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Zhongguo Zhen Jiu = Chinese Acupuncture... Apr 2023To observe the clinical effect of bloodletting at auricular dorsal vein combined with auricular point sticking on menstrual migraine (MM) of stagnation and blood...
[Bloodletting at auricular dorsal vein combined with auricular point sticking for menstrual migraine of stagnation and blood stasis and its effect on serum levels of E and 5-HT].
OBJECTIVE
To observe the clinical effect of bloodletting at auricular dorsal vein combined with auricular point sticking on menstrual migraine (MM) of stagnation and blood stasis, and explore its possible mechanism.
METHODS
A total of 102 cases of MM with stagnation and blood stasis were randomly divided into an observation group (51 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (51 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group were treated with bloodletting at auricular dorsal vein combined with auricular point sticking. The bloodletting was performed at vein at upper 1/3 of the dorsalis near the ear helix; the auricular point sticking was performed at Pizhixia (AT), Neifenmi (CO), Jiaogan (AH), Nie (AT), Zhen (AT), Shenmen (TF) and Yidan (CO). The auricular points of both ears were alternate used. From 7 days before the onset of menstruation, bloodletting at auricular dorsal vein was given once every 7 days, 3 times were taken as a course of treatment, and 1 course of treatment was given; the auricular point sticking was given once every 3 days, and 6 times of treatment were given. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of flunarizine hydrochloride capsules. From 7 days before the onset of menstruation, flunarizine hydrochloride was given 2 capsules per time, once a day for 3 weeks. The menstrual headache index and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the two groups were observed before treatment, one menstrual cycle into treatment and the first and the second menstrual cycle after treatment; the migraine-specific quality of life questionnaire (MSQ) score and the serum levels of estradiol (E) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were compared before treatment and one menstrual cycle into treatment; the clinical efficacy was evaluated at one menstrual cycle into treatment.
RESULTS
Compared before treatment, the menstrual headache index and VAS scores were reduced at one menstrual cycle into treatment and the first and second menstrual cycle after treatment in the two groups (<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (<0.05). Compared before treatment, the MSQ scores and the serum levels of E and 5-HT in the two groups were increased at one menstrual cycle into treatment (<0.05), and those in the observation group were higher than the control group (<0.05). The total effective rate was 95.8% (46/48) in the observation group, which was higher than 73.5% (36/49) in the control group (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Bloodletting at auricular dorsal vein combined with auricular point sticking could relieve headache intensity, improve the quality of life in patients with MM of stagnation and blood stasis, which may be achieved by raising the serum levels of E and 5-HT to improve the level of hormone in the body.
Topics: Female; Humans; Acupuncture, Ear; Bloodletting; Serotonin; Capsules; Flunarizine; Qi; Quality of Life; Migraine Disorders; Headache; Treatment Outcome; Acupuncture Points
PubMed: 37068820
DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20221008-k0009 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Sep 2023Retromandibular vein (RMV) and posterior belly of digastric muscle are among the landmarks used to identify facial nerve in parotid surgery. This observational...
Retromandibular vein (RMV) and posterior belly of digastric muscle are among the landmarks used to identify facial nerve in parotid surgery. This observational cross-sectional study was done in the Department of ENT &HNS at a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 8 years with the aim to aware young otorhinolaryngologist about the relationship of posterior belly of digastric muscle & retromandibular vein with facial nerve and share our experience about preservation of posterior branch of greater auricular nerve. A total of 34 cases of superficial parotidectomies done for pleomorphic adenoma were included in this study. Relationship of facial nerve with retromandibular vein and posterior belly of digastric muscle was noted. Greater auricular nerve was identified, and every attempt was made to preserve its posterior branch. Retromandibular vein was medial to the trunks of facial nerve in 33 (97%) patients. It was lateral to lower division and medial to upper division in one case. Greater auricular nerve was seen to bifurcate into two branches (Anterior and posterior) in 21 (62%) cases while in one case(3%) three branches were seen emerging from main trunk and in another case(3%) first two branches were seen emerging and then anterior branch was further dividing into two. Preservation of posterior branch of greater auricular nerve was possible in 23 (68%) of patients. Posterior belly of digastric muscle was seen as a reliable and constant landmark. Facial nerve was seen superior to upper border of posterior belly of digastric muscle in all cases (100%). No anatomical variation of posterior belly was seen. Retromandibular vein is invariably seen medial to the trunks of facial nerve. Facial nerve is always seen superior to upper border of posterior belly of digastric muscle in almost all cases. Preservation of posterior branch of greater auricular nerve is possible in majority of the cases.
