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International Journal of Systematic and... Dec 2008A Gram-positive, halophilic bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample from Ai-Ding salt lake in China. The isolate, designated strain 17-5(T), grew at salinities of...
A Gram-positive, halophilic bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample from Ai-Ding salt lake in China. The isolate, designated strain 17-5(T), grew at salinities of 8-33 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally at 12 %, w/v). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 17-5(T) was 48.1 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7(H(2)) and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 17-5(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis JCM 14087(T) (96.0 % sequence similarity) and Bacillus salarius DSM 16461(T) (95.6 %). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to other Bacillus species were less than 91.7 %. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence data, chemotaxonomy and phenotypic features of the novel isolate and related species of Bacillus indicated that strain 17-5(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus aidingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 17-5(T) (=CGMCC 1.3227(T)=DSM 18341(T)).
Topics: Bacillus; China; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salts; Seawater; Species Specificity
PubMed: 19060067
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.2008/000471-0 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2020The objective of this study was to construct a rapid, high-throughput, and biosafety-compatible screening method for and based on matrix-assisted laser desorption...
Novel Strategy for Rapidly and Safely Distinguishing Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus by Use of Peptide Mass Fingerprints Based on Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry.
The objective of this study was to construct a rapid, high-throughput, and biosafety-compatible screening method for and based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). MALDI-TOF MS coupled to ClinProTools was used to discover MALDI-TOF MS biomarker peaks and generate a classification model based on a genetic algorithm (GA) to differentiate between different and isolates. Thirty and 19 strains were used to construct and analyze the model, and 40 strains were used for validation. For the GA screening model, the cross-validation values, which reflect the ability of the model to handle variability among the test spectra, and the recognition capability values, which reflect the model's ability to correctly identify its component spectra, were all 100%. This model contained 10 biomarker peaks ( 3,339.9, 3,396.3, 3,682.4, 5,476.7, 6,610.6, 6,680.1, 7,365.3, 7,792.4, 9,475.8, and 10,934.1) used to correctly identify 28 and 12 isolates from 40 isolates, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. With the obvious advantages of being rapid, highly accurate, and highly sensitive and having a low cost and high throughput, MALDI-TOF MS ClinProTools is a powerful and reliable tool for screening and strains.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Humans; Peptides; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 33115846
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02358-20 -
Annales de Microbiologie 1983Four strains of Bacillus circulans sensu stricto (ATCC 4513 (type strain), 4515, 4516, and 4530) were subjected to 236 morphological, biochemical and physiological...
Four strains of Bacillus circulans sensu stricto (ATCC 4513 (type strain), 4515, 4516, and 4530) were subjected to 236 morphological, biochemical and physiological tests, including 162 carbon source utilization tests. B. circulans s. s. is a species of facultative anaerobes able to ferment carbohydrates. Many carbohydrates and a few aliphatic acids were used as sole carbon and energy sources, but amino acids were not. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of DNA (four strains studied) was 37.2 +/- 0.4 mol% (mean +/- standard deviation).
Topics: Bacillus; Phenotype
PubMed: 6651128
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2005A Gram-variable, motile, endospore-forming, halotolerant bacillus, strain JG-30(T), was isolated from the traditional Korean fermented seafood jeotgal, and was subjected...
A Gram-variable, motile, endospore-forming, halotolerant bacillus, strain JG-30(T), was isolated from the traditional Korean fermented seafood jeotgal, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. This organism grew optimally at 37 degrees C and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain JG-30(T) forms a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the genus Bacillus. Strain JG-30(T) was characterized chemotaxonomically as having cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(14 : 0) as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 45 mol%. Strain JG-30(T) exhibited levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of less than 95.7 % to Bacillus species with validly published names. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain JG-30(T) (=KCTC 3880(T)=DSM 16189(T)) was classified within the genus Bacillus as a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cibi sp. nov. is proposed.
Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fermentation; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seafood; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 15774653
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63208-0 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2021The genus Bacillus includes species with diverse natural histories, including free-living nonpathogenic heterotrophs such as B. subtilis and host-dependent pathogens...
The genus Bacillus includes species with diverse natural histories, including free-living nonpathogenic heterotrophs such as B. subtilis and host-dependent pathogens such as B. anthracis (the etiological agent of the disease anthrax) and B. cereus, a cause of food poisoning. Although highly similar genotypically, the ecological niches of these three species are mutually exclusive, which raises the untested hypothesis that their metabolism has speciated along a nutritional tract. Here, we developed a pipeline for quantitative total assessment of the use of diverse sources of carbon for general metabolism to better appreciate the "culinary preferences" of three distinct Bacillus species, as well as related Staphylococcus aureus. We show that each species has widely varying metabolic ability to utilize diverse sources of carbon that correlated to their ecological niches. This approach was applied to the growth and survival of B. anthracis in a blood-like environment and find metabolism shifts from sugar to amino acids as the preferred source of energy. Finally, various nutrients in broth and host-like environments are identified that may promote or interfere with bacterial metabolism during infection.
Topics: Bacillus; Carbon; Metabolome; Metabolomics
PubMed: 34903830
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03420-7 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2017To determine the responses of spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis surrogate Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam to I treatment.
AIMS
To determine the responses of spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis surrogate Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam to I treatment.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Spores of B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis killed by aqueous 30°C-I could germinate, and their inner membrane (IM) was intact. Spore coats were important in I resistance, DNA-protective proteins were not important, and survivors of I treatment were not mutagenized. Viabilities of I -treated, 90-98% killed spores were much lower on high-salinity media, and the treated spores were more heat sensitive than the untreated spores. Germinated I -killed spores were dead as determined by staining with nucleic acid dyes, and many appeared to have been lysed.
