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Dermatologic Clinics Oct 1998The patient who complains of hyperhidrosis presents the physician with a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Patients who present with generalized hyperhidrosis are,... (Review)
Review
The patient who complains of hyperhidrosis presents the physician with a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Patients who present with generalized hyperhidrosis are, in general, adults whose sweating occurs both during the waking and sleeping hours. Such patients require a search for a cause that may sometimes be as simple as a drug that they are taking for some medical disorder. Occasionally a systemic illness may account for the onset of hyperhidrosis and a thorough exam and appropriate testing may be necessary to identify the cause. Most patients with primary or essential hyperhidrosis present in childhood or adolescence and have a problem localized to their hands and/or feet. They have a physiologic disorder not a psychiatric or endocrinologic disease. A number of systemic, topical, surgical, and electrical remedies are available for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Patients with hyperhidrosis of the palm or soles deserve a trial of conservative therapy, iontophoresis in particular, before aggressive surgical techniques that carry with them the risk of lifelong troublesome side effects are offered.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Astringents; Axilla; Botulinum Toxins; Child; Cholinergic Antagonists; Dermatologic Agents; Ganglionectomy; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Iontophoresis; Sweat Glands; Sympathectomy
PubMed: 9891696
DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70062-0 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 2013
Review
Topics: Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Astringents; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Chlorides; Cholinergic Antagonists; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Iontophoresis; Neuromuscular Agents
PubMed: 24277380
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f6800 -
The Journal of Membrane Biology Sep 2013Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) is an important medicinal plant with different pharmaceutical uses. A. millefolium has been used for centuries to treat various diseases... (Review)
Review
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) is an important medicinal plant with different pharmaceutical uses. A. millefolium has been used for centuries to treat various diseases including malaria, hepatitis and jaundice. A. millefolium is commonly prescribed to treat liver disorders. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory agent and is a hepatoprotective herb. A. millefolium is considered safe for supplemental use. It has antihepatotoxic effects also. It is prescribed as an astringent agent. It is prescribed in hemorrhoids, headache, bleeding disorders, bruises, cough, influenza, pneumonia, kidney stones, high blood pressure, menstrual disorders, fever, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, osteoarthritis, hemorrhagic disorders, chicken pox, cystitis, diabetes mellitus, indigestion, dyspepsia, eczema, psoriasis and boils.
Topics: Achillea; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Antimalarials; Antioxidants; Astringents; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Humans; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 23959026
DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x -
Advances in Wound Care Jun 2020Sickle-cell leg ulcers (SCLUs) are a severe, chronic, and recurrent complication of sickle-cell disease (SCD). There are no official recommendations for treatment.... (Review)
Review
Sickle-cell leg ulcers (SCLUs) are a severe, chronic, and recurrent complication of sickle-cell disease (SCD). There are no official recommendations for treatment. Only a few studies with a high level of evidence have been conducted to evaluate treatment of SCLUs. However, several studies have been conducted with a high level of evidence to evaluate the efficacy of treatments in venous leg ulcers, and SCLUs could benefit from these treatments, especially when a venous incompetence or an edema is associated. Pathophysiology of SCLUs includes a vasculopathy related to chronic hemolysis and an endothelial dysfunction, which could be therapeutic approaches to SCLU treatment. Therapeutic approaches to SCLUs can target SCD on the one hand and skin healing and associated aggravating factors on the other. A review of the literature found only case series and six randomized controlled trials; some offered encouraging results, but most had serious biases. Clinical trials specifically targeting SCLUs are difficult to realize because of the small number of affected patients, in comparison with patients with leg ulcers from other causes. Treating SCLUs remains a challenge. Data in the literature are currently insufficient to offer clear treatment guidelines because of several biases in controlled studies. New studies are under way to assess the efficacy of topical treatments and describe the microbiome of SCLUs. Prevention of SCLU recurrence should be assessed in future clinical trials because the high risk of recurrence is an unsolved critical issue.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Astringents; Bandages; Child; Edema; Female; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Male; Microbiota; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Pain Management; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Secondary Prevention; Varicose Ulcer; Venous Insufficiency; Wound Healing; Young Adult; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 32286203
DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0918 -
British Dental Journal Jun 1974
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Astringents; Biguanides; Chlorides; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Recurrence; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Sulfates; Zinc
PubMed: 4531936
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4803212 -
Operative Dentistry 2009The current study evaluated the micro-shear bond strength of two resin cements to astringent-contaminated dentin. Twelve occlusal dentin discs were prepared from...
The current study evaluated the micro-shear bond strength of two resin cements to astringent-contaminated dentin. Twelve occlusal dentin discs were prepared from extracted caries-free human molars and divided into two groups subjected to two types of resin cements, Panavia F (PF) and Variolink II (VL). Each disc was ground with 600 grit SiC paper and sectioned into two semi-disks, one for the normal dentin surface and the other for the contaminated dentin surface. For contaminated dentin, an astringent containing aluminum chloride was applied for two minutes and rinsed before the bonding procedures. A micro tygon tube was placed on the dentin surface following the bonding application and then filled with a resin cement. After the resin was polymerized, the specimen was kept in water for 24 hours before the micro-shear bond strengths evaluation. The micro morphology of the treated surfaces and resin-dentin interfaces were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Aluminum content under different dentin conditions was also examined. No significant differences were found between the dentin bond strengths to normal dentin and contaminated dentin surfaces in both the PF and VL groups (p>0.05). PF showed similar bond strengths to VL on normal and contaminated dentin (p>0.05). SEM observations of the VL groups revealed no differences in the treated dentin surfaces and the resin-dentin interfaces between normal and contaminated dentin. However, for the PF group, an inconsistent etching pattern of the self-etching primer and gap formation at the interface of resin cement to contaminated dentin were observed.
