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Folia Microbiologica Mar 2018Different strains of the saprophytic yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (Ascomycota: Dothideales) exhibit different biochemical characteristics, while their... (Review)
Review
Different strains of the saprophytic yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (Ascomycota: Dothideales) exhibit different biochemical characteristics, while their ubiquitous occurrence across diverse habitats and environmental conditions makes them an easily accessible source for biotechnological exploitation. They are useful in agricultural and industrial applications. Their antagonistic activities against postharvest pathogens make them suitable bioagents for the postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables, while they possess antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi. Additionally, A. pullulans appears to be a potent source of single-cell protein. Many strains of A. pullulans harbor a wide range of industrially important enzymes, while the trademark exopolysaccharide pullulan that they produce has been extensively studied and is currently used in many applications. They also produce poly (β-L-malic acid), heavy oil liamocins, siderophore, and aubasidan-like β-glucan which are of interest for future applications. Ongoing studies suggest that A. pullulans holds many more interesting properties capable of further potential biotechnological applications.
Topics: Ascomycota; Fungal Proteins; Glucans; Industrial Microbiology
PubMed: 29079936
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0561-4 -
Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology Apr 2006Corneal ulcer caused by Aureobasidium pullulans is considered to be a rare entity. So far very few reports have appeared in the world literature and the authors'...
BACKGROUND
Corneal ulcer caused by Aureobasidium pullulans is considered to be a rare entity. So far very few reports have appeared in the world literature and the authors' hospital is the first to report from Nepal. Although A. pullulans is regarded as a contaminant, it should be considered as a pathogen if isolated from corneal ulcer specimen with clinical signs of infection and with growth of the organism on two or more culture media or growth in one medium with consistent direct microscopy findings or growth of the same organism on repeated corneal scrapings. In the present study, a series of proven cases of A. pullulans corneal ulcers at a tertiary eye care centre of Eastern Nepal is reported.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of stored data of microbiological and clinical cases of corneal ulcer was carried out. All consecutive patients (447 patients) with presumed microbial keratitis from 1 August 1998 to 31 July 2001 were evaluated with regards to clinical details, microbiological examination and management.
RESULTS
Of 200 fungal organisms isolated from the cultures, 25 were identified as A. pullulans. These ulcers showed negligible improvement to topical natamycin and required either topical fluconazole or topical itraconazole in all along with systemic intravenous fluconazole in eight patients. Of 25 eyes, 22 responded well to antifungal therapy and 2 required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. One patient was lost to follow up for 3 months and revealed phthisis bulbi on subsequent examination.
CONCLUSIONS
Aureobasidium pullulans corneal infection should be considered as a cause of keratomycosis.
Topics: Ascomycota; Corneal Ulcer; Eye Infections, Fungal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 16671907
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01201.x -
Medical Mycology Case Reports Sep 2022is a yeast-like dematiaceous fungus ubiquitous in nature. It is a rare cause of skin and soft tissue infection, peritonitis, and catheter-related fungemia in certain...
is a yeast-like dematiaceous fungus ubiquitous in nature. It is a rare cause of skin and soft tissue infection, peritonitis, and catheter-related fungemia in certain human hosts. We report a case of recurrent catheter-related fungemia that was successfully treated with caspofungin, posaconazole, and catheter removal.
PubMed: 35855930
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2022.06.004 -
Natural Product Research Jul 2023Mannans has been attracted the interest in various sectors due to its promising applications. The low toxicity of mannans allows for their use in cosmetics,...
Mannans has been attracted the interest in various sectors due to its promising applications. The low toxicity of mannans allows for their use in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. In this study, the α-D-mannan extraction conditions from by alkaline extraction were optimized using a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The effect of temperature (°C), pH and extraction time (hours) on the yield of α-mannan was investigated. The conditions that produced the highest yield (26%) were a temperature of 92 °C, extraction time of 3 h and pH 13. In addition, the α-D-mannan structure was confirmed by methylation analysis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, and GC-MS.
Topics: Mannans; Temperature; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 35086400
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2029859 -
Phytopathology Jul 2023Fire blight, caused by , is a devastating disease of apple. Blossom Protect, a product that contains as the active ingredient, is one of the most effective biological...
Fire blight, caused by , is a devastating disease of apple. Blossom Protect, a product that contains as the active ingredient, is one of the most effective biological controls of fire blight. It has been postulated that the mode of action of is to compete against and antagonize epiphytic growth of on flowers, but recent studies have found that flowers treated with Blossom Protect harbored similar to or only slightly reduced populations compared with nontreated flowers. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that -mediated biocontrol of fire blight is the result of induced host resistance. We found that genes in the systemic acquired resistance pathway, but not genes in the induced systemic resistance pathway, were induced in hypanthial tissue of apple flowers after the Blossom Protect treatment. Additionally, the induction of gene expression was coupled with an increase of plant-derived salicylic acid in this tissue. After inoculation with gene expression was suppressed in nontreated flowers, but in flowers pretreated with Blossom Protect, the heightened expression offset the immune repression caused by , and prevented infection. Temporal and spatial analysis of gene induction showed that induction of genes occurred 2 days after the Blossom Protect treatment, and required direct flower-yeast contact. Finally, we observed deterioration of the epidermal layer of the hypanthium in some of the Blossom Protect-treated flowers, suggesting that gene induction in flowers may be a result of pathogenesis by .
