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Lancet (London, England) Nov 1987
Topics: Adult; Atenolol; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Humans; Male
PubMed: 2890034
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91563-7 -
Journal of Separation Science Feb 2022Determination of a widely used antihypertensive combination of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide was achieved by rapid and eco-friendly high-performance liquid...
Development of a multivariate model with desirability-based optimization for determination of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide by eco-friendly HPLC method with fluorescence detection.
Determination of a widely used antihypertensive combination of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide was achieved by rapid and eco-friendly high-performance liquid chromatography method combined with fluorescence detection. The response surface methodology is conducive to the complete separation of the two drugs in a shorter analysis time. The separation of the mixture was achieved using an Inertsil C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µ). The mobile phase used was ethanol: potassium dihydrogen phosphate at pH 3 (65:35 v/v) and the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. The fluorescence detector operated at excitation and emission wavelengths of 230 and 310 nm (atenolol) and 270 and 375 nm (hydrochlorothiazide). The linearity of the developed method covered a concentration of atenolol of 0.05-5 µg/mL and a concentration of hydrochlorothiazide of 0.02-1 µg/mL. The greenness of the developed method was evaluated by analytical eco-scale and the recently reported evaluation method, that is, green analytical procedure index, and it was found to be an excellent, sensitive, and green alternative to the reported methods. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and compared with the reference method. No significant difference was found in terms of accuracy.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hydrochlorothiazide
PubMed: 34910855
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100711 -
Acta Pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia) Jun 2018A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for determination of atenolol (ATE) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed. The method is based on the...
A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for determination of atenolol (ATE) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed. The method is based on the quenching effect of atenolol on photoluminescence of AuNPs at λem = 705 nm. Variables affecting luminescence of gold nanoparticles such as the solvent, pH value and surfactant were studied and optimized. The method was preliminarily validated according to ICH guidelines. A linear correlation was recorded within the range of 1.0-10 mg mL-1 ATE with the coefficient of determination R2 of 0.999. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for atenolol were found to be 0.87 and 2.64 mg mL-1, resp. Good recoveries in the range of 98.7-100.0 % were obtained for spiked samples. The proposed method was applied successfully to assaying atenolol in pharmaceuticals formulations.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Atenolol; Gold; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Limit of Detection; Metal Nanoparticles; Solvents; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 29702480
DOI: 10.2478/acph-2018-0020 -
Chemosphere Dec 2019The present paper deals with the atenolol (ATL) degradation by advanced anodic oxidation using a boron-doped diamond anode supported on niobium (Nb/BDD). Cyclic...
The present paper deals with the atenolol (ATL) degradation by advanced anodic oxidation using a boron-doped diamond anode supported on niobium (Nb/BDD). Cyclic voltammetry performed on this electrode revealed that it presents a high quality (diamond-sp/sp-carbon ratio), high potential for OER and that ATL can be oxidized directly and/or indirectly by the electrogenerated oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals, persulfate ions and sulfate radicals. Electrolysis experiments demonstrated that ATL degradation and mineralization follow a mixed (first and zero) order kinetics depending on the applied current density. At high applied current densities, the amount of OH radicals is very high and the overall reaction is limited by the transport of ATL (pseudo first-order kinetics) whereas for low applied current densities, the rate of OH radicals generation at the anode is slower than the rate of arrival of ATL molecules (pseudo-zero order kinetics). Estimated values of k and k based on the assumption of pseudo-zero or pseudo-first order kinetics were carried oud as a function of the supporting electrolyte concentration, indicating that both parameters increased with its concentration due the higher production of sulfate reactive species that play an important role in degradation. Finally, MCE increased with the decrease of current density, due to the lower amount of OH present in solution, since this species could be rapidly wasted in parasitic reactions; and the increase of sulfate concentration due to the more efficient production of persulfate.
Topics: Atenolol; Electrodes; Electrolysis; Niobium
PubMed: 31319310
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.049 -
Pharmaceutical Development and... 2000
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Atenolol; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Compounding; Excipients; Hardness; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Powders; Solubility; Tablets
PubMed: 10810759
DOI: 10.1081/pdt-100100544 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Nov 2019In this study, we investigated the transformation of atenolol (ATL) by the naturally occurring laccase from Trametes versicolor in aqueous solution. Removal efficiency...
In this study, we investigated the transformation of atenolol (ATL) by the naturally occurring laccase from Trametes versicolor in aqueous solution. Removal efficiency of ATL via laccase-catalyzed reaction in the presence of various laccase mediators was examined, and found that only the mediator 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) was able to greatly promote ATL transformation. The influences of TEMPO concentration, laccase dosage, as well as solution pH and temperature on ATL transformation efficiency were tested. As TEMPO concentrations was increased from 0 to 2000 μM, ATL transformation efficiency first increased and then decreased, and the optimal TEMPO concentration was determined as 500 μM. ATL transformation efficiency was gradually increased with increasing laccase dosage. ATL transformation was highly pH-dependent with an optimum pH of 7.0, and it was almost constant over a temperature range of 25-50 °C. Humic acid inhibited ATL transformation through competition reaction with laccase. The presence of anions HCO and CO reduced ATL transformation due to both anions enhanced solution pHs, while Cl, SO, and NO at 10 mM showed no obvious influence. The main transformation products were identified, and the potential transformation pathways were proposed. After enzymatic treatment, the toxicity of ATL and TEMPO mixtures was greatly reduced. The results of this study might present an alternative clean strategy for the remediation of ATL contaminated water matrix.
Topics: Atenolol; Catalysis; Cyclic N-Oxides; Humic Substances; Laccase; Oxidation-Reduction; Temperature; Trametes; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 31419699
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109555 -
Circulation Mar 1980The physiology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of atenolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, were evaluated in 10 patients with stable angina pectoris in... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The physiology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of atenolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, were evaluated in 10 patients with stable angina pectoris in a single-blind, dose-ranging study. After a 1-month control placebo period, atenolol was administered once daily at dosages of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg for 2-week periods. All patients had fewer anginal attacks and consumed fewer nitroglycerin tablets than mg for 2-week periods. All patients had fewer anginal attacks and consumed fewer nitroglycerin tablets than during the placebo period. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory ECG recordings showed a decrease in mean hourly heart rate throughout the dosing period, with preservation of diurnal variation. Maximal, symptom-limited, treadmill exercise tests performed 3 hours after drug ingestion showed significantly increased exercise time and decreased double products for all doses, but especially with 100-mg and 200-mg doses. Exercise time 24 hours after drug ingestion continued to show a decrease in maximum heart rate and double product, with 100-mg and 200-mg doses again being most effective. Atenolol serum levels correlated with percent reduction in exercise heart rate and increased exercise time. Serum levels rose linearly, with an average elimination half-life of about 10 hours after chronic oral dosing. Thus, atenolol was an effective antianginal agent and suppressed resting and exercise-stressed heart rate for 24 hours after ingestion when given in a 100-mg or 200-mg dose once daily.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Angina Pectoris; Atenolol; Electrocardiography; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitroglycerin; Physical Exertion; Propanolamines; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
PubMed: 6243518
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.61.3.555 -
The Journal of International Medical... 1989The bioavailability of two formulations of atenolol was compared in an open, randomized crossover study. Each film-coated tablet contained 100 mg of active drug. The... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
The bioavailability of two formulations of atenolol was compared in an open, randomized crossover study. Each film-coated tablet contained 100 mg of active drug. The plasma concentrations of atenolol were determined using a newly developed and specific high-performance liquid chromatography procedure. The areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC) were calculated, as were pair differences and ratios for individual AUC values and for maximum plasma levels. The latter were determined (Cmax.(m] and calculated (Cmax.(c] at the corresponding time values (tmax.) for test and reference formulations, and were then tested for statistical significance. The 95% confidence limits for both test and reference preparations, taken according to Westlake or Wilcoxon, were found to be 80.0-114.7% for AUC, 80.2-119.9% for Cmax. and 74.5-132.8% for tmax. In terms of pharmacokinetic target criteria, therefore, it can be seen that there were no substantial differences between the two film-coated tablets. The two atenolol preparations, therefore, may be classified as bioequivalent.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Atenolol; Biological Availability; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Male; Tablets
PubMed: 2806714
DOI: 10.1177/030006058901700503 -
Lancet (London, England) Sep 1992In-vitro studies have shown that atenolol, a beta-blocking agent, is stereoselectively taken up by and released from adrenergic nerve endings by membrane depolarisation....
In-vitro studies have shown that atenolol, a beta-blocking agent, is stereoselectively taken up by and released from adrenergic nerve endings by membrane depolarisation. To investigate the potential importance of these findings, blood samples were taken at rest and after exercise testing from 10 patients (mean [SE] age 60 [3] years) receiving long-term treatment with racemic atenolol. At rest, mean plasma concentration of (R)-atenolol was higher than that of (S)-atenolol (ratio 1.14, p less than 0.01), but after exercise there was a stereoselective increase in (S)-atenolol concentration, which changed the ratio to 0.66 (p less than 0.01). Since (S)-atenolol but not (R)-atenolol causes clinically relevant beta-blockade, our findings may have importance for the management of patients receiving beta-blocking drugs.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Atenolol; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coronary Disease; Exercise Test; Humans; Middle Aged; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 1355800
DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92233-6 -
The Lancet. Neurology Jul 2010
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; Humans; Hypertension
PubMed: 20610338
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70146-0