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The Medical Letter on Drugs and... Oct 1985
Clinical Trial
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gold; Humans; Kinetics
PubMed: 3932827
DOI: No ID Found -
Physiology & Behavior 1987Previous studies suggest species differences in the central neural effects of gold thioglucose (GTG). To further assess these differences, we studied the effects of...
Previous studies suggest species differences in the central neural effects of gold thioglucose (GTG). To further assess these differences, we studied the effects of single intraperitoneal injections of GTG on the brains of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Within 48 hr of treatment, each of the GTG doses tested (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg) had produced lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamus and area postrema. These findings are of interest since they identify the hamster as the first animal known to be susceptible to GTG-induced lesion formation, but resistant to the hyperphagia commonly associated with glucose analog glucoprivation.
Topics: Animals; Aurothioglucose; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Gold; Hypothalamus, Middle; Mesocricetus
PubMed: 3106997
DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(87)90228-9 -
The Journal of Rheumatology Jun 1985
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aurothioglucose; Blindness; Gold; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 3930722
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Sep 1983
Review
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aurothioglucose; Delivery, Obstetric; Diagnosis, Differential; Diseases in Twins; Female; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 6311471
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the Louisiana State... Feb 1988
Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aurothioglucose; Female; Gold; Humans; Pneumonia; Prednisone; Radiography
PubMed: 3126261
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Pharmacy 1984
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Gold; Humans
PubMed: 6426845
DOI: No ID Found -
Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology.... 1983The intramuscular (gold sodium thiomalate and aurothioglucose) and the orally (auranofin) administered gold compounds exhibit contrasting patterns of absorption,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The intramuscular (gold sodium thiomalate and aurothioglucose) and the orally (auranofin) administered gold compounds exhibit contrasting patterns of absorption, excretion and body tissue and fluid levels. The parenteral compounds are fully absorbed after injection but negligibly absorbed orally. Approximately 25% of the gold in auranofin is orally absorbed. Serum gold levels peak several hours after injection during conventional weekly treatment, attaining concentrations of 600-800 micrograms/dl, and then decline gradually, reaching 300-350 micrograms/dl before the next injection. Whole blood gold levels with auranofin vary from 10 to 90 micrograms/dl with doses of 1-9 mg/day. Blood gold levels plateau after 6-8 weeks with the injectable compounds and after 12 weeks with oral gold, reflecting the shorter blood half-life of gold sodium thiomalate (5.5 days) than of auranofin (17-26 days). A larger fraction of gold is within or attached to circulating blood cells, especially erythrocytes, with auranofin than with injectable gold. Fourty percent of the administered dose is excreted during injectable chrysotherapy, and 75-100% is recovered in excreta with auranofin. Parenteral gold is excreted primarily in urine (70%) while auranofin gold is recovered primarily in faeces (95%). Approximately 43% of intravenous radiolabelled gold sodium thiomalate is retained in the body at 60 days and 30% at 180 days; only 15% of radiolabelled auranofin remains at 10 days and less than 1% at 180 days. During injectable therapy, the total body burden of gold rises steadily; preliminary studies suggest minimal tissue accumulation with auranofin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Gold; Gold Sodium Thiomalate; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Kinetics
PubMed: 6426043
DOI: 10.3109/03009748309095338 -
The Journal of Pharmacology and... Jan 1986Spirogermanium is a novel metal containing azaspirane compound with reported antitumor activity. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that spirogermanium...
Spirogermanium is a novel metal containing azaspirane compound with reported antitumor activity. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that spirogermanium also exhibits antiarthritic and immunoregulatory activities after p.o. administration to rats. Spirogermanium decreased hindleg inflammatory lesions of adjuvant arthritic rats when administered p.o. before or after the development of the arthritic lesions. After termination of spirogermanium administration, the adjuvant-injected hindleg lesions remained significantly suppressed for at least 2 weeks postdrug treatment; whereas, the uninjected, immune-mediated hindleg inflammation tended to increase postdrug treatment. In multiparameter ex vivo studies, untreated arthritic rats exhibited enhanced cyanine dye fluorescence in peripheral blood monocytes, enhanced interleukin (IL)-1 production by adherent spleen cells and depressed IL-2 and IL-3 production by splenic lymphocytes. Spirogermanium normalized these changes to various degrees, with the exception of the depressed IL-2 and IL-3 production. Spirogermanium administered to normal nonarthritic rats decreased mitogenic responses of spleen cells to Concanavalin A which was found to be caused, at least in part, by enhanced suppressor cell activity. The antiarthritic and immunoregulatory profile of spirogermanium appeared to be different from the profiles of the antiarthritic agents, auranofin and indomethacin.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Concanavalin A; Fluorescence; Germanium; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-2; Macrophages; Male; Monocytes; Organometallic Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Spiro Compounds; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 2934544
DOI: No ID Found -
Drugs May 1984
Review
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Drug Evaluation; Humans
PubMed: 6426922
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-198427050-00001 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... 2001Patients with chronic severe asthma are often dependent on the long term prescription of oral corticosteroids. The use of steroids is associated with serious side... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patients with chronic severe asthma are often dependent on the long term prescription of oral corticosteroids. The use of steroids is associated with serious side effects. Physicians treating such patients continue to search for alternative therapies that reduce the need for chronic dosing with oral steroids. Gold compounds are immunosuppressive agents and have benefits in the treatment of a number of inflammatory disorders. They have therefore been identified as an potentially useful agents in the treatment of chronic severe asthma both in terms of possible efficacy and as steroid sparing agents.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to assess the effects of adding gold to oral steroids in the treatment of chronic steroid dependent asthmatics.
SEARCH STRATEGY
The Cochrane Airways Group trials register and reference lists of identified articles were searched.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised trials looking at the addition of gold compared to placebo in adult steroid dependent asthmatics.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Trial quality was assessed and data extraction was carried out by two reviewers independently. Study authors were contacted for missing information.
MAIN RESULTS
Three trials fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the review and a total of 376 patients were recruited into these studies. Data from 311 patients could be analysed. There was a small but significant treatment effect for gold in terms of steroid dose reduction (Peto Odds Ratio 0.51, 95% confidence intervals 0.31,0.83). No meta-analysis could be done for measures of lung function although overall there were few changes suggesting a positive benefit for gold. There were trends suggestive of adverse effects but no significant changes for gold treated patients with respect to proteinuria (Peto Odds Ratio 1.4, 95% confidence intervals 0.6, 3.3) dermatitis/eczema Peto Odds Ratio 2.1, 95% confidence intervals 0.9, 4.7).
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
The changes seen in these trials are small and probably of limited clinical significance. Given the side effects of gold and necessity for monitoring the use of gold as a steroid sparing agent in asthma cannot be recommended.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Auranofin; Aurothioglucose; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 11406053
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002985