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Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Sep 2018We report on a tinea faciei caused by Nannizzia (N.) persicolor. The 4‑year-old boy had probably been infected by a guinea pig. Unambiguous infections caused by...
We report on a tinea faciei caused by Nannizzia (N.) persicolor. The 4‑year-old boy had probably been infected by a guinea pig. Unambiguous infections caused by N. persicolor are rarely seen in Germany; however, this zoophilic and geophilic dermatophyte may only be rarely identified due to its resemblance to Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes. Therefore, the diagnostic attributes of N. persicolor and its differentiation from T. mentagrophytes are described. Particularly in case of contact with rodents, N. persicolor should be kept in mind.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Dermatomycoses; Germany; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Tinea; Trichophyton; Zoonoses
PubMed: 29468277
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4136-3 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Aug 2019The basis for effective treatment of any dermatomycosis is the correct and timely identification of the pathogen, which allows the targeted choice of the most suitable... (Review)
Review
The basis for effective treatment of any dermatomycosis is the correct and timely identification of the pathogen, which allows the targeted choice of the most suitable antimycotic and is important for the prevention of repeated infections. In recent years, infections with dermatophytes seem to have increased. In fact, from 2007 to 2018, there was an increase in the number of samples processed in the Mycology Laboratory of the Department of Dermatology at the University Hospital Jena. The most common isolated dermatophytes between 2007 and 2018 were Trichophyton (T.) rubrum, T. interdigitale, Microsporum (M.) canis and T. benhamiae. However, dermatophytoses may also be caused by rare anthropophilic agents such as Epidermophyton floccosum, zoophiles such as T. verrucosum, T. quinckeanum or Nannizzia (N.) persicolor as well as by geophiles such as N. gypsea. Therefore, these dermatophytes should at least be known, so that in case of unusual observations investigations can be performed accordingly. Changes in the pathogen spectrum of dermatophytoses have taken place over time and it is expected that the occurrence of dermatophytes will be subject of continuous fluctuations, which may mean that the incidence of some of these "rare" dermatophytes, as described here in five clinical examples, may be changing.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Dermatomycoses; Epidermophyton; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea; Trichophyton
PubMed: 31139861
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-019-4429-1 -
Mycopathologia Feb 2020Phylogenetic studies of the family Arthrodermataceae have revealed seven monophyletic dermatophyte clades representing the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton,...
Phylogenetic studies of the family Arthrodermataceae have revealed seven monophyletic dermatophyte clades representing the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Nannizzia, Lophophyton, Paraphyton, Microsporum, and Arthroderma. Members of the genus Nannizzia are geo- or zoophiles that occasionally infect humans. With the newly proposed taxonomy, the genus Nannizzia comprises thirteen species, i.e., Nannizzia aenigmatica, N. corniculata, N. duboisii, N. fulva, N. graeserae, N. gypsea, N. nana, N. incurvata, N. perplicata, N. persicolor, N. praecox, and two novel species. Nannizzia polymorpha sp. nov. was isolated from a skin lesion of a patient from French Guiana. For the strain originally described as Microsporum racemosum by Borelli in 1965, we proposed Nannizzia lorica nom. nov. The species are fully characterized with five sequenced loci (ITS, LSU, TUB2, RP 60S L1 and TEF3), combined with morphology of the asexual form and physiological features. A key to the species based on phenotypic and physiological characters is provided.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Epidermophyton; Microsporum; Phylogeny; Trichophyton
PubMed: 30976955
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00336-9 -
Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Jun 2023During the coronavirus pandemic, significantly more pets were probably bought and kept. This study focuses on whether more zoophilic dermatophytes have subsequently been...
During the coronavirus pandemic, significantly more pets were probably bought and kept. This study focuses on whether more zoophilic dermatophytes have subsequently been isolated and which species predominate. In the 1‑year period from March 2020 through February 2021, all zoophilic dermatophytes from all submissions to the Mölbis laboratory were recorded. Both the cultural and the molecular evidence of fungal detection from skin scrapings, hair roots, and, in single cases, from nails, were considered. For dermatophyte DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) detection, an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used. In distinct cases, identification of dermatophytes was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA, and of the gene of the translation elongation factor (TEF)-1α. In 579 (2.56%) of 22,575 samples studied in the year 2020/2021, zoophilic dermatophytes were detectable with PCR-ELISA and/or by cultivation. In comparison, the proportion of zoophilic dermatophytes was 2.03% in the 1‑year period 2014/2015, and only 1.6% in 2018/2019. The 579 zoophilic dermatophytes were identified as follows: Trichophyton (T.) benhamiae 186 (32.1%), T. mentagrophytes 173 (29.9%), T. quinckeanum 110 (19.0%), Microsporum (M.) canis 78 (13.5%), T. verrucosum 22 (3.8%), Nannizzia (N.) persicolor 8 (1.4%), T. erinacei 1 (0.2%), and T. equinum 1 (0.2%). T. benhamiae had the highest prevalence from June to September 2020, then again in December. T. quinckeanum is associated with a sharp increase in the mice population in Germany in 2020; a significant increase was found in the months September 2020 to January 2021. T. mentagrophytes had a conspicuous peak in September. Compered with that M. canis in November. Up to 50% of the dermatophytoses caused by T. mentagrophytes, T. quinckeanum, and M. canis affected children and adolescents, while in the case of T. benhamiae it was as much as two thirds. Tinea corporis was the most common, followed by tinea faciei and tinea capitis. M. canis infections affected the capillitium more frequently than the face. Zoophilic dermatophytes were increasingly isolated during the coronavirus pandemic in Germany when compared to previous year periods. In first place, the dermatophyte T. benhamiae from guinea pigs was found in children and adolescents. A significant proportion of dermatophytoses concerned adults. T. quinckeanum is an emerging pathogen in Germany with unprecedented high infection rates in 2020.
Topics: Animals; Guinea Pigs; Mice; Arthrodermataceae; Dermatomycoses; Coronavirus; Pandemics; Tinea; Coronavirus Infections; Germany; Canidae
PubMed: 37133787
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05150-5 -
Mycopathologia Et Mycologia Applicata Mar 1970
Topics: Adult; Humans; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 5416079
DOI: 10.1007/BF02128664 -
Mycopathologia Feb 1975Using the method of thin-layer chromatography there were investigated the chloroform extracts of 30 dermatophyte mycelia. It was found the presence of aflatoxin-like...
Using the method of thin-layer chromatography there were investigated the chloroform extracts of 30 dermatophyte mycelia. It was found the presence of aflatoxin-like compounds in six mycelium extracts only, which chromatograms showed the equal Rf and the colour of the strains to the strains to the standard aflatoxin extract of bruished peanuts grain Rossetti. Those six mycelia were: Epidermophyton floccosum, Nannizzia fulva, N. persicolor, Arthroderma gloriae, Trichophyton concentricum and T. Gallinae.
Topics: Aflatoxins; Arthrodermataceae; Ascomycota; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Epidermophyton; Microsporum; Trichophyton
PubMed: 1170494
DOI: 10.1007/BF00467086 -
Mycopathologia 1995Thirty-eight strains of 12 Microsporum and 10 Arthroderma (Nannizzia) species were investigated by analysis of mitochondrial DNA with 6 restriction enzymes, and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Thirty-eight strains of 12 Microsporum and 10 Arthroderma (Nannizzia) species were investigated by analysis of mitochondrial DNA with 6 restriction enzymes, and classified into 13 genetic groups. The phylogenetic tree of the 13 groups thus established was constructed. On the tree, M. audouinii, M. langeronii, M. rivalieri, M. distortum, M. equinum, M. ferrugineum and A. otae comprise one genetic group and are suggested to be the same species. A. gypseum, A. fulvum, M. duboisii, M. ripariae, A. incurvatum, A. persicolor and A. obtusum are clustered on one of five boughs of the tree indicating their close relation. A. racemosum and A. cajetani are also closely related.
Topics: Ascomycota; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Mitochondrial; Microsporum; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
PubMed: 7666922
DOI: 10.1007/BF01104344 -
International Journal of Dermatology Apr 2003A study was conducted to determine the chief agents of superficial mycoses in Malta. Data were collected over a 5-year period from mycologic investigations carried out...
BACKGROUND
A study was conducted to determine the chief agents of superficial mycoses in Malta. Data were collected over a 5-year period from mycologic investigations carried out on all dermatologic specimens sent to the Mycology Laboratory at St. Luke's Hospital in Malta.
METHODS
In the period between January 1995 and December 1999, a total of 1271 specimens from skin, nails, or hair were collected from 1200 clinically suspected cases of dermatomycoses.
RESULTS
The fungi cultivated included dermatophytes (n = 371), yeasts (n = 33), and nondermatophyte filamentous fungi (n = 12). Trichophyton rubrum (n = 121) was the most prevalent, followed by Microsporum canis (n = 109), T. mentagrophytes (n = 80), M. gypseum (n = 27), Epidermophyton floccosum (n = 17), T. soudanense (n = 10), T. tonsurans (n = 2), T. verrucosum (n = 2), M. persicolor (n = 1), and T. violaceum (n = 1). Candida species were also cultivated, with C. parapsilosis (n = 14) being the most common, followed by C. albicans (n = 12) and C. tropicalis (n = 6). Nondermatophyte filamentous fungi were isolated from nail specimens only.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, superficial fungal infections were reported more commonly in female (n = 207) than in male (n = 182) patients. M. canis was the chief agent of tinea capitis and tinea corporis, whilst T. rubrum was the main causative agent of tinea pedis, tinea manuum, and tinea unguium. Onychomycosis due to Candida species was more common in female than in male patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthrodermataceae; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatomycoses; Female; Fungi; Humans; Infant; Male; Malta; Middle Aged; Yeasts
PubMed: 12694490
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01789.x -
Medical Mycology Jul 2013In this study we evaluated the suitability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of...
In this study we evaluated the suitability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of dermatophytes in diagnostic laboratories. First, a spectral database was built with 108 reference strains belonging to 18 species of the anamorphic genera Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. All strains were well characterized by morphological criteria and ITS sequencing (gold standard). The dendrogram resulting from MALDI-TOF mass spectra was almost identical with the phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequencing. Subsequently, MALDI-TOF MS SuperSpectra were created for the identification of Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporium audouinii, M. canis, M. gypseum (teleomorph: Arthroderma gypseum), M. gypseum (teleomorph: A. incurvatum), M. persicolor, A. benhamiae (Tax. Entity 3 and Am-Eur. race), T. erinacei, T. interdigitale (anthropophilic and zoophilic populations), T. rubrum/T. violaceum, T. tonsurans and T. terrestre. Because T. rubrum and T. violaceum did not present enough mismatches, a SuperSpectrum covering both species was created, and differentiation between them was done by comparison of eight specific peptide masses. In the second part of this study, MALDI-TOF MS with the newly created SuperSpectra was tested using 141 clinical isolates representing nine species. Analyses were done with 3-day-old cultures. Results were compared to morphological identification and ITS sequencing; 135/141 (95.8%) strains were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS compared to 128/141 (90.8%) by morphology. Therefore, MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be a useful and rapid identification method for dermatophytes.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycology; Phylogeny; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Time Factors
PubMed: 23228046
DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.746476 -
Mycopathologia Mar 1988In France, most of the researches have showed the distribution of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi in the soil and in the coat of wild mammals. During these...
In France, most of the researches have showed the distribution of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi in the soil and in the coat of wild mammals. During these last years, we have also practiced numerous investigations about the distribution of such fungi. The isolated species are: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton terrestre, Trichophyton ajelloï, Trichophyton simii, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum cookei, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum persicolor, Anixiopsis stercoraria, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Chrysosporium tropicum, Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma curreyi, Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma cuniculi, Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma tuberculatum, Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma multifidum, Ctenomycès serratus, Chrysosporium parvum, Chrysosporium indicum, Chrysosporium georgii, Chrysosporium merdarium, Chrysosporium asperatum, Chrysosporium pannorum. A key to these species is proposed: it attempts to provide an aid in identifying geophilic dermatophytes and related fungi (belonging to the Chrysosporium genus).
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; France; Fungi; Keratins; Mammals; Rabbits; Skin; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 2454405
DOI: 10.1007/BF00437030