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Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Mar 2022Increasing evidence has shown that noise overexposure could lead to impaired hippocampal function. Hippocampal alteration is also observed in several auditory deficits,... (Review)
Review
Increasing evidence has shown that noise overexposure could lead to impaired hippocampal function. Hippocampal alteration is also observed in several auditory deficits, including hearing loss, and tinnitus. Therefore, the functions of hearing and cognition interact with each other. Here, we summarize the evidence that noise affects the hippocampus from aspects of behavior, neurogenesis, ultrastructure, neurotransmission, other biomarkers, and electrophysiology. We also address hippocampal alterations in auditory disorders, including hearing loss and tinnitus. Based on the current state of the field, we point out several aspects that need further investigation. This review is not only to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of the field but to emphasize that hearing matters in cognition and pave the way for future research.
Topics: Auditory Pathways; Hippocampus; Humans; Neurogenesis; Noise; Tinnitus
PubMed: 35124220
DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107589 -
Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der... Nov 2020The auditory system consists of the ear located in the periphery, in which a conversion of the sound into an electrical signal takes place, and neurons, which perform... (Review)
Review
The auditory system consists of the ear located in the periphery, in which a conversion of the sound into an electrical signal takes place, and neurons, which perform central processing based on action potentials. The most important anatomical and functional features of the auditory system are explained. For this purpose, a selective literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed (also in the Europe PubMed Central), Psychline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Additional information was obtained from relevant books or websites in the fields of (neuro)anatomy, (neuro)physiology, (neuro)ophthalmology and (neuro)otology, among others with the keywords Hörbahn, auditory system, auditory pathway, receptors, spatial hearing and auditory cognition.
Topics: Auditory Pathways; Hearing; PubMed
PubMed: 32211922
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01070-0 -
Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der... Nov 2020Humans receive information from their environment via the visual and auditory systems. This information protects us from dangers and guarantees vital actions, such as... (Review)
Review
Humans receive information from their environment via the visual and auditory systems. This information protects us from dangers and guarantees vital actions, such as social interaction, locomotion, work processes and nutrition. The most important anatomical and functional features of these two sensory systems are compared and elucidated with respect to their interaction/functional complementarity. For this purpose, a selective literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed (also in the Europe PubMed Central), Psychline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Additional information was obtained from relevant books and websites in the fields of (neuro)anatomy, (neuro)physiology, (neuro)ophthalmology and (neuro)otology. Search terms were Hörbahn, Sehbahn, visual system, auditory system, visual pathway, auditory pathway, receptors, spatial hearing, spatial cognition, auditory cognition and visual cognition.
Topics: Auditory Pathways; Databases, Factual; Humans; PubMed
PubMed: 32333092
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01101-w -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2016The fundamental problem in audition is determining the mechanisms required by the brain to transform an unlabelled mixture of auditory stimuli into coherent perceptual... (Review)
Review
The fundamental problem in audition is determining the mechanisms required by the brain to transform an unlabelled mixture of auditory stimuli into coherent perceptual representations. This process is called auditory-scene analysis. The perceptual representations that result from auditory-scene analysis are formed through a complex interaction of perceptual grouping, attention, categorization and decision-making. Despite a great deal of scientific energy devoted to understanding these aspects of hearing, we still do not understand (1) how sound perception arises from neural activity and (2) the causal relationship between neural activity and sound perception. Here, we review the role of the "ventral" auditory pathway in sound perception. We hypothesize that, in the early parts of the auditory cortex, neural activity reflects the auditory properties of a stimulus. However, in latter parts of the auditory cortex, neurons encode the sensory evidence that forms an auditory decision and are causally involved in the decision process. Finally, in the prefrontal cortex, which receives input from the auditory cortex, neural activity reflects the actual perceptual decision. Together, these studies indicate that the ventral pathway contains hierarchical circuits that are specialized for auditory perception and scene analysis.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Auditory Cortex; Auditory Pathways; Auditory Perception; Humans; Sound
PubMed: 27080679
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25474-6_40 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Nov 2011A particularly prominent model of auditory cortical function proposes that a dorsal brain pathway, emanating from the posterior auditory cortex, is primarily concerned... (Review)
Review
A particularly prominent model of auditory cortical function proposes that a dorsal brain pathway, emanating from the posterior auditory cortex, is primarily concerned with processing the spatial features of sounds. In the present paper, we outline some difficulties with a strict functional interpretation of this pathway, and highlight the recent trend to understand this pathway in terms of one that uses acoustic information to guide motor output towards objects of interest. In this spirit, we consider the possibility that some of the auditory spatial processing activity that has been observed in the dorsal pathway may actually be understood as a form of action processing in which the visual system may be guided to a particular location of interest. In this regard, attentional orientation may be considered a low-level form of action planning. Incorporating an auditory-guided motor aspect to the dorsal pathway not only offers a more holistic account of auditory processing, but also provides a more ecologically valid perspective on auditory processing in dorsal brain regions.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Auditory Cortex; Auditory Pathways; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Eye Movements; Humans; Models, Neurological; Orientation; Sound Localization
PubMed: 21530585
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.005 -
Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der... Nov 2020
Topics: Auditory Pathways; Humans; Photic Stimulation; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception
PubMed: 33151435
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01082-w -
Gaceta Medica de Mexico 2014In this paper we studied the central auditory pathway (CAP) from an anatomical, physiological and neurochemical standpoint, from the inner ear, brainstem, thalamus to... (Review)
Review
In this paper we studied the central auditory pathway (CAP) from an anatomical, physiological and neurochemical standpoint, from the inner ear, brainstem, thalamus to the temporal auditory cortex. The characteristics of the spiral ganglion of Corti, auditory nerve, cochlear nuclei, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory cortex, including the auditory efferent pathway, are given. CAP is described as the electrical impulses, travelling through axons, allowing ions to enter a neuron and vesicles with neurotransmitters (NT) and then released into synaptic space. The NT changes the functioning of the cells; when attached to specific receptors on the next nerve cell, NT-receiver union causes input of ions through Gap sites, resulting in a postsynaptic potential that is spread over all CAP. In addition, the effects of the NT are not limited to the transmission, but as trophic agents that promote the formation of new neural networks. Even the anatomy, physiology, neurochemical aspects, and the different types of synapses are not fully understood to comprehend the organization of the CAP, but remain under investigation because of the relevance for the treatment of various central auditory disorders.
Topics: Auditory Cortex; Auditory Pathways; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 25275847
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Oct 2015Sound is encoded by spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the hearing organ, the cochlea, with great temporal, spectral and intensity resolution. When hearing fails,... (Review)
Review
Sound is encoded by spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the hearing organ, the cochlea, with great temporal, spectral and intensity resolution. When hearing fails, electric stimulation by implanted prostheses can partially restore hearing. Optical stimulation promises a fundamental advance of hearing restoration over electric prostheses since light can be conveniently focused and hence might dramatically improve frequency resolution of sound encoding. Combining optogenetic manipulation of neurons with innovative optical stimulation technology promises versatile spatiotemporal stimulation patterns in the auditory system. Therefore, using optical stimulation of SGNs also has great potential for auditory research. Here, I review recent progress in optogenetic stimulation of the auditory system and its potential for future application in research and hearing restoration.
Topics: Animals; Auditory Pathways; Biomedical Research; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Humans; Optogenetics
PubMed: 25637880
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.004 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the main cause of non-hereditary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In order to shed light on SNHL pathophysiology, we...
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the main cause of non-hereditary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In order to shed light on SNHL pathophysiology, we examined the auditory pathway in CMV-infected fetuses; the temporal lobe, in particular the auditory cortex, and the inner ear. We investigated both inner ears and temporal lobes of 20 human CMV-infected fetuses at 21 weeks of gestation. As a negative group, five fetuses from spontaneous miscarriages without CMV infection were studied. Inner ears and temporal lobes were histologically examined, immunohistochemistry for CMV and CMV-PCR were performed. On the auditory cortex, we evaluated the local microglial reaction to the infection. CMV-positive cells were found in 14/20 brains and the damage was classified as severe, moderate, or mild, according to histological features. Fetuses with severe brain damage had a statistically higher temporal lobe viral load and a higher number of activated microglial cells in the auditory cortex compared to fetuses with mild brain damage (: 0.01; : 0.01). In the inner ears, the marginal cells of the stria vascularis were the most CMV positive. In our study, CMV affected the auditory pathway, suggesting a tropism for this route. In addition, in the auditory cortex, microglial activation may favor further tissue damage contributing to hearing loss.
Topics: Humans; Cytomegalovirus; Auditory Pathways; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Fetus
PubMed: 38473883
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052636 -
Journal of Comparative Physiology. A,... Jan 2015Hearing in insects serves to gain information in the context of mate finding, predator avoidance or host localization. For these goals, the auditory pathways of insects... (Review)
Review
Hearing in insects serves to gain information in the context of mate finding, predator avoidance or host localization. For these goals, the auditory pathways of insects represent the computational substrate for object recognition and localization. Before these higher level computations can be executed in more central parts of the nervous system, the signals need to be preprocessed in the auditory periphery. Here, we review peripheral preprocessing along four computational themes rather than discussing specific physiological mechanisms: (1) control of sensitivity by adaptation, (2) recoding of amplitude modulations of an acoustic signal into a labeled-line code (3) frequency processing and (4) conditioning for binaural processing. Along these lines, we review evidence for canonical computations carried out in the peripheral auditory pathway and show that despite the vast diversity of insect hearing, signal processing is governed by common computational motifs and principles.
Topics: Animals; Auditory Pathways; Hearing; Insecta; Models, Neurological; Neurons
PubMed: 25358727
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-014-0956-5