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AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2003
Topics: Astrocytoma; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial
PubMed: 12748070
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jun 2016
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diagnosis, Differential; Lung; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Oligodendroglioma; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Spinal Cord Neoplasms
PubMed: 27172340
DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.11.1253 -
Brain Tumor Pathology Jan 2016Astroblastoma is a rare neuroepithelial neoplasm of unknown origin, usually occurring in children and young adults. Here we report a case of astroblastoma with uncommon...
Astroblastoma is a rare neuroepithelial neoplasm of unknown origin, usually occurring in children and young adults. Here we report a case of astroblastoma with uncommon features in an 18-year-old female. The tumor was a well-circumscribed cystic and solid mass with marked gadolinium enhancement in the right frontal lobe. Cytological examination showed polarized monopolar cells with diminished cohesiveness. Tumor cells possessed eccentric round to oval nuclei with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, sometimes having cytoplasmic processes. Histopathologically, the tumor showed perivascular pseudorosettes with prominent vascular sclerosis. Foam cells were frequently infiltrated around blood vessels and among tumor cells. In some areas, a solid growth pattern of plump tumor cells with abundant inclusion-like eosinophilic cytoplasm showing rhabdoid appearance was observed. The immunohistochemical study revealed strong and diffuse positivity for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen. Tumor cells were focally positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and cytokeratin AE1/AE3. Nuclear immunoreactivity for INI1 protein was evident. The Ki-67 labeling index was 10.8%. This tumor was finally diagnosed as low-grade astroblastoma and the patient had no evidence of recurrence without postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy during the last 6 months of follow-up. This report describes novel cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of the rare tumor.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; Mucin-1; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Rhabdoid Tumor; Treatment Outcome; Vimentin
PubMed: 26614252
DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0241-5 -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... May 2003Brain tumors are the most common solid neoplasms in the pediatric population. Each year in the United States, approximately 1500 to 2000 children are affected by one of... (Review)
Review
Brain tumors are the most common solid neoplasms in the pediatric population. Each year in the United States, approximately 1500 to 2000 children are affected by one of these tumors. About 50% of pediatric brain tumors are malignant. Nonmalignant pediatric brain tumors comprise an eclectic group of pathologic entities that have fascinating clinical features. Many of these tumors demonstrate a favorable prognosis. In this report, we review the epidemiology, histopathology, genetics, clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and treatment of the common nonmalignant pediatric brain tumors, including low grade astrocytomas (such as cerebellar astrocytoma and optic pathway glioma), subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, central neurocytomas, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, choroid plexus papilloma, and craniopharyngioma. Advances in the therapeutic management of patients with these tumors have considerably improved their prognosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Astrocytoma; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms; Craniopharyngioma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Meningioma; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Papilloma; Teratoma
PubMed: 12691624
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-003-0079-9 -
Fetal and Pediatric Pathology 2011
Topics: Biomarkers; Brain Neoplasms; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 21491993
DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2011.564718 -
Neuro-oncology Jan 2017Astroblastomas (ABs) are rare glial tumors showing overlapping features with astrocytomas, ependymomas, and sometimes other glial neoplasms, and may be challenging to...
Morphological and molecular features of astroblastoma, including BRAFV600E mutations, suggest an ontological relationship to other cortical-based gliomas of children and young adults.
BACKGROUND
Astroblastomas (ABs) are rare glial tumors showing overlapping features with astrocytomas, ependymomas, and sometimes other glial neoplasms, and may be challenging to diagnose.
METHODS
We examined clinical, histopathological, and molecular features in 28 archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded AB cases and performed survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier methods.
RESULTS
Unlike ependymomas and angiocentric gliomas, ABs demonstrate abundant distinctive astroblastic pseudorosettes and are usually Olig2 immunopositive. They also frequently exhibit rhabdoid cells, multinucleated cells, and eosinophilic granular material. They retain immunoreactivity to alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked, are immunonegative to isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 R132H mutation, and only occasionally show MGMT promoter hypermethylation differentiating them from many diffuse gliomas. Like pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma, supratentorial pilocytic astrocytoma, and other predominantly cortical-based glial tumors, ABs often harbor the BRAF mutation, present in 38% of cases tested (n = 21), further distinguishing those tumors from ependymomas and angiocentric gliomas. Factors correlating with longer patient survival included age less than 30 years, female gender, absent BRAF , and mitotic index less than 5 mitoses/10 high-power fields; however, only the latter was significant by Cox and Kaplan-Meier analyses (n = 24; P = .024 and .012, respectively). This mitotic cutoff is therefore currently the best criterion to stratify tumors into low-grade ABs and higher-grade anaplastic ABs.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to their own characteristic histological features, ABs share some molecular and histological findings with other, possibly ontologically related, cortical-based gliomas of mostly children and young adults. Importantly, the presence of BRAF mutations in a subset of ABs suggests potential clinical utility of targeted anti-BRAF therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Prognosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 27416954
DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now118 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics May 2009A 6-year-old boy who presented with worsening hemiplegia, behaviour problems and seizures after an episode of encephalitis-like illness is reported. MRI revealed diffuse...