Topics: Astringents; Dental Bonding; Dental Stress Analysis; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Resin Cements; Shear Strength
PubMed: 19678446
DOI: 10.2341/08-107 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Mar 2023The roles of plants and its products in all forms of life cannot be overemphasized. The medicinal products from plant are phytochemicals, drugs, food supplements, beauty... (Review)
Review
The roles of plants and its products in all forms of life cannot be overemphasized. The medicinal products from plant are phytochemicals, drugs, food supplements, beauty products, etc. In ethnomedicine, leaves, fruits, stem, bark, root and fluids from plants are used in the cure, management and prevention of several diseases. Cupressus sempervirens, sometimes called Italian or Mediterranean cypress, is found in subtropical Asia, North America and eastern Mediterranean region. Pharmacological investigations of Cupressus sempervirens showed biological properties such as aromatherapeutic, antiseptic, astringent, balsamic or anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiperspirant, diuretic and antispasmodic. Chemical analysis of Cupressus sempervirens gives phytochemicals like monoterpenes, diterpenes, flavonoid glycosides and bioflavonoids. The current review highlights interactions, conventional uses and biological actions of Cupressus sempervirens plant and plant products.
Topics: Cupressus; Astringents; Diterpenes; Monoterpenes; Fruit; Flavonoids
PubMed: 36385684
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02326-z -
PloS One 2011The mutualistic interaction between scatter-hoarding rodents and their seed plants is highly complex yet poorly understood. Plants may benefit from the seed dispersal...
The mutualistic interaction between scatter-hoarding rodents and their seed plants is highly complex yet poorly understood. Plants may benefit from the seed dispersal behavior of rodents, as long as seed consumption is minimized. In parallel, rodents may maximize foraging efficiency and cache high-quality resources for future consumption. Defensive compounds, such as tannins, are thought to be a major mechanism for plant control over rodent behavior. However, previous studies, using naturally occurring seeds, have not provided conclusive evidence supporting this hypothesis. Here, we test the importance of tannin concentrations on the scatter-hoarding behavior of rodents by using an artificial seed system. We combined feeding trials and field observations to examine the overall impact of seed tannin concentrations on rodent behavior and health. We found that rodents favored seeds with an intermediate amount of tannin (~5%) in the field. Meanwhile, in rodents that were fed a diet with different tannin content, only diets with high tannin content (25%, 15%, and 10%) caused a significant negative influence on rodent survival and health. Significant differences were not found among treatments with tannin levels of 0-5%. In contrast to many existing studies, our results clearly demonstrate that scatter-hoarding rodents prefer slightly 'astringent' food. In the co-evolutionary arms race between plants and animals, our results suggest that while tannins may play a significant role in reducing general predation levels by the faunal community, they have no precise control over the behavior of their mutualistic partner. Instead, the two partners appear to have reached an evolutionary point where both parties receive adequate benefits, with the year-to-year outcome being dependent on a wide range of factors beyond the control of either partner.
Topics: Animals; Astringents; Biological Evolution; Feeding Behavior; Food; Hoarding; Plants; Rodentia; Seed Dispersal
PubMed: 22046284
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026424 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Oct 2008Astringency plays an important role in the sensory experience of many foods and beverages, ranging from wine to nuts. Given the recent trend toward fortifying... (Review)
Review
Astringency plays an important role in the sensory experience of many foods and beverages, ranging from wine to nuts. Given the recent trend toward fortifying consumables with astringent compounds and the evidence regarding the health benefits of some astringents, the mechanisms and perceptual characteristics of astringency warrant further discussion and investigation. This paper reviews the current state of the literature, including consideration of new methods for describing and measuring astringency, and provides an overview of research concerned with elucidating the physical, physiological, and psychological factors that underlie and mediate perception of this sensation.
Topics: Astringents; Beverages; Food; Humans; Sensory Receptor Cells; Taste
PubMed: 18788010
DOI: 10.1080/10408390701724223 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Mar 2024Long-term intake of procyanidins has been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia, and sensory function decline associated with aging. However,...
Long-term intake of procyanidins has been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia, and sensory function decline associated with aging. However, most of the ingested procyanidins are not absorbed and are excreted in the feces, so the mechanism of their beneficial impact is unknown. Procyanidins are the components of astringency in plant foods and their stimulation appears to be directly transmitted to the central nervous system via sensory nerves. Recent attention has been focused on the taste receptors expressed in the extra-oral gastrointestinal tract may regulate homeostasis via the neuroendocrine system. In this paper, we have reviewed recent findings on the relationship between the astringency of procyanidins and their bioregulatory effects.
Topics: Proanthocyanidins; Astringents; Taste; Taste Buds; Homeostasis
PubMed: 37930827
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad154