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Expert Review of Vaccines Dec 2021infects 80 million people per year, causing malnutrition, stunted growth of children etc., but there is no vaccine available against it. We aimed to design a...
OBJECTIVE
infects 80 million people per year, causing malnutrition, stunted growth of children etc., but there is no vaccine available against it. We aimed to design a multimeric-subunit vaccine using comprehensive immunoinformatic approach.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The T and B cell epitopes were shortlisted on antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity from proteome data and joined with appropriate linkers. The physical characteristics of vaccine candidate was calculated and docking/molecular dynamic simulation performed to validate its robustness. The multimeric protein was codon optimized and in-silico cloned in pET28b.
RESULTS
From the 23,604 proteins of Ascaris, we filtered based on epitope prediction, localization, antigenicity, and allergenicity. Prepared a vaccine of 534 amino acid long, 56.31 kD weight and pI 4.52. Physiochemical features showed it is soluble, highly antigenic and non-allergenic. Its tertiary structure was forecasted, certified, and refined. The immunoinformatic simulation studies showed it to be potent T and B cell stimulator.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified highly antigenic peptides of Ascaris from its proteome with good potential to induce innate as well as humoral immune response. These peptides were used to design a chimeric vaccine against Ascariasis infection, which can be used for prophylactic purpose but needs experimental and clinical validation.
Topics: Animals; Ascaris lumbricoides; Child; Computational Biology; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Vaccines, Subunit
PubMed: 34448645
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1974298 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 1991To clarify the existence of reinfection in children bearing an established Ascaris lumbricoides infection, the authors evaluated the weight and the length of worms...
To clarify the existence of reinfection in children bearing an established Ascaris lumbricoides infection, the authors evaluated the weight and the length of worms collected from ten cases of ascaridiasis. The worm burden was greater than 27 worms in nine cases. In seven cases the weight and the length of worms showed little variation, with unimodal distribution of values, suggesting that all the worms in each case belong to the same population, originated from a single brood infection or from successive infections over small time intervals. In three cases there was great variation in worm size indicated by the different values for the means and medians and by the high values for the standard deviation and coefficient of variation. In these three cases there was a bimodal distribution of worm's size suggesting the coexistence of two distinct populations: one, less numerous, composed of mature worms and the other, more numerous, composed of immature worms, in two cases, and two distinct populations of immature worms in one case. The existence of worms in different stages of maturation indicates that the less mature population was acquired when the mature worms were established in the gut. These results indicate that the reinfection with Ascaris in children bearing an established infection is not rare and resistance induced by a preexisting infection is not the rule.
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 1845006
DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821991000400003 -
JOP : Journal of the Pancreas Sep 2009Ascaris lumbricoides is the second most common intestinal parasite world-wide and, although the infection can be asymptomatic, in some cases it can present with...
CONTEXT
Ascaris lumbricoides is the second most common intestinal parasite world-wide and, although the infection can be asymptomatic, in some cases it can present with complications, such as acute pancreatitis.
CASE REPORT
We describe the case of a 37-year-old man, with a history of travelling in Eastern countries who presented with Ascaris lumbricoides-induced acute pancreatitis mimicking a small pancreatic cancer, diagnosed during an upper EUS. The endoscopy revealeda roundworm floating in the duodenum; its endoultrasonographic appearance showed a diffuse inhomogeneous pattern, with hypoechoic echotexture, such as in acute pancreatitis. Microbiological examination of the worm revealed a 20 cm long Ascaris lumbricoides.
CONCLUSION
In non endemic countries, acute pancreatitis induced by Ascaris lumbricoides is an unusual diagnosis, and should be suspected especially in patients with history of traveling in endemic areas.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Endosonography; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Tumor Burden; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
PubMed: 19734641
DOI: No ID Found -
Endoscopy Aug 2003
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Humans; Male; Stomach
PubMed: 12929080
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41510 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology May 2006
Topics: Adult; Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Vaginal Diseases; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 16604544
DOI: 10.1002/dc.20425 -
The New Zealand Medical Journal Nov 2008
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Albendazole; Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Female; Humans; Radiography
PubMed: 19079446
DOI: No ID Found -
Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng... Apr 2006There has been continued controversy on the taxonomy of Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758 from humans and Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 from pigs. This article reviews a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
There has been continued controversy on the taxonomy of Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758 from humans and Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 from pigs. This article reviews a range of comparative studies related to host susceptibility, morphology, karyotype, immunology and biochemistry, as well as molecular genetics in recent years.
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Ascaris suum; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Species Specificity
PubMed: 16862915
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the Christian Medical... Nov 1950
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Foot
PubMed: 14803538
DOI: No ID Found -
International Archives of Allergy and... 2011Ascaris lumbricoides induces a Th2 response and specific IgE synthesis in humans. This confers antiparasite immunity but could modify the natural history of allergic...
BACKGROUND
Ascaris lumbricoides induces a Th2 response and specific IgE synthesis in humans. This confers antiparasite immunity but could modify the natural history of allergic diseases in the tropics, justifying the study of its allergenic composition. We analyzed the allergenic properties of Ascaris tropomyosin and the frequency of sensitization in subjects exposed to the parasite.
METHODS
cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription PCR, cloned into pQE30-UA and purified as a 6× His-tagged protein. Equivalence with its natural counterpart was analyzed by cross-inhibition and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Specific IgE was measured by ELISA in 175 asthmatics and 170 nonasthmatics naturally exposed to the parasite and sensitized to the Ascaris extract.
RESULTS
The cDNA encoded 287 residues with high sequence identity with other invertebrate tropomyosins. The 40-kDa protein was recognized by human serum and affinity-purified anti-rBlo t 10 IgE. Specific IgE to tropomyosin could represent approximately 50% of the total IgE response to the extract. Ascaris tropomyosin induced wheal and flare in skin prick tests and histamine release from basophils. Although the prevalence of IgE to Ascaris tropomyosin was higher in asthmatic patients, logistic regression analysis suggested that this result was biased by sensitization to mites.
CONCLUSIONS
A. lumbricoides tropomyosin (Asc l 3) is a new allergen that binds specific IgE, induces mediator release from effector cells and is cross-reactive to mite tropomyosins. IgE reactivity to this allergen is very frequent in both asthmatic and normal subjects sensitized to Ascaris extract. The potential role of Ascaris tropomyosin in asthma pathogenesis in tropical regions should be further investigated.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allergens; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Ascaris lumbricoides; Asthma; Child; Colombia; Cross Reactions; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Middle Aged; Mites; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin Tests; Tropical Climate; Tropomyosin; Young Adult
PubMed: 20861641
DOI: 10.1159/000321106 -
PloS One 2019The main control strategy for Ascaris lumbricoides is mass drug administration (especially with benzimidazoles), which can select strains of parasites resistant to...
The main control strategy for Ascaris lumbricoides is mass drug administration (especially with benzimidazoles), which can select strains of parasites resistant to treatment. Mutations in the beta-tubulin isotype-1 gene at codons 167, 198 and 200 have been linked to benzimidazole resistance in several nematodes. The mutation in codon 200 is the most frequent in different species of parasites, as previously observed in Necator americanus and Trichuris trichiura; however, this mutation has never been found in populations of A. lumbricoides. This study aimed to screen for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the beta-tubulin isotype-1 gene at codon 200 in A. lumbricoides. We developed a technique based on an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) for the analysis of 854 single A. lumbricoides eggs collected from 68 human stool samples from seven Brazilian states. We detected the mutation in codon 200 at a frequency of 0.5% (4/854). This is the first report of this mutation in A. lumbricoides. Although the observed frequency is low, its presence indicates that these parasite populations have the potential to develop high levels of resistance in the future. The methodology proposed here provides a powerful tool to screen for the emergence of anthelmintic resistance mutations in parasitic nematode populations.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Benzimidazoles; Drug Resistance; Feces; Genotype; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Ovum; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Tubulin
PubMed: 31622428
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224108