A 6-year-old boy who presented with worsening hemiplegia, behaviour problems and seizures after an episode of encephalitis-like illness is reported. MRI revealed diffuse signal change and swelling of the left cerebral hemisphere. The diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri was confirmed by brain biopsy. Parents refused radiotherapy and the child worsened and died 6 months after diagnosis.
Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Risk Assessment; Terminally Ill; Treatment Refusal
PubMed: 19390795
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-009-0090-5 -
Neuro-Chirurgie Feb 2012Thalamo-mesencephalic neuroepithelial cysts are rare lesions of the central nervous system. They are thought to arise from neuroectoderm and are also referred to as...
Thalamo-mesencephalic neuroepithelial cysts are rare lesions of the central nervous system. They are thought to arise from neuroectoderm and are also referred to as ependymal cysts due to their origin. It can remain asymptomatic throughout life or rarely can cause symptoms. We describe a 42-year-old woman who presented with thalamic syndrome due to a neuroepithelial cyst of the thalamo-midbrain. Differential diagnosis is made with other cystic lesions in the brain. However a good analysis of imaging feature led to diagnosis. When the lesion is symptomatic, mini-invasive procedure is indicated.
Topics: Adult; Central Nervous System Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Mesencephalon; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Neurosurgical Procedures; Thalamic Diseases
PubMed: 22030167
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2011.09.003 -
Journal of Neuroimaging : Official... Mar 2022Astroblastoma is a rare type of glial tumor, histologically classified into two types with different prognoses: high and low grade. We aimed to investigate the CT and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Astroblastoma is a rare type of glial tumor, histologically classified into two types with different prognoses: high and low grade. We aimed to investigate the CT and MRI findings of astroblastomas by collecting studies with analyzable neuroimaging data and extracting the imaging features useful for tumor grading.
METHODS
We searched for reports of pathologically proven astroblastomas with analyzable neuroimaging data using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Sixty-five studies with 71 patients with astroblastomas met the criteria for a systematic review. We added eight patients from our hospital, resulting in a final study cohort of 79 patients. The proportion of high-grade tumors was compared in groups based on the morphology (typical and atypical) using Fisher's exact test.
RESULTS
High- and low-grade tumors were 35/71 (49.3%) and 36/71 (50.7%), respectively. There was a significant difference in the proportion of high-grade tumors based on the tumor morphology (typical morphology: high-grade = 33/58 [56.9%] vs. atypical morphology, 2/13 [15.4%], p = .012). The reviews of neuroimaging findings were performed using the images included in each article. The articles had missing data due to the heterogeneity of the collected studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Detailed neuroimaging features were clarified, including tumor location, margin status, morphology, CT attenuation, MRI signal intensity, and contrast enhancement pattern. The classification of tumor morphology may help predict the tumor's histological grade, contributing to clinical care and future oncologic research.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Glioma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 34816541
DOI: 10.1111/jon.12948 -
Neuropathology : Official Journal of... Feb 2019Mutational analysis of the BRAF gene (BRAF), especially BRAF V600E, is gaining much importance in neuro-oncology practice due to its diagnostic, prognostic and...
Mutational analysis of the BRAF gene (BRAF), especially BRAF V600E, is gaining much importance in neuro-oncology practice due to its diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. This genetic alteration has been described in a wide morphological spectrum of central nervous system tumors. In the present report we describe a BRAF V600E-mutated tumor with divergent morphological appearance comprising of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and astroblastoma. Both of these tumor entities are extremely rare and a combined morphology has not been described till now.
Topics: Adult; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mutation; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
PubMed: 30557911
DOI: 10.1111/neup.12527