CONCLUSIONS
Aqueous I appeared to kill B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis spores such that spores lyse soon after they germinate, and not by causing DNA damage or rupture of spores' IM. I treatment also generated many damaged spores that could only be recovered under nonstressful conditions.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This work shows that spores of the model organism B. subtilis, and B. thuringiensis, a surrogate for B. anthracis spores, exhibit similar mechanisms of resistance to and killing by I . Generation by I treatment of conditionally dead spores indicates that appropriate media are essential to efficiently enumerate viable I -treated spores.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus subtilis; DNA Damage; Hot Temperature; Iodine; Spores, Bacterial
PubMed: 27696602
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13310 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2002A novel filamentous Bacillus strain, NAF001T, was reported previously that produces endospores and spore-like resting cells; the latter outgrow by budding. Phylogenetic...
A novel filamentous Bacillus strain, NAF001T, was reported previously that produces endospores and spore-like resting cells; the latter outgrow by budding. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene sequences reported in the same paper speculated on the proposal of a novel species for this isolate. This communication describes the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain NAF001T to various members of the genus Bacillus and its whole-cell fatty acid and quinone profiles, in order to authenticate the creation of a novel species, for which the name Bacillus funiculus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NAF001T (= JCM 11201T = CIP 107128T). Further, features of the binding points between filaments of strain NAF001T that enable it to form extremely long filaments are captured by electron microscopy.
Topics: Bacillus; Fatty Acids; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Quinones; Sewage
PubMed: 12148618
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-4-1141 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jun 2019Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based pathogen identification relies on the ribosomal protein spectra...
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based pathogen identification relies on the ribosomal protein spectra provided in the proprietary database. Although these mass spectra can discern various pathogens at species level, the spectra-based method still has limitations in identifying closely-related microbial species. In this study, to overcome the limits of the current MALDI-TOF MS identification method using ribosomal protein spectra, we applied MALDI-TOF MS of low-mass profiling to the identification of two genetically related species, the food-borne pathogen , and the insect pathogen . The mass spectra of small molecules from 17 type strains of two bacilli were compared to the morphological, biochemical, and genetic identification methods of pathogens. The specific mass peaks in the low-mass range ( 500- 3,000) successfully identified various closely-related strains belonging to these two reference species. The intensity profiles of the MALDI-TOF mass spectra clearly revealed the differences between the two genetically-related species at strain level. We suggest that small molecules with low molecular weight, 714.2 and 906.5 m/z can be potential mass biomarkers used for reliable identification of and .
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Biomarkers; DNA, Bacterial; Foodborne Diseases; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 31216842
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1903.03033 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Mar 2014A Bacillus-like isolate, strain FJAT-13831(T), isolated from the No. 1 pit soil of Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors in Xi'an City, China, was studied to determine its...
A Bacillus-like isolate, strain FJAT-13831(T), isolated from the No. 1 pit soil of Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors in Xi'an City, China, was studied to determine its taxonomic status. Dominant fatty acids of this organism included iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0, C16:0, iso-C13:0, anteiso-C15:0, and iso-C17:1ω5c. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the affiliation of this isolate to the genus Bacillus and indicated that it was closely related to Bacillus pseudomycoides DSM 12442(T) (99.72 % similarity). A phylogenetic analysis of the gyrB gene sequence similarities exhibited independent clustering of the isolate FJAT-13831(T) and showed 93.8 % (<95 %) sequence similarity with its closest phylogenetic neighbour B. pseudomycoides DSM 12442(T). Separate standing of the strain FJAT-13831(T) was supported by a whole genome-based phylogenetic analysis with an average nucleotide identity value of 91.47 (<95 %) between isolate FJAT-13831(T) and B. pseudomycoides DSM 12442(T) and was consistent with the results of DNA-DNA hybridization (69.1 % relatedness). These findings support the conclusion that the isolate FJAT-13831(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus bingmayongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-13831(T) (= CGMCC 1.12043(T) = DSM 25427(T)).
Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 24370979
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0102-3 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1982A sample from a hot spring on the northern island of New Zealand contained five different thermophilic bacterial strains. One strain with peculiar properties, i.e. the...
A sample from a hot spring on the northern island of New Zealand contained five different thermophilic bacterial strains. One strain with peculiar properties, i.e. the formation of dark yellow colonies at 30 degrees C as well as at 70 degrees C, was further characterized. It was found to be a gram-positive, facultatively aerobic, motile Bacillus species, with terminal endospores. According to the physiologic properties the strain closely resembled B. coagulans. However, two typical characteristics were contradictory to this conclusion, namely the intense yellow pigmentation of the colonies and the range of growth temperature. The latter was found to reach from 40 to 70 degrees C, with an optimum at 60 degrees C under aerobic and at 65 degrees C under anaerobic conditions. Growth at moderate temperatures was slower than at 60 degrees C, but the final cell yields were almost equal. The strain can therefore be considered as facultatively thermophilic. The pigment, which was found to be located in the cytoplasmic membrane, was spectroscopically identified as a carotenoid. Because the characteristics of this strain did not correspond with any of the Bacillus species described thus far, we concluded, that we had isolated a novel strain, for which the name Bacillus flavothermus is proposed.
Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; Carotenoids; DNA, Bacterial; Hot Temperature; New Zealand; Pigments, Biological; Terminology as Topic; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 7125637
DOI: 10.1007/BF00400386