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Journal of Cardiovascular Development... Nov 2020Although porcine mitral bioprostheses provide predictably good long-term outcomes, unexpected leaflet tears leading to abrupt haemodynamic changes may occur. Here, we...
Although porcine mitral bioprostheses provide predictably good long-term outcomes, unexpected leaflet tears leading to abrupt haemodynamic changes may occur. Here, we report on a patient who was presented with acute dyspnea due to a cuspal tear of a porcine bioprosthetic mitral valve causing severe mitral regurgitation. Her condition was subsequently complicated by a systemic infection, probably pneumonia, and was successfully managed with an urgent redo-mitral valve replacement.
PubMed: 33171925
DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040052 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 1980We studied 51 normal subjects with a simple method that permits measurement of the rate of fluorescein loss from the central precorneal tear film. In 15 (29%), no...
We studied 51 normal subjects with a simple method that permits measurement of the rate of fluorescein loss from the central precorneal tear film. In 15 (29%), no measurable dye remained 30 minutes after application of 1 microliter of a 10% solution of sodium fluorescein into the lower culde-sac. In 31 (61%) of the subjects, an exponential decay of the dye was observed between 15 and 30 minutes after application. In 5 (10%) of the subjects, a prolonged increase in dye concentration was observed, followed by a steady decrease that began 30 to 45 minutes after application. One eye of one subject had a steady increase in dye concentration for over an hour, and this eye was excluded from the analysis. The mean value for the tear elimination coefficient in all subjects analyzed was 15%/min. The logarithm of the tear elimination coefficient appeared to be normally distributed within the population sample. Analysis of the frequency distribution permitted an estimate that the 95% confidence limits for the tear elimination coefficient, as measured by this method, was 5 to 30%/min. No statistically significant correlations were found between tear elimination coefficient and sex, eye color, or contact lens use.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cornea; Female; Fluoresceins; Humans; Male; Mathematics; Middle Aged; Photometry; Tears
PubMed: 7369297
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(80)90006-9 -
Journal of Proteome Research Jun 2015Endogenous peptides are valuable targets in the analysis of biological processes. The tear film contains proteins and peptides released by the tear duct mucosal cells,...
Endogenous peptides are valuable targets in the analysis of biological processes. The tear film contains proteins and peptides released by the tear duct mucosal cells, including antimicrobial peptides involved in the protection against exogenous pathogens; however, the peptide content of the tear liquid remains poorly characterized. We analyzed naturally occurring peptides isolated from human basal tears. Mass spectrometry analysis of endogenous peptides presents a number of drawbacks, including size heterogeneity and nonpredictable fragmentation patterns, among others. Therefore, CID, ETD, and HCD methods were used for the characterization of the tear peptide content. The contribution of DMSO as an additive of the chromatographic solvents was also evaluated. We identified 157, 131, and 122 peptides using CID-, ETD-, and HCD-based methods, respectively. Altogether, 234 different peptides were identified, leading to the generation of the biggest data set of endogenous tear peptides to date. The antimicrobial activity prediction analysis performed in silico revealed different putative antimicrobial peptides. Two of the extracellular glycoprotein lacritin peptides were de novo synthesized, and their antimicrobial activity was confirmed in vitro. Our findings demonstrate the benefits of using different fragmentation methods for the analysis of endogenous peptides and provide a useful approach for the discovery of peptides with antimicrobial activity.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptides; Proteome; Tears
PubMed: 25946035
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00179 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2002
Comparative Study
Topics: Adult; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Female; Fluorophotometry; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Phenolsulfonphthalein; Reflex; Tears
PubMed: 12614045
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_163 -
Experimental Eye Research Dec 2013Tear proteins are potential biomarkers, drug targets, and even biotherapeutics. As a biotherapeutic, a recombinant tear protein might physiologically rescue the ocular... (Review)
Review
Tear proteins are potential biomarkers, drug targets, and even biotherapeutics. As a biotherapeutic, a recombinant tear protein might physiologically rescue the ocular surface when a deficiency is detected. Such a strategy pays more attention to the natural prosecretory and protective properties of the tear film and seeks to alleviate symptoms by addressing cause, rather than the current palliative, non-specific and temporary approaches. Only a handful of tear proteins appear to be selectively downregulated in dry eye, the most common eye disease. Lacritin and lipocalin-1 are two tear proteins selectively deficient in dry eye. Both proteins influence ocular surface health. Lacritin is a prosecretory mitogen that promotes basal tearing when applied topically. Levels of active monomeric lacritin are negatively regulated by tear tissue transglutaminase, whose expression is elevated in dry eye with ocular surface inflammation. Lipocalin-1 is the master lipid sponge of the ocular surface, without which residual lipids could interfere with epithelial wetting. It also is a carrier for vitamins and steroid hormones, and is a key endonuclease. Accumulation of DNA in tears is thought to be proinflammatory. Functions of these and other tear proteins may be influenced by protein-protein interactions. Here we discuss new advances in lacritin biology and provide an overview on lipocalin-1, and newly identified members of the tear proteome.
Topics: Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye Proteins; Glycoproteins; Humans; Lipocalin 1; Proteome
PubMed: 23769845
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.05.020 -
The Ocular Surface Apr 2009
Review
Topics: Emotions; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Reflex; Stress, Psychological; Tears
PubMed: 19383274
DOI: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70296-3 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 1995To detect whether untreated primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension is associated with an impaired basal tear turnover.
