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Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Jul 1958
Topics: Atrophy; Humans; Varicose Veins
PubMed: 13574660
DOI: No ID Found -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Jan 2024In recent years, the research on the relationship between sarcopenia before and after the treatment of esophageal cancer, as well as its impact on prognosis of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the research on the relationship between sarcopenia before and after the treatment of esophageal cancer, as well as its impact on prognosis of esophageal cancer, has increased rapidly, which has aroused people's attention to the disease of patients with esophageal cancer complicated with sarcopenia. This review examines the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with esophageal cancer, as well as the relationship between sarcopenia (before and after surgery or chemotherapy) and prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Moreover, we summarized the potential pathogenesis of sarcopenia and pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies.
METHODS
A narrative review was performed in PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords ("esophageal cancer" or "esophageal neoplasm" or "neoplasm, esophageal" or "esophagus neoplasm" or "esophagus neoplasms" or "neoplasm, esophagus" or "neoplasms, esophagus" or "neoplasms, esophageal" or "cancer of esophagus" or "cancer of the esophagus" or "esophagus cancer" or "cancer, esophagus" or "cancers, esophagus" or "esophagus cancers" or "esophageal cancer" or "cancer, esophageal" or "cancers, esophageal" or "esophageal cancers") and ("sarcopenia" or "muscular atrophy" or "aging" or "senescence" or "biological aging" or "aging, biological" or "atrophies, muscular" or "atrophy, muscular" or "muscular atrophies" or "atrophy, muscle" or "atrophies, muscle" or "muscle atrophies"). Studies reporting relationship between sarcopenia and esophageal cancer were analyzed.
RESULTS
The results of the review suggest that the average prevalence of sarcopenia in esophageal cancer was 46.3% ± 19.6% ranging from 14.4 to 81% and sarcopenia can be an important predictor of poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Patients with esophageal cancer can suffer from sarcopenia due to their nutritional deficiencies, reduced physical activity, chemotherapy, and the effects of certain inflammatory factors and pathways. When classic diagnostic values for sarcopenia such as skeletal muscle index (SMI) are not available clinically, it is also feasible to predict esophageal cancer prognosis using simpler metrics, such as calf circumference (CC), five-count sit-up test (5-CST), and six-minute walk distance (6MWD).
CONCLUSIONS
Identifying the potential mechanism of sarcopenia in patients with esophageal cancer and implementing appropriate interventions may hold the key to improving the prognosis of these patients.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Esophageal Neoplasms; Atrophy; Muscle, Skeletal; Exercise
PubMed: 38267975
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03304-w -
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 1985We describe two patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina who suffered from vitreous hemorrhages in adolescence. The diagnosis of gyrate atrophy was...
We describe two patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina who suffered from vitreous hemorrhages in adolescence. The diagnosis of gyrate atrophy was confirmed biochemically and clinically; hyperornithinemia and a deficiency of ornithine ketoacid transaminase were confirmed biochemically. Typical fundus changes of scalloped chorioretinal atrophies with sharp margins, deteriorated dark adaptation, non-recordable electroretinogram, flat electrooculogram, and constricted visual fields were noted. We believe that the vitreous hemorrhage is an ocular complication in this disorder.
Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Child; Choroid; Eye Diseases; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Ornithine; Recurrence; Retina; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 4046225
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Apr 2013Iridoschisis is a rare degenerative disease characterized by the separation of the anterior iris stroma from the posterior layer. The anterior layer splits into strands,...
Iridoschisis is a rare degenerative disease characterized by the separation of the anterior iris stroma from the posterior layer. The anterior layer splits into strands, and the free ends float freely in the anterior chamber. We report the case of a 57-year-old man, in whom we incidentally discovered isolated unilateral iris atrophy. The patient had no history of the common causes of atrophy (herpes, pigment dispersion, ocular trauma, etc.). During follow-up, the atrophy gradually worsened, with an increase in the number and bilaterality of the lesions. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of anterior chamber showed thinning of the anterior iris and cleavage of the iris into two layers, an imaging result which, to our knowledge, has not yet been reported in the literature. Familiarity with iridoschisis is important, due to its frequent association with glaucoma, so that appropriate screening can be carried out at the time of diagnosis and on follow-up.
Topics: Anterior Chamber; Atrophy; Humans; Iris; Iris Diseases; Male; Microscopy, Acoustic; Middle Aged; Radiography; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 23261208
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2012.10.004 -
Revue Neurologique 1990Thalamic atrophy is rarely primitive. Selective atrophy of the dorso-medial and anterior thalamic nuclei has been reported in a few families. The clinical course is... (Review)
Review
Thalamic atrophy is rarely primitive. Selective atrophy of the dorso-medial and anterior thalamic nuclei has been reported in a few families. The clinical course is subacute. Symptoms and signs include sleep disorders and intellectual deficit. We report a new family with this uncommon disease and discuss its etiology.
Topics: Atrophy; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Middle Aged; Pedigree; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Thalamus
PubMed: 2184481
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Anatomica 1988The rabbit and rat choriocapillaris atrophies in response to experimental destruction of the retinal pigment epithelium by intravenous injection of sodium iodate. This...
The rabbit and rat choriocapillaris atrophies in response to experimental destruction of the retinal pigment epithelium by intravenous injection of sodium iodate. This provides a convenient model of capillary atrophy. We have observed that pericytes are spared during this process; the atrophy is due to loss of endothelium only. Extensive examination of thin sections obtained 1 day to 11 weeks after administration of iodate showed that pericytes retained their normal relationship to the remnant capillary basement membrane left behind as the endothelial tube atrophied. This was most conspicuously manifested in their retention of processes longitudinally disposed along the sleeves of remnant basement membrane. The processes retained bundles of actin filaments that had dense regions along them and inserted into subplasmalemmal densities at basement membrane attachment sites, i.e. they had the characteristics of stress fibers. The pericytes did not phagocytose the debris of endothelial necrosis, in spite of their known phagocytic abilities. Necrotic endothelial cells were eliminated by sloughing into the capillary lumen. The observations support the idea that the function of pericytes in the choriocapillaris, the major source of nutrition for the retinal photoreceptors, resides in their contractility, and that pericytes do not remove necrotic endothelium during capillary atrophy.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Arteries; Arterioles; Atrophy; Basement Membrane; Capillaries; Choroid; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Iodates; Rabbits
PubMed: 3376723
DOI: 10.1159/000146513 -
BioMed Research International 2014This systematic review was aimed at assessing the feasibility by means of survival rate, histologic analysis, and causes of failure of allogeneic block grafts for... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This systematic review was aimed at assessing the feasibility by means of survival rate, histologic analysis, and causes of failure of allogeneic block grafts for augmenting the atrophic maxilla.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted by one reviewer in several databases. Articles were included in this systematic review if they were human clinical trials in which outcomes of allogeneic bone block grafts were studied by means of survival rate. In addition other factors were extracted in order to assess their influence upon graft failure.
RESULTS
Fifteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and subsequently were analyzed in this systematic review. A total of 361 block grafts could be followed 4 to 9 months after the surgery, of which 9 (2.4%) failed within 1 month to 2 months after the surgery. Additionally, a weighed mean 4.79 mm (95% CI: 4.51-5.08) horizontal bone gain was computed from 119 grafted sites in 5 studies. Regarding implant cumulative survival rate, the weighed mean was 96.9% (95% CI: 92.8-98.7%), computed from 228 implants over a mean follow-up period of 23.9 months. Histologic analysis showed that allogeneic block grafts behave differently in the early stages of healing when compared to autogenous block grafts.
CONCLUSION
Atrophied maxillary reconstruction with allogeneic bone block grafts represents a reliable option as shown by low block graft failure rate, minimal resorption, and high implant survival rate.
Topics: Atrophy; Bone Resorption; Bone Transplantation; Dental Implants; Humans; Maxilla; Osteogenesis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 25535616
DOI: 10.1155/2014/814578 -
The American Journal of Pathology Sep 1993Microphthalmia and cerebral atrophies were induced in mouse embryos after injection of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) into the conceptus at midgestation. The concepti of...
Microphthalmia and cerebral atrophies were induced in mouse embryos after injection of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) into the conceptus at midgestation. The concepti of ICR mice on day 8.5 of gestation were injected with MCMV through the uterine wall, then pregnancies were allowed to continue. On day 15.5 of gestation, microphthalmia was observed in 19.2% of the MCMV-injected embryos (1 x 10(4) plaque-forming units). As the survival rate decreased when pregnancies were allowed to continue further, incidence of microphthalmia decreased, whereas cerebral atrophies, determined by examining the histological sections, were observed in 17.6% of the surviving mouse fetuses on day 18.5 of gestation. Microphthalmia was confirmed by microscopically measuring the eyes on the serial coronal sections. There were two types of microphthalmia: one with marked hypoplastic eye with periglobular mesenchymal proliferation, the other with small eye and lens without the mesenchymal proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibodies specific to the nuclear antigen of MCMV. Viral antigen-positive cells were widely distributed in the mesenchymes around the oral and nasal cavities and in the mesenchymes around the brain, especially in the endothelial cells of the vessels and the perivascular mesodermal cells. In the eyes, viral antigen-positive cells were observed in mononuclear blood cells in the cavities of the vitreous bodies. These results suggest that the primary target of congenital cytomegalovirus infection may be the mesenchymal cells; then the infection extends to the eyes and brain. In addition, the mesenchymal infection may also disrupt their organogenesis, resulting in microphthalmia and cerebral atrophy. This experimental system may provide a model similar to congenital cytomegalovirus infection in humans.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Atrophy; Cerebral Cortex; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye; Gestational Age; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microphthalmos
PubMed: 8395772
DOI: No ID Found -
Vestnik Dermatologii I Venerologii 1986
Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Female; Humans; Skin
PubMed: 3962484
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neurology Jan 2014
Topics: Atrophy; Cervical Vertebrae; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Spinal Cord; Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood; Young Adult
PubMed: 24281771
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7193-7