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Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA Aug 2022The axilla nerve block is versatile and covers injuries from the elbow to the hand, such as wrist fracture reductions, and may be an option to improve patient care,...
The axilla nerve block is versatile and covers injuries from the elbow to the hand, such as wrist fracture reductions, and may be an option to improve patient care, reduce both length of stay and resource allocation.
Topics: Axilla; Emergency Service, Hospital; Hand; Humans; Nerve Block; Wrist
PubMed: 35560708
DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13986 -
Acta Orthopaedica Belgica Dec 2019The axilla is a region of clinical and surgical importance with plenty of anatomical variations. One of these is the presence of accessory muscles. The literature was...
The axilla is a region of clinical and surgical importance with plenty of anatomical variations. One of these is the presence of accessory muscles. The literature was reviewed in order to identify the different supernumerary muscles that are described in the axilla. Variant muscle slips arising from the pectoral muscle or latissimus dorsi muscle have been described. There still remains controversy regarding the phylogenetic origin of these different muscles. We described the most frequently reported muscles, their origin, and course. Further research is required regarding the innervation and influence on glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics.
Topics: Axilla; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Muscle, Skeletal; Pectoralis Muscles; Superficial Back Muscles; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32374231
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Family Practice Oct 2021The location of these lesions and the odorous fluid that drained from them pointed to the diagnosis. The acne on the patient's back was another clue.
The location of these lesions and the odorous fluid that drained from them pointed to the diagnosis. The acne on the patient's back was another clue.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Axilla; Blister; Humans
PubMed: 34818179
DOI: 10.12788/jfp.0281 -
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine :... Jul 2017Accessory breast tissue results from failed regression of primitive mammary tissue and is most often located in the axilla. Accessory breast tissue itself is normal and... (Review)
Review
Accessory breast tissue results from failed regression of primitive mammary tissue and is most often located in the axilla. Accessory breast tissue itself is normal and should not be misdiagnosed as an abnormality. Both benign and malignant diseases that occur in the normal breast can also develop in accessory breast tissue in the axilla. In this pictorial essay, we show sonographic findings of normal accessory breast tissue in the axilla and various lesions that occur in accessory axillary breast tissue, along with other imaging findings and pathologic features.
Topics: Axilla; Breast; Breast Diseases; Choristoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Ultrasonography, Mammary
PubMed: 28370098
DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.06056 -
Current Problems in Surgery Feb 2018
Review
Topics: Axilla; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
PubMed: 29555055
DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2018.01.003 -
European Journal of Surgical Oncology :... Jan 2020The surgical approach to the axilla in breast cancer has been a controversial issue for more than three decades. Data from recently published trials have provided... (Review)
Review
The surgical approach to the axilla in breast cancer has been a controversial issue for more than three decades. Data from recently published trials have provided practice-changing recommendations in this scenario. However, further controversies have been triggered in the surgical community, resulting in heterogeneous diffusion of these recommendations. The development of clinical guidelines for the management of the axilla in patients with breast cancer is a work in progress. A multidisciplinary team discussion was held at the research hospital Policlinico San Matteo from the Università degli Studi di Pavia with the aim to update recommendations for the management of the axilla in patients with breast cancer. An evidence-based approach is presented. Our multidisciplinary panel determined that axillary dissection after a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy may be avoided in cN0 patients with micro/macrometastasis to ≤2 sentinel nodes, with age ≥40y, lesions ≤3 cm, who have not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and have planned breast conservation (BCS) with whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT). Cases with gross (>2 mm) ECE in SLNs are evaluated on individual basis for completion ALND, axillary radiotherapy or omission of both. Patients fulfilling the criteria listed above who undergo mastectomy, may also avoid axillary dissection after multidisciplinary discussion of individual cases for consideration of axillary irradiation. Women 70 years or older with hormone receptors positive invasive lesions ≤3 cm, clinically negative nodes, and serious or multiple comorbidities who undergo BCS with WBRT, may forgo axillary staging/surgery (if mastectomy or larger tumor, comorbidities and life expectancy are taken into account).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Axilla; Breast Neoplasms; Consensus; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Italy; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
PubMed: 31445768
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.08.013 -
The Breast Journal Nov 2018Preoperative or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of breast cancer is a treatment approach that has gained in popularity in recent years. However, it is... (Review)
Review
Preoperative or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of breast cancer is a treatment approach that has gained in popularity in recent years. However, it is unclear if the treatment paradigms often employed for patients treated with surgery first hold true for those treated with preoperative chemotherapy. The role of sentinel node biopsy and the data supporting its use is different for those with clinically negative and clinically positive nodes prior to chemotherapy. For clinically node-negative patients, sentinel node biopsy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy may be appropriate. For those node-positive patients whose axillary disease resolves clinically, the false-negative rate of the sentinel node biopsy is high. However, there are measures that can reduce that rate. After surgery, the radiation oncologist is often faced with complicated decisions surrounding the optimal radiotherapy in this setting. Tailoring radiation plans based on chemotherapy response holds promise and is the subject of ongoing clinical trials. In the accompanying article, we review the current literature on both surgery and radiation in axillary management and describe the interplay between these two treatment modalities. This highlights the need for multidisciplinary management in making treatment decisions for patients treated in this manner.
Topics: Axilla; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
PubMed: 30255534
DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13116 -
Cutis Oct 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Axilla; Vulva
PubMed: 37988299
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0880 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Jul 2022A 71-year-old woman presented with a rash in the bilateral axillae. Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis with retention of basophilic keratohyalin...
A 71-year-old woman presented with a rash in the bilateral axillae. Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis with retention of basophilic keratohyalin granules.
Topics: Aged; Axilla; Exanthema; Female; Humans; Keratosis; Parakeratosis
PubMed: 35614868
DOI: 10.1111/ced.15169 -
Ultrasound Quarterly Jan 2021Ultrasound evaluation of the axilla plays a critical role in the setting of newly diagnosed breast cancer as surgical management evolves toward more targeted axillary...
Ultrasound evaluation of the axilla plays a critical role in the setting of newly diagnosed breast cancer as surgical management evolves toward more targeted axillary nodal resection. Regional nodal involvement by metastatic carcinoma is one of most important prognostic factors in breast cancer and guides local, regional, and systemic treatment. Ultrasound also evaluates response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This article will review ultrasound techniques and the anatomy and the morphology of axillary lymph nodes. Lymph node staging in breast cancer will also be discussed. Ultrasound-guided interventions and localizations and emerging technologies of elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound will be discussed. In addition, this article will discuss the role of ultrasound as it applies to management of the axilla since the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z011 and Z1071 trials. Finally, other causes of benign and malignant axillary lymphadenopathy, not related to breast cancer, are discussed.
Topics: Axilla; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33464028
DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000546