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Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2022To assess the effects of benzydamine and mouthwashes (MoWs) containing benzydamine on different stages of Candida albicans biofilm: adhesion, formation, persistence, and...
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of benzydamine and mouthwashes (MoWs) containing benzydamine on different stages of Candida albicans biofilm: adhesion, formation, persistence, and regrowth (if perturbed).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
C. albicans CA1398, carrying the bioluminescence ACT1p-gLUC59 fusion product, was employed. Fungal cells were exposed for 1', 5', or 15' to 4 different benzydamine concentrations (0.075 to 0.6%) to 2 mouthwashes (MoWs) containing benzydamine and to a placebo MoW (without benzydamine). Treated cells were tested for adhesion (90 min) and biofilm formation (24-h assay). Next, 24- and 48-h-old biofilms were exposed to benzydamine and MoWs to assess regrowth and persistence, respectively. The effects of benzydamine, MoWs containing benzydamine, and placebo on different biofilm stages were quantified by bioluminescence assay and by the production of quorum sensing (QS) molecules.
RESULTS
Benzydamine and MoWs containing benzydamine impaired C. albicans ability to adhere and form biofilm, counteracted C. albicans persistence and regrowth, and impaired a 48-h-old biofilm. Some of these effects paralleled with alterations in QS molecule secretion.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show for the first time that benzydamine and MoWs containing benzydamine impair C. albicans capacity to form biofilm and counteract biofilm persistence and regrowth.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Benzydamine and MoWs containing benzydamine capacity to affect C. albicans biofilm provides an interesting tool to prevent and treat oral candidiasis. Likely, restraining C. albicans colonization through daily oral hygiene may counteract colonization and persistence by other critical oral pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans, whose increased virulence has been linked to the presence of C. albicans biofilm.
Topics: Benzydamine; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Mouthwashes; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 35066687
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04330-8 -
Current Neuropharmacology Oct 2021Both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs recently emerged among novel psychoactive substances (NPS) being reported as ingested for recreational purposes. Among...
BACKGROUND
Both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs recently emerged among novel psychoactive substances (NPS) being reported as ingested for recreational purposes. Among them, benzydamine (BZY), normally prescribed as an OTC anti-inflammatory drug, is reportedly being diverted and recreationally used.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate how the misuse of BZY has been reported, illustrating its psychotropic molecular mechanism, and studying its psychopathological effects.
METHODS
We firstly conducted a systematic review of the literature concerning the abuse of BZY and its effects. For data gathering purposes, both PRISMA and PROSPERO guidelines were followed. All research methods were approved by PROSPERO (identification code CRD42020187266). Second, we analysed BZY-related data from the European Monitoring Agency (EMA) Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) database recorded during 2005-2020 regarding its abuse.
RESULTS
Eleven articles, published during 1997-2019, were included in our systematic review, including five case reports, four surveys, and two retrospective case series analyses. While nine articles dealt with the recreational use of BZY, two described an oral overdose of the drug. When specified, dosages of BZY consumed ranged from 500 to 1500mg. The EMA dataset contained three cases of BZY abuse.
CONCLUSION
Results from the systematic review showed BZY might be diverted for typical hallucinogenic properties occurring at high dosages. Healthcare professionals should be warned about a possible misuse/abuse of a commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drug and be vigilant when prescribing it. Physicians working in emergency units should know that psychotic symptoms may be related to BZY abuse.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzydamine; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33441070
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X19666210113151136 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Oct 2021To discuss the role of benzydamine in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) in head and neck (H&N) cancer patients. This document...
PURPOSE
To discuss the role of benzydamine in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) in head and neck (H&N) cancer patients. This document represents an expert opinion paper on indications and key-role aspects in OM pathogenesis, prevention and treatment.
ORAL MUCOSITIS
OM represents a common side effect of chemotherapy (CHT) and radiotherapy (RT). It consists in a painful erythema involving the oral cavity mucosa, which may progress to ulceration. Five biologically dynamic phases are considered crucial in mucositis: "initiation, signalling, amplification, ulceration and healing". Oral environment and microbiota are fundamental in mucositis development being involved in susceptibility to infections and in ulceration consequences. Different agents against mucositis have been studied and the use of benzydamine is strongly supported in literature. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and International Society for Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) guidelines recommend its use for the prevention of OM in H&N patients undergoing RT and RT/CHT.
BENZYDAMINE
Benzydamine is a local anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic properties. It can decrease TNF-α, IL-1β and prostaglandin synthesis, also inhibiting leukocyte-endothelial interactions, neutrophil degranulation, vasodilation and vascular permeability. Literature agrees on the beneficial effects of benzydamine in preventing and reducing oral mucositis severity in H&N cancer patients undergoing RT/CHT.
CONCLUSIONS
Mucositis represents a major concern in H&N cancer patients and a clinical and economical issue. A multimodal and multidisciplinary approach is needed for its management. International guidelines recommend benzydamine for OM prevention and treatment in H&N cancer patients, but further "real world" trials should be designed.
Topics: Benzydamine; Chemoradiotherapy; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mucositis; Stomatitis
PubMed: 33649918
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06048-5 -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Jan 1967
Topics: Amines; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ataxia; Body Weight; Cats; Diet; Dogs; Female; Growth; Liver; Male; Mice; Motor Skills; Muscles; Rabbits; Rats; Reproduction; Seizures; Thalidomide; Vomiting
PubMed: 6031923
DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(67)90136-6 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2023Benzydamine is a compound indicated in the treatment of symptoms of irritation/inflammation of the oropharyngeal cavity, including those associated with pain. Objectives...
OBJECTIVES
Benzydamine is a compound indicated in the treatment of symptoms of irritation/inflammation of the oropharyngeal cavity, including those associated with pain. Objectives of this expert opinion narrative review is to summarize current indicated benzydamine applications and elicit further ones to be explored.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this expert opinion paper, evidences underlying the mechanism of action and clinical application of benzydamine are reviewed. Insights are also provided on possible new clinical applications of the drug and new formulations.
RESULTS
Current recognized indