-
Veterinarni Medicina Jul 2023Optimising diagnostic methods in shelters so that they are as economical as possible for the shelter is especially important because shelters often have...
Optimising diagnostic methods in shelters so that they are as economical as possible for the shelter is especially important because shelters often have a significant lack of funds and so usually do not carry out preventive screening of cats. Dermatophyte fungi spread quickly and can infect shelter staff. The aim of our work was to identify the occurrence of in shelter cats. It aimed to determine the prevalence of in cats at the selected shelter and compare the efficiency of detection using a Wood's lamp and culturing on Sabouraud's agar. All cats present in the shelter at the time of the study ( = 70) were examined with Wood's lamp and hair sampling followed by subsequent culturing on Sabouraud's agar. Identification of fungi was based on microscopic proof of macroconidia and microconidia. The prevalence of by diagnosis on Sabouraud's agar was 64.29% of cats, with the help of Wood's lamp 48.57% of cats showed positive fluorescence. The sensitivity of the Wood lamp examination was 71% and the specificity was 92%. Our study suggests that Wood's lamp could be used by trained shelter personnel for the first examination of cats at reception and could significantly reduce the risk of spreading in shelters.
PubMed: 37982054
DOI: 10.17221/32/2023-VETMED -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Most inflammatory dermatophytoses in humans are caused by zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. Knowledge of the epidemiology of these fungi in animals facilitates the...
Most inflammatory dermatophytoses in humans are caused by zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. Knowledge of the epidemiology of these fungi in animals facilitates the prevention of dermatophytosis of animal origin in humans. We studied the prevalence of dermatophyte species in domestic animals in Switzerland and examined the effectiveness of direct mycological examination (DME) for their detection compared to mycological cultures. In total, 3515 hair and skin samples, collected between 2008 and 2022 by practicing veterinarians, were subjected to direct fluorescence microscopy and fungal culture. Overall, 611 dermatophytes were isolated, of which 547 (89.5%) were from DME-positive samples. Cats and dogs were the main reservoirs of and , whereas was predominantly found in guinea pigs. Cultures with significantly ( < 0.001) outnumbered those with in DME-negative samples (19.3% versus 6.8%), possibly because can be asymptomatic in cats and dogs, unlike , which is always infectious. Our data confirm DME as a reliable, quick, and easy method to identify the presence of dermatophytes in animals. A positive DME in an animal hair or skin sample should alert people in contact with the animal to the risk of contracting dermatophytosis.
PubMed: 36836366
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020253 -
The Veterinary Record Nov 2020Since the epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytosis might evolve in response to chronological, sociological and ecological factors, the authors studied the...
BACKGROUND
Since the epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytosis might evolve in response to chronological, sociological and ecological factors, the authors studied the occurrence of dermatophyte pathogens over 27 years subsequent to the last major UK survey.
METHODS
Dermatophyte culture submission records from dogs and cats to the Royal Veterinary College Diagnostic Laboratory in England between 1991 and 2017 were reviewed. Samples were routinely cultured aerobically at 26°C for up to four weeks on Sabouraud's dextrose agar containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol; dermatophytes were identified using conventional phenotypic methods.
RESULTS
Proportional isolation from cats (15.9 per cent of 1389) exceeded that of dogs (8.1 per cent of 2193) (P<0.001). Together, and accounted for 91.9 per cent (n=203) and 80.2 per cent (n=142) of isolations from cats and dogs, respectively. was more frequently (P<0.001) isolated from cats and dogs under two years of age. Dermatophytes were more frequent (P≤0.001) in samples from first-opinion rather than referral practice, and from Jack Russell and Yorkshire terriers and from Persian and chinchilla cats (P≤0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
and remain the most common agents of canine and feline dermatophytosis in the South of England; continued clinical vigilance is required.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Microsporum; Pedigree; Seasons; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom
PubMed: 32958545
DOI: 10.1136/vr.105957 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Apr 2021Dermatophyte infections are the most common fungal infections in humans; among them, tinea capitis (TC) - the most contagious fungal infection - is caused by...
Dermatophyte infections are the most common fungal infections in humans; among them, tinea capitis (TC) - the most contagious fungal infection - is caused by anthropophilic, zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the different aetiological variants involved in TC and the overall epidemiology of the causes of this infection in the last two decades. We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase databases for articles published from July 2000 to August 2019 using the following search terms: 'Tinea capitis', 'Africa', 'America', 'Asia', 'Europe', 'Oceania', and the names of the countries on each continent. The flow of information through the different phases in this systematic review was depicted using a PRISMA flow diagram, which mapped the number of records identified, included and excluded, and the reasons for exclusion. Our findings indicate that the frequency of different aetiologic agents of TC in the reported studies varied globally, from 0.4-87.7% in Africa, 0.2-74.0% in North America, 0.0-91.2% in Eastern Asia, 0.0-69.0% in Eastern Europe and 2.9-86.4% in Oceania. Microsporum canis is the most frequent reported zoophilic agent worldwide, while Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton tonsurans are the predominant anthropophilic agents. Over time, the frequency of these latter fungal infections has increased globally, and these fungi have become the major species globally. Anthropophilic transmission - the most prevalent type of transmission - could be explained by two factors: (i) the socioeconomic status of affected countries and population groups with associated risk factors and (ii) movement of populations importing new causes of infection to areas where they had not been encountered previously. We observed that intercontinental migration and travel; globalization; environmental, climatic and ecological changes; and accelerated evolution of health technologies may influence the observed epidemiological changes and, consequently, contributed to the variations in the global status of TC.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Asia; Europe; Europe, Eastern; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 32976663
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16951 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Aug 2016Tinea capitis is the most common type of dermatomycosis in children. Its pathogen profile shows geographic variations as well as temporal shifts.
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis is the most common type of dermatomycosis in children. Its pathogen profile shows geographic variations as well as temporal shifts.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data from 150 patients with mycologically confirmed tinea capitis treated at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, between 1990 and 2014 were analyzed with respect to gender, age, and pathogen spectrum. Two time periods, each 12.5 years long, were compared.
RESULTS
Although tinea capitis was most frequently diagnosed in children between the ages of 0 and 5, the percentage of adults (16 %) was higher than previously reported. The zoophilic dermatophyte Microsporum canis was most frequently identified as the causative agent of tinea capitis. However, there was a rise in infections caused by the anthropophilic fungi Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton rubrum, and also a trend towards a lower percentage of zoophilic versus anthropophilic pathogens. Over the course of time, we observed an increase in the diversity of the pathogen spectrum. Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton soudanense, the Trichophyton anamorph of Arthroderma benhamiae, Trichophyton schoenleinii, and Microsporum audouinii were isolated either for the first time or for the first time after a long hiatus.
CONCLUSIONS
Although Microsporum canis infections still predominate, there has been an increase in anthropophilic pathogens. Given the unexpectedly high percentage of adults, tinea capitis should be included in the differential diagnostic considerations in all age groups.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Child; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 27509419
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12885 -
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2013
PubMed: 24910754
DOI: No ID Found -
Mycoses 1998Clinical isolates of Microsporum canis and M. gypseum from humans, dogs and cats were examined by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Southern...
Clinical isolates of Microsporum canis and M. gypseum from humans, dogs and cats were examined by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Southern hybridization analyses. The RAPD band patterns of six clinical isolates of M. canis were identical to those of standard strains of Arthroderma otae. Of nine clinical isolates of M. gypseum seven and two isolates showed RAPD patterns identical to those of standard strains of A. gypseum and A. incurvatum respectively. Southern blot analysis using a probe (C3) obtained from A. otae DNA revealed that six clinical isolates of M. canis showed specific bands identical to those detected in the standard strains of A. otae. Of nine clinical isolates of M. gypseum, seven and two isolates showed bands hybridized by the C3 probe identical to those detected in A. gypseum and A. incurvatum respectively. Furthermore, the results from mating experiments on these nine clinical isolates of M. gypseum showed complete agreement with the results from RAPD and Southern hybridization analyses. These findings clearly indicate that RAPD and Southern hybridization analyses are very useful in the identification of clinical isolates of M. canis and M. gypseum.
Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Blotting, Southern; Cats; Crosses, Genetic; DNA, Fungal; Dermatomycoses; Dogs; Humans; Microsporum; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
PubMed: 9670766
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00315.x -
Mycoses Aug 2014Microsporum canis is a zoophilic fungus and it is an important agent of dermatophytosis. Cats act as important reservoirs. Clinically, it is too difficult to...
Microsporum canis is a zoophilic fungus and it is an important agent of dermatophytosis. Cats act as important reservoirs. Clinically, it is too difficult to differentiate dermatophytosis caused by various species, also this fungus loses its morphological characteristics easily because of subculture; so using of rapid and accurate laboratory techniques for identifying the dermatophytes is important, therefore, RAPD-PCR was applied for the differentiation of the isolates. In this study, 10 M. canis isolates were detected in cats, dog, human, fox and rabbit at the Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. For running the RAPD-PCR, PCR set system and three random primers OPU 15, OPU 13 and OPA 04 were used. Then phylogenetic tree and similarity coefficient table were drawn. The results showed that there were some common bands between M. canis isolates. There were some specific bands for each isolates, as well. Our study showed, despite the typical morphology of the whole isolates, they were placed in different branches in molecular typing.
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cats; Cluster Analysis; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Fungal; Dermatomycoses; Dogs; Foxes; Genotype; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microsporum; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rabbits
PubMed: 24635009
DOI: 10.1111/myc.12189 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Mar 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Antifungal Agents; Dermoscopy; Microsporum; Tinea; Hair
PubMed: 36763715
DOI: 10.1093/ced/llac087 -
Mycoses Jun 2024Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem.
BACKGROUND
Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the epidemiologic features and efficacy of different treatment schemes from real-world experience.
METHODS
From 2019 to 2021, 316 patients diagnosed with kerion at 32 tertiary Chinese hospitals were enrolled. We analysed the data of each patient, including clinical characteristics, causative pathogens, treatments and outcomes.
RESULTS
Preschool children were predominantly affected and were more likely to have zoophilic infection. The most common pathogen in China was Microsporum canis. Atopic dermatitis (AD), animal contact, endothrix infection and geophilic pathogens were linked with kerion occurrence. In terms of treatment, itraconazole was the most applied antifungal agent and reduced the time to mycological cure. A total of 22.5% of patients received systemic glucocorticoids simultaneously, which reduced the time to complete symptom relief. Furthermore, glucocorticoids combined with itraconazole had better treatment efficacy, with a higher rate and shorter time to achieving mycological cure.
CONCLUSIONS
Kerion often affects preschoolers and leads to serious sequelae, with AD, animal contact, and endothrix infection as potential risk factors. Glucocorticoids, especially those combined with itraconazole, had better treatment efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Antifungal Agents; Male; Female; Tinea Capitis; Itraconazole; China; Microsporum; Child; Infant; Glucocorticoids; Treatment Outcome; Dermatitis, Atopic; Risk Factors; Adolescent; Adult; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38825584
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13751