PubMed: 37636781
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03815-0 -
International Journal of Oral and... Nov 2021Nasal alar defects lead to facial disfigurement, and nasal ala reconstruction is an important treatment option. The vascularized composite auricular flap based on the...
Nasal alar defects lead to facial disfigurement, and nasal ala reconstruction is an important treatment option. The vascularized composite auricular flap based on the superficial temporal artery is an ideal option for a full-thickness nasal alar defect. However, the pedicle length and the discrepancy in artery diameter between the recipient vessel and flap pedicle continue to be major problems for free auricular composite tissue transfer. Considering that the angular artery is occasionally absent and the course of the infraorbital segment of the facial vein is constant, there are often no suitable vessels around the recipient site for anastomoses to the short pedicle of the flap. In the absence of a suitable recipient artery, an infraorbital segment of the facial vein measuring 2.5cm in length was taken as a graft for the anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery and superior labial artery. End-to-end anastomosis was performed easily. The flap was inset to reconstruct the contralateral ala. The facial vein graft for anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery and branch of the facial artery is a reliable and easy method to resolve the problem of a short pedicle and large artery discrepancy for nasal ala reconstruction with a vascularized composite helical rim flap.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Humans; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgical Flaps; Veins
PubMed: 33678491
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.02.022 -
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Nov 2005Blood is most frequently sampled for evaluation of serum antibodies or analysis of surface markers on peripheral blood cells. The protocols offered in this unit describe...
Blood is most frequently sampled for evaluation of serum antibodies or analysis of surface markers on peripheral blood cells. The protocols offered in this unit describe collection of blood from the orbital sinus or plexus of the mouse, rat, or hamster. With appropriate techniques, small amounts of blood can be obtained with little ill effect on the animal. Collection from the auricular vein or artery of the rabbit is also relatively unstressful to the animal. Bleeding procedures that should be performed on the anesthetized animal include collection from the mouse axillary plexus, cardiac puncture of the mouse, rat, hamster, or rabbit, and collection from the hamster abdominal aorta or vena cava.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Blood Specimen Collection; Cricetinae; Mice; Rats; Tail; Venae Cavae
PubMed: 18428617
DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.nsa04gs33 -
Current Protocols in Immunology Jul 2006Blood is most frequently sampled for evaluation of serum antibodies or analysis of surface markers on peripheral blood cells. The protocols offered in this unit describe...
Blood is most frequently sampled for evaluation of serum antibodies or analysis of surface markers on peripheral blood cells. The protocols offered in this unit describe collection of blood from the orbital sinus or plexus of the mouse, rat, or hamster. With appropriate techniques, small amounts of blood can be obtained with little ill effect on the animal. Collection from the auricular vein or artery of the rabbit is also relatively unstressful to the animal. Bleeding procedures that should be performed on the anesthetized animal include collection from the mouse axillary plexus, cardiac puncture of the mouse, rat, hamster, or rabbit, and collection from the hamster abdominal aorta or vena cava.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Blood Specimen Collection; Cricetinae; Mice; Muridae; Phlebotomy; Rabbits; Rats; Restraint, Physical
PubMed: 18432965
DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im0107s73 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryThe temporoparietal fascial (TPF) and occipital cranial fascial (OCP) flaps are the mainstay of implant coverage in alloplastic auricular reconstruction. Their optimal...
INTRODUCTION
The temporoparietal fascial (TPF) and occipital cranial fascial (OCP) flaps are the mainstay of implant coverage in alloplastic auricular reconstruction. Their optimal design is critical for elevating a robust flap that ultimately leads to favorable outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixteen TPF and OCP dissections were performed on 8 cadaveric specimens. Vascular anatomy and key landmarks were documented. The minimum flap size that incorporated ideal vasculature and would appropriately cover a porous polyethylene implant was measured.