Topics: Malus; Plant Diseases; Flowers; Gene Expression
PubMed: 36794987
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-22-0452-R -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Feb 1993
Topics: Catheters, Indwelling; Female; Fungemia; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Middle Aged; Mitosporic Fungi
PubMed: 8443324
DOI: 10.1093/clind/16.2.338-a -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The Korean fir tree , an endangered species in Korea, faces threats primarily from climate change-induced stress and drought. This study proposed a sustainable method to...
The Korean fir tree , an endangered species in Korea, faces threats primarily from climate change-induced stress and drought. This study proposed a sustainable method to enhance drought tolerance using a black yeast-like fungus identified as (AK10). The 16S/ITS metabarcoding analysis assessed the impact of drought and AK10 treatment on the seedlings' rhizosphere microbiome. Results revealed a profound drought influence on the microbiome, particularly affecting fungal mycobiota. Drought-stressed seedlings exhibited elevated Agaricaceae levels, opportunistic fungi generally associated with decomposition. AK10 treatment significantly mitigated this proliferation and increased the relative abundance of beneficial fungi like and , known biocontrol agents and phosphate solubilizers. A notable reduction in the phytopathogenic levels was observed with AK10, alongside an increase in beneficial bacteria, including and . Furthermore, the conducted correlation analysis shed light on microbial interrelationships within the rhizosphere, elucidating potential co-associations and antagonisms. Taken together, the isolated AK10 identified in this study serves as a potential biostimulant, enhancing the drought tolerance in through beneficial alterations in the rhizosphere microbiome. This approach presents a promising strategy for the conservation of this endangered species.
PubMed: 37896116
DOI: 10.3390/plants12203653 -
Nutrients Jan 2021The black yeast produces abundant soluble β-1,3-1,6-glucan-a functional food ingredient with known health benefits. For use as a food material, soluble... (Review)
Review
The black yeast produces abundant soluble β-1,3-1,6-glucan-a functional food ingredient with known health benefits. For use as a food material, soluble β-1,3-1,6-glucan is produced via fermentation using sucrose as the carbon source. Various functionalities of β-1,3-1,6-glucan have been reported, including its immunomodulatory effect, particularly in the intestine. It also exhibits antitumor and antimetastatic effects, alleviates influenza and food allergies, and relieves stress. Moreover, it reduces the risk of lifestyle-related diseases by protecting the intestinal mucosa, reducing fat, lowering postprandial blood glucose, promoting bone health, and healing gastric ulcers. Furthermore, it induces heat shock protein 70. Clinical studies have reported the antiallergic and triglyceride-reducing effects of β-1,3-1,6-glucan, which are indicators of improvement in lifestyle-related diseases. The primary and higher-order structures of β-1,3-1,6-glucan have been elucidated. Specifically, it comprises a single highly-branched glucose residue with the β-1,6 bond (70% or more) on a backbone of glucose with 1,3-β bonds. β-Glucan shows a triple helical structure, and studies on its use as a drug delivery system have been actively conducted. β-Glucan in combination with anti-inflammatory substances or fullerenes can be used to target macrophages. Based on its health functionality, β-1,3-1,6-glucan is an interesting material as both food and medicine.
Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antiviral Agents; Aureobasidium; Drug Delivery Systems; Fermentation; Functional Food; Glucans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Life Style; Macrophages; Solubility
PubMed: 33467004
DOI: 10.3390/nu13010242 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Apr 2009It has been well documented that Aureobasidium pullulans is widely distributed in different environments. Different strains of A. pullulans can produce amylase,... (Review)
Review
It has been well documented that Aureobasidium pullulans is widely distributed in different environments. Different strains of A. pullulans can produce amylase, proteinase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, transferases, pullulan, siderophore, and single-cell protein, and the genes encoding proteinase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, and siderophore have been cloned and characterized. Therefore, like Aspergillus spp., it is a biotechnologically important yeast that can be used in different fields. So it is very important to sequence the whole genomic DNA of the yeast cells in order to find new more bioproducts and novel genes from this yeast.
Topics: Aquaculture; Ascomycota; Biological Products; Glucans; Hydrolases; Industrial Microbiology; Pest Control, Biological; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Siderophores
PubMed: 19198830
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1882-2 -
Phytopathology Feb 2022Gray mold caused by is a common postharvest disease in strawberries, reducing shelf life considerably. We investigated the potential of the yeast-like biocontrol fungus...
Gray mold caused by is a common postharvest disease in strawberries, reducing shelf life considerably. We investigated the potential of the yeast-like biocontrol fungus (AP-SLU6) vectored by bumblebees () in the Flying Doctors system to inhibit the pathogen and increase the shelf life of harvested strawberries (cultivar Sonata). Using bumblebees as vectors of various biocontrol agents is becoming increasingly popular, but any potentially negative effects on bee performance have been understudied. Our results show that, over the 4-week period of the trial, the performance and activity of the bees were not negatively affected by . . The bees successfully picked up the powder formulation; then, they carried and deposited it on the flowers. The vectoring of the biocontrol agent significantly reduced gray mold development on the harvested fruits by 45% and increased shelf life by 100% in comparison with control treatments. This suggests that the biocontrol fungus applied during flowering successfully reduced infection and thus, effectively protected the fruits from gray mold. In addition, the bee-vectored application of the biocontrol agent was found to be significantly more effective than spray application because the latter may temporarily increase humidity around the flower, thereby creating a suitable environment for the pathogen to thrive. In summary, our study demonstrates that . vectored by bumblebees can decrease gray mold infection and improve the shelf life of strawberries without adversely affecting the bees, thus providing a basis for the sustainable and efficient control of gray mold on strawberry.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
Topics: Animals; Aureobasidium; Bees; Botrytis; Fragaria; Fruit; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 34181440
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-21-0205-R