patient was successfully treated by weekly oral fluconazole (8 mg/kg). Therefore, the handheld dermoscopy is a simple, non-invasive and very inexpensive technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of tinea capitis, especially for infant.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Follow-Up Studies; Dermoscopy; Tinea Capitis; Microsporum; Hair; Early Diagnosis
PubMed: 36652037
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00709-1 -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... Nov 2021
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; Ketoconazole; Microsporum; Photochemotherapy; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 34080248
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12706 -
Mycopathologia Oct 2023Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection in children, but it is rare in newborns. We report a case of a 3-week-old infant presenting with scalp annular erythema. She...
Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection in children, but it is rare in newborns. We report a case of a 3-week-old infant presenting with scalp annular erythema. She had a history of wearing a woolen hat one week before the disease onset. Wood's lamp and dermoscopic findings favoured the diagnosis of tinea capitis. Further examinations of her scalp, including direct KOH examination and fungal culture confirmed the diagnosis of tinea capitis caused by treatment with oral griseofulvin was effective. Neonatal tinea capitis is often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and atypical presentation. A thorough history (including the contacting history of clothes made of animal fur), physical examination and further mycological examinations are required for diagnosis. Griseofulvin, itraconazole and fluconazole have been reported to be effective drugs for the treatment of children tinea capitis. Liver enzymes should be regularly monitored during the period of using antifungal agents.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Child; Infant; Female; Griseofulvin; Wool Fiber; Tinea Capitis; Antifungal Agents; Microsporum
PubMed: 36646941
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00699-6 -
Veterinary Dermatology Jun 2021Veterinary textbooks and literature suggest that exposure to light is inhibitory to growth of clinical dermatophyte isolates.
BACKGROUND
Veterinary textbooks and literature suggest that exposure to light is inhibitory to growth of clinical dermatophyte isolates.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
We hypothesized that this idea was derived from experiments that examined the effect of high doses of ultraviolet and visible light exposure on dermatophyte growth, and that exposure to typical room lighting would not adversely affect dermatophyte growth rate.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Isolates of common veterinary dermatophytes (three each of Microsporum canis, Nannizia gypsea and Trichophyton benhamiae) were exposed to typical fluorescent room lighting, incubated in a closed drawer, or exposed at close range to fluorescent wide-spectrum light. Dermatophytes were grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM). Colony diameter was measured and growth rate (expressed as colony diameter increase mm/day) calculated at the linear portion of the culture growth curve. Statistical analyses compared growth rates across the various incubation conditions and among dermatophyte isolates.
RESULTS
There was little difference in growth rate between cultures incubated under typical fluorescent room lighting and those placed in the dark. Exposure to the close-range light increased growth rate as a consequence of the elevated incubation temperature created by the lamp. Significant differences in growth rate were noted among strains of the same dermatophyte species. Dermatophytes grew more rapidly on SAB than DTM agar.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Exposure to typical lighting conditions in a clinical environment does not inhibit growth of dermatophyte colonies. Veterinary clinicians may conduct routine dermatophyte cultures without incubating them in the dark.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Dermatomycoses; Microsporum; Trichophyton
PubMed: 33783884
DOI: 10.1111/vde.12945 -
Journal of Veterinary Science Jan 2021is a zoonotic disease that can cause dermatophytosis in animals and humans.
BACKGROUND
is a zoonotic disease that can cause dermatophytosis in animals and humans.
OBJECTIVES
In clinical practice, ketoconazole (KTZ) and other imidazole drugs are commonly used to treat infection, but its molecular mechanism is not completely understood. The antifungal mechanism of KTZ needs to be studied in detail.
METHODS
In this study, one strain of fungi was isolated from a canine suffering with clinical dermatosis and confirmed as by morphological observation and sequencing analysis. The clinically isolated was treated with KTZ and transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in exposed to KTZ compared with those unexposed thereto.
RESULTS
At half-inhibitory concentration (½MIC), compared with the control group, 453 genes were significantly up-regulated and 326 genes were significantly down-regulated ( < 0.05). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the transcriptome results of RNA sequencing. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the 3 pathways of RNA polymerase, steroid biosynthesis, and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes are closely related to the antifungal mechanism of KTZ.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicated that KTZ may change cell membrane permeability, destroy the cell wall, and inhibit mitosis and transcriptional regulation through CYP51, SQL, ERG6, ATM, ABCB1, SC, KER33, RPA1, and RNP genes in the 3 pathways. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the effective control of infection and the effect of KTZ on fungi.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gene Expression Profiling; Ketoconazole; Microsporum; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33522156
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e4 -
PloS One 2011The HET-s prion-forming domain from the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina is gaining considerable interest since it yielded the first well-defined atomic structure...
