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Behavioral and Neural Biology Mar 1980
Topics: Animals; Aurothioglucose; Body Composition; Body Weight; Brain; Female; Food Deprivation; Gold; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pituitary Gland
PubMed: 6767473
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-1047(80)92301-8 -
Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie 1987In a current German multicenter comparative study a minimum of 2 X 58 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will be treated 36 weeks with sulfasalazine or... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
In a current German multicenter comparative study a minimum of 2 X 58 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will be treated 36 weeks with sulfasalazine or aurothioglucose. The total time of observation will be 2 years. Up to September 1986 191 patients were recruited in the study, 81 patients divided into two treatment groups were treated for 36 weeks. A preliminary evaluation shows a significant reduction of the parameters of disease activity in both groups. In the sulfasalazine group favourable changes occur earlier than in the gold group. In comparison with gold sulfasalazine shows up to advantage concerning benefit/risk-ratio measured by the rate of side effects causing cessation of therapy and the rate of positive therapeutic response. On the basis of the preliminary data a comparison of grade and duration of ameliorations and of long-term tolerance of the two treatment regimens is not possible.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aurothioglucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Gold; Humans; Middle Aged; Sulfasalazine
PubMed: 2885986
DOI: No ID Found -
Inflammation Research : Official... May 1996Loss of bone mass is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is increasingly considered to be due to the increased activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts....
Loss of bone mass is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is increasingly considered to be due to the increased activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Gold salts such as auranofin (AF), aurothioglucose (ATG) and aurothiomalate (ATM) have beneficial therapeutic effects in RA, but their mechanisms(s) of action is not well understood. In the present study we have examined the effects of these 3 gold salts on osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro, using the bone slice assay where bovine cortical bone slices are resorbed by osteoclasts disaggregated from the long bones of neonatal rats. All 3 gold salts inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption with IC50 values of AF = 0.1 microgram/ml, ATG and ATM = 1 microgram/ml. All 3 compounds caused a decreased survival of osteoclasts on bone slices at high concentrations indicating a cytotoxic effect that was also observed in a cytotoxicity assay with osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells. Preincubation of bone slices with various concentrations of AF followed by extensive washing prior to use in the bone slice assay also resulted in an inhibition of bone resorption (IC50 = 4 micrograms/ml) and osteoclast survival on the bone slices preincubated with high concentrations of AF was decreased. Since these effects were obtained with therapeutic concentrations of gold salts, these results indicate that inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption by gold salts may, at least in part, account for their beneficial effects in RA.
Topics: Animals; Antirheumatic Agents; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Bone Resorption; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Gold Sodium Thiomalate; In Vitro Techniques; Osteoclasts; Rats
PubMed: 8737745
DOI: 10.1007/BF02259608 -
Thyroid : Official Journal of the... Apr 1995Gold inhibits the Type I deiodinase that provides the bulk of circulating T3 in humans. We prospectively studied thyroid function in patients receiving increasing... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Gold inhibits the Type I deiodinase that provides the bulk of circulating T3 in humans. We prospectively studied thyroid function in patients receiving increasing parenteral cumulative gold doses. Eight consecutive euthyroid patients with rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis who were initiating intramuscular gold therapy were enrolled. Serum thyroid hormone levels (total T4, T3, and rT3) and TSH were measured for each subject at various levels during gold therapy. For analysis, the free T4 and free T3 indices, TSH concentrations, and T4/T3 ratios were correlated with cumulative gold dose. Neither individual nor pooled linear regressions showed a significant correlation between cumulative gold dose and any of the thyroid function parameters. Thyroid function is not affected in patients receiving up to 1500 mg of gold compounds. The most likely explanation for this is that gold principally accumulates in the Kupffer cells and renal cortex and these cells do not express Type I deiodinase.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aurothioglucose; Female; Gold Sodium Thiomalate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones
PubMed: 7647570
DOI: 10.1089/thy.1995.5.113 -
American Journal of Public Health Apr 1986Measurements of disease burden focus most often on economic outputs--neglecting effects on quality of life. More comprehensive quantification is based on what people...
Measurements of disease burden focus most often on economic outputs--neglecting effects on quality of life. More comprehensive quantification is based on what people would pay or risk to avoid illness. Many, however, find it difficult to respond thoughtfully to hypothetical questions about what they would pay or risk. With response rates frequently under 50 per cent, the practicality of these methods has been of concern. In this study, specially trained interviewers asked 247 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis how much of their income they would pay and how large a mortal risk they would accept to achieve a hypothetical cure. Ninety-eight per cent of the subjects estimated their maximum acceptable risk (MAR) at an average 27 per cent chance of immediate death. Eighty-four per cent gave plausible responses to the willingness-to-pay (WTP) questions, with a mean WTP of 22 per cent of household income. The aspect of disease most strongly associated with WTP was impairment in activities of daily living; measured pain was most associated with MAR. The response rates achieved indicate the overall feasibility of these methods; the associations of WTP and MAR with other variables suggest systematic consideration of personal circumstances.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Attitude to Health; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Double-Blind Method; Economics, Medical; Educational Status; Employment; Family; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Pain; Random Allocation; Risk; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 3082226
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.76.4.392 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... May 1983A patient suffered chronic interstitial nephritis after receiving large quantities of gold salts for rheumatoid arthritis. Gold deposits were seen with transmission...
A patient suffered chronic interstitial nephritis after receiving large quantities of gold salts for rheumatoid arthritis. Gold deposits were seen with transmission electron microscopy and confirmed by microprobe x-ray analysis both within renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial macrophages and free within the renal interstitium. Clinical resolution of renal failure followed discontinuation of therapy with gold salts. Probable mechanisms of injury to renal tubular epithelial cells include uptake of gold by tubular epithelial cells and incorporation of gold into mitochondria, with subsequent cellular injury; interstitial deposits probably occur after necrosis of tubular epithelial cells, with release of gold into the interstitium and resultant inflammation. Thus, chronic interstitial nephritis can be added to the patterns of renal injury seen after gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aurothioglucose; Chronic Disease; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Gold; Humans; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; Male; Middle Aged; Nephritis, Interstitial
PubMed: 6404236
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinarni Medicina Apr 1976To mature female mice of the "H" strain aurothioglucose was applied, once in the dose of 1 mg g-1 of live weight i. p. In the case of feeding ad libitum we determined,...
To mature female mice of the "H" strain aurothioglucose was applied, once in the dose of 1 mg g-1 of live weight i. p. In the case of feeding ad libitum we determined, after three months of the experiment, the nitrogen total in the fatfree dry substance. On an average the values of the total N in the animals were, after the injection of aurothioglucose, equal to those of the control animals, and the values of the nitrogen total with regard to the fatfree dry substance were practically the same.
Topics: Animals; Aurothioglucose; Female; Gold; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Metabolism; Mice; Nitrogen
PubMed: 824782
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism Feb 1984Auranofin is a chemically unique gold coordination complex with demonstrated antiarthritic properties on oral administration. Its pharmacokinetic and immunologic... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Auranofin is a chemically unique gold coordination complex with demonstrated antiarthritic properties on oral administration. Its pharmacokinetic and immunologic profiles are distinct from injectable gold compounds. When auranofin is added to a regimen of salicylates and/or a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug for the treatment of RA, significant additional therapeutic benefit is observed. Published studies indicate that auranofin given 6 mg per day approaches the efficacy of parenteral gold salts in the treatment of rheumatoid disease. Noticeable improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters of disease activity has been observed by the third month of auranofin therapy. Further benefit occurs in some patients during the remainder of the first year of treatment. In the more than 3,000 patients treated with auranofin, the most frequently reported side effects were gastrointestinal (mainly diarrhea) and mucocutaneous. Most side effects were mild in nature and the withdrawal rate due to all adverse reactions averaged 11%. Auranofin differs from injectable gold by producing more gastrointestinal but fewer mucocutaneous reactions. The severity of these reactions is less with auranofin and causes fewer withdrawals from therapy.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Gold; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Intestinal Absorption; Metabolic Clearance Rate
PubMed: 6427927
DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(84)90029-5 -
Arthritis and Rheumatism May 1982
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Drug Evaluation; Gold; Humans; Propionates; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 6805479
DOI: 10.1002/art.1780250518 -
The American Journal of Medicine Dec 1983Two separate, double-blind studies examined the most appropriate starting dose of auranofin, an orally administered gold compound, for the management of rheumatoid... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Two separate, double-blind studies examined the most appropriate starting dose of auranofin, an orally administered gold compound, for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. One study indicated that neither of the two tested doses, 1 or 9 mg auranofin daily, was ideal; the 1 mg dose was insufficient therapeutically, whereas the 9 mg dose was associated with frequent lower gastrointestinal side effects. In the other study, which compared 2 and 6 mg auranofin daily, both doses resulted in similar clinical improvement and untoward effects, although the higher dose had greater efficacy sooner. Thus, it appears that 6 mg auranofin daily is the most appropriate starting dose.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gold; Humans; Male; Random Allocation
PubMed: 6419594
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(83)90485-0