PURPOSE
To detect whether untreated primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension is associated with an impaired basal tear turnover.
METHODS
Basal tear turnover was determined by fluorophotometry in 18 patients with newly detected, untreated primary open-angle glaucoma and 29 patients with untreated ocular hypertension. The results were compared with those of 27 age-matched control subjects.
RESULTS
The basal tear turnover in glaucoma patients (mean +/- S.D., 11.4 +/- 3.1%/min) was 22% lower than in patients with ocular hypertension (14.7 +/- 3.0%/min; P = .0007) and 27% lower than in control subjects (15.7 +/- 5.3%/min; P = .001). Tear turnover of patients with ocular hypertension did not differ significantly from that of control subjects (P = .4). The basal tear turnover values were found to decrease with increasing vertical or horizontal cup/disk ratios (P = .004 and P = .008, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Primary open-angle glaucoma, but not ocular hypertension, was found to be associated with an impaired basal tear turnover. Dry eye complaints may originate from decreased basal tear turnover as a result of glaucoma drug therapy as well as from primary open-angle glaucoma itself.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dry Eye Syndromes; Female; Fluorophotometry; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypertension; Tears
PubMed: 7611328
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73757-2 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 1995The purpose of this study was to assess whether the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAC 0.01%) present in timolol induced a decrease in basal tear turnover and a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIMS
The purpose of this study was to assess whether the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAC 0.01%) present in timolol induced a decrease in basal tear turnover and a deterioration of precorneal tear film in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension using topical timolol.
METHODS
The basal tear turnover of 20 patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension was measured by computerised objective fluorophotometry when using topical timolol preserved with BAC and 2 weeks after changing to topical timolol containing no preservative. Evaluation of the precorneal tear film was done by measuring the break up time (BUT) before and 2 weeks after changing medication.
RESULTS
The tear turnover of the patients before the change was 32% lower than that of healthy controls (mean tear turnover values (SD) (%/min): 10.7 (3.0) and 15.6 (5.4), respectively, p < 0.0001). A mean increase of 28% (47%) in the individual tear turnover values was found after the change to the preservative-free timolol (p = 0.04). The BUT values before the change of medication did not differ significantly from those after the change (p = 0.5) but both values were significantly lower than the values of healthy controls (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Preservative-free timolol solution has a favourable effect on the tear turnover of patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension in comparison with timolol containing BAC. The integrity of the precorneal tear film persisted to be affected when using timolol without BAC. Timolol without preservative can be recommended in those patients who have keratoconjunctivitis sicca or a borderline tear production since BAC may exacerbate a dry eye state.
Topics: Benzalkonium Compounds; Fluorophotometry; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypertension; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Secretory Rate; Tears; Timolol
PubMed: 7742279
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.79.4.339 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Mar 2014To perform a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of tear function in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Research related to tear function in diabetic and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To perform a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of tear function in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Research related to tear function in diabetic and non-diabetic patients was gathered using PubMed, EBSCO, OVID. Two reviewers independently conducted the literature search. The quality assessment and the data extraction were performed in accordance with exclusion criteria and cross-checking. RevMan 5.1.7 software was used for the meta-analysis. The tear film break-up time was studied in eight articles with a total of 1449 samples. Through a random-effects model analysis, the combined weighted mean difference (WMD) was -4.44 [-5.87, -3.01]. The time in diabetic patients was shorter than that in the non-diabetic group (p < 0.00001). The basal tear secretion test was studied in seven articles with a total of 949 samples. The combined WMD was -3.96 [-5.70, -2.23], and the difference between the diabetic group and control group was statistically significant (p < 0.00001). The total tear secretion test was studied in five articles with a total of 921 samples. The combined WMD was -3.96 [-7.43, -0.50]. The difference between the diabetic and control groups was statistically significant (p = 0.03). The corneal sensitivity was compared in eight studies with a total of 976 samples. Through a random-effects model analysis, the standardized mean difference (SMD) was -5.14 [-6.99, -3.29]. The corneal sensitivity was lower in diabetic patients than the control group (p < 0.00001). Our study suggests that the tear functions are worse in diabetic patients compared with the control group. Moreover, patients with PDR are more predisposed to impaired tear functions.
Topics: Cornea; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Tears
PubMed: 23782539
DOI: 10.1111/aos.12063 -
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago,... Jan 1977Basal tear production was measured by means of standardized Schirmer strips and 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride topical anesthesia in 20 patients. Premedication with...
Basal tear production was measured by means of standardized Schirmer strips and 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride topical anesthesia in 20 patients. Premedication with systemic diazepam (Valium) and atropine sulfate had no effect on basal tear production. General surgical anesthesia resulted in a noticeable depression of basal tear production at 10, 30, and 60 minutes following induction of the anesthesia. It is suggested that prophylactic eye care include both replacement of tears and prevention of mechanical exposure of the cornea during general anesthesia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Atropine; Child; Corneal Diseases; Diazepam; Humans; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Solutions; Preanesthetic Medication; Secretory Rate; Tears
PubMed: 836195
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1977.04450010107010