RESULTS
The minimum flap dimensions (length × width × base width) to cover a standard PPE auricular implants were on average 11×8.3×6.4 cm for TPF and 13.1×8.6×6.5 cm for OCP. The average axial length of the superficial temporal artery and occipital artery were 12.51 and 13.2 cm, respectively. An "occipital elbow" was located on average 8.2 cm posterior to the external acoustic canal. The postauricular fascia contained additional contributions from the occipital artery and mastoid emissary vein, which was located on average 5.9 cm posterior to the superficial temporal artery.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the anatomic features behind optimal TPF and OCP flap design for auricular reconstruction. Contributions to axial length and anatomic relationships of their primary arterial supply, significance of the occipital elbow as a reliable landmark for fascial dissection, and importance of the postauricular fascia and its vascular supply for flap viability are emphasized. Ultimately, the authors provide minimal dimensions for both TPF and OCP flaps to obtain adequate alloplastic implant coverage.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Surgical Flaps; Fascia; Temporal Arteries; Polyethylene
PubMed: 36217234
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008698 -
Cureus Jun 2018The venous drainage of the neck can be characterized into superficial or deep. Superficial drainage refers to the venous drainage of the subcutaneous tissues, which are... (Review)
Review
The venous drainage of the neck can be characterized into superficial or deep. Superficial drainage refers to the venous drainage of the subcutaneous tissues, which are drained by the anterior and external jugular veins (EJVs). The brain, face, and neck structures are mainly drained by the internal jugular vein (IJV). The superficial veins are found deep to the platysma muscle while the deep veins are found encased in the carotid sheath. The junction of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein usually form the EJV, which continues along to drain into the subclavian vein. The anterior jugular vein is usually formed by the submandibular veins, travels downward anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), and drains either into the EJV or the subclavian vein. Other superficial veins of the neck to consider are the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins. The superior thyroid and middle thyroid veins drain into the IJV whereas the inferior thyroid vein usually drains into the brachiocephalic veins.
PubMed: 30131919
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2826 -
Neurosurgical Review Aug 2021The great auricular nerve (GAN) is a superficial branch of the cervical plexus that innervates parts of the mandible, auricle, and earlobe. Over the past 30 years, the... (Review)
Review
The great auricular nerve (GAN) is a superficial branch of the cervical plexus that innervates parts of the mandible, auricle, and earlobe. Over the past 30 years, the GAN has become the nerve graft donor of choice for many surgeons for reconstructing injured facial nerves. In this review, we discuss the anatomy and function of the GAN, while focusing on surgical landmarks and the characteristics that make it a suitable nerve graft donor. In addition, we present and summarize published case reports on use of the GAN for grafting. We hope that this review will provide surgeons with an up-to-date and concise reference.
Topics: Cadaver; Cervical Plexus; Facial Nerve; Humans; Mandible; Neurosurgical Procedures
PubMed: 33083927
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01426-9 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2023(1) : The external jugular vein (EJV) descends on the sternocleidomastoid muscle to drain deep into the subclavian vein. Anatomical variations of the EJV are relevant... (Review)
Review
(1) : The external jugular vein (EJV) descends on the sternocleidomastoid muscle to drain deep into the subclavian vein. Anatomical variations of the EJV are relevant for identification of the greater auricular nerve, flap design and preparation, or EJV cannulation. (2) : Different publications were comprehensively reviewed. Dissections and three-dimensional volume renderings of peculiar cases were used to sample the review. (3) : Different anatomical possibilities of the EJV were critically reviewed and documented: fenestrations and double fenestrations, true or false duplications, triplication, absence, aberrant origin or course, or bifurcation. Tributaries of the EJV, such as the facial and posterior external jugular veins, are discussed. The internal jugular vein termination of the EJV is also presented. (4) : Care should be taken when different morphological features of the EJV are encountered or reported.
Topics: Humans; Jugular Veins; Subclavian Vein; Face; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 36984623
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030622