The HET-s prion-forming domain from the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina is gaining considerable interest since it yielded the first well-defined atomic structure of a functional amyloid fibril. This structure has been identified as a left-handed beta solenoid with a triangular hydrophobic core. To delineate the origins of the HET-s prion-forming protein and to discover other amyloid-forming proteins, we searched for all homologs of the HET-s protein in a database of protein domains and fungal genomes, using a combined application of HMM, psi-blast and pGenThreader techniques, and performed a comparative evolutionary analysis of the N-terminal alpha-helical domain and the C-terminal prion-forming domain of HET-s. By assessing the tandem evolution of both domains, we observed that the prion-forming domain is restricted to Sordariomycetes, with a marginal additional sequence homolog in Arthroderma otae as a likely case of horizontal transfer. This suggests innovation and rapid evolution of the solenoid fold in the Sordariomycetes clade. In contrast, the N-terminal domain evolves at a slower rate (in Sordariomycetes) and spans many diverse clades of fungi. We performed a full three-dimensional protein threading analysis on all identified HET-s homologs against the HET-s solenoid fold, and present detailed structural annotations for identified structural homologs to the prion-forming domain. An analysis of the physicochemical characteristics in our set of structural models indicates that the HET-s solenoid shape can be readily adopted in these homologs, but that they are all less optimized for fibril formation than the P. anserina HET-s sequence itself, due chiefly to the presence of fewer asparagine ladders and salt bridges. Our combined structural and evolutionary analysis suggests that the HET-s shape has "limited scope" for amyloidosis across the wider protein universe, compared to the 'generic' left-handed beta helix. We discuss the implications of our findings on future identification of amyloid-forming proteins sharing the solenoid fold.
Topics: Amyloid; Evolution, Molecular; Fungal Proteins; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Phylogeny; Podospora; Prions; Protein Structure, Tertiary
PubMed: 22096554
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027342 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Aug 2020The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic concordance between the toothbrush and carpet techniques for the detection of in cats in a field study. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic concordance between the toothbrush and carpet techniques for the detection of in cats in a field study.
METHODS
Thirty-nine Persian cats from a cattery were used. Fungal culture samples from the haircoat of each cat were collected by stroking the coat with a sterile toothbrush and a 5 × 5 cm-sized sterile carpet square (n = 78 total samples). Specimens were inoculated onto Mycosel Agar and incubated at 25°C for 21 days. Both techniques were compared using the following parameters: number of plates without fungal growth, number of plates with contaminant growth and number of plates positive for dermatophytes.
RESULTS
The feline population in the study cattery was 39. Thirty (77%) were symptomatic and nine (23%) asymptomatic. The diagnosis was made via carpet and toothbrush methods and 78 cultures were performed. On day 21, was detected in all culture plates. No contaminant molds were observed.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The concordance rate between the carpet and toothbrush techniques among the 78 evaluable culture plates was 100%. Both methods are equally effective for collecting material for culture. Additionally, both techniques are inexpensive and easy to perform in feline clinical practice.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Culture Techniques; Dermatomycoses; Microsporum
PubMed: 31592711
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X19880632 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Mar 2022
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Child, Preschool; Dermatomycoses; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Griseofulvin; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 34674295
DOI: 10.1111/ced.14991 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2020Species identification of dermatophytes by conventional mycological methods based on macro- and microscopy analysis is time-consuming and has a lot of limitations such...
Species identification of dermatophytes by conventional mycological methods based on macro- and microscopy analysis is time-consuming and has a lot of limitations such as slow fungal growth or low specificity. Thus, there is a need for the development of molecular methods that would provide reliable and prompt identification of this group of medically important fungi. The are many reports in the literature concerning PCR identification of dermatophyte species, but still, there are not many PCR assays for the separate detection of members of the genera Microsporum, especially Microsporum canis (zoophilic species) and Microsporum audouinii (anthropophilic species). The correct distinction of these species is important to determine the source of infection to implement the appropriate action to eliminate the path of infection transmission. In this paper, we present such a PCR-based method targeting velB gene that uses a set of two primers-Mc-VelB-F (5'-CTTCCCCACCCGCAACATC-3') and Mc-VelB-R (5'-TGTGGCTGCACCTGAGAGTGG-3'). The amplified fragment is specific due to the presence of (CAGCAC) microsatellite sequence only in the velB gene of M. canis. DNA from 153 fungal samples was used in PCR assay followed by electrophoretic analysis. The specificity of the designed set of primers was also confirmed using the online BLAST-Primer tool. The positive results were observed only in the case of M. canis isolates, and no positive results were obtained neither for other dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte fungi nor for other Eukaryotes, including the human genome sequence, as well as the representatives of bacterial and viral taxa. The developed PCR assay using the proposed Mc-VelB-F and Mc-velB-R primers can be included in the algorithm of M. canis detection in animals and humans.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Fungal; Dermatomycoses; Fungal Proteins; Humans; Microsporum; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32696419
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00340-y -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jun 2018A 2-year-old, exotic shorthair cat presented with baldness and mild scaling on trunk that was confirmed as Microsporum canis (M. canis) infection by the following...
A 2-year-old, exotic shorthair cat presented with baldness and mild scaling on trunk that was confirmed as Microsporum canis (M. canis) infection by the following methods. Wood's lamp and trichogram were used to demonstrate fungal elements suggestive of dermatophytosis consistent with M. canis. Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for identification. E-test and broth microdilution test were then utilized to estimate antifungal minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) towards ITZ and TRF respectively. The strain was isolated from the patient and revealed TRF MIC >32 µg/ml and ITZ MIC 0.023 µg/ml. Patient was cured of dermatophytosis with systemic ITZ.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Microsporum; Naphthalenes; Terbinafine
PubMed: 29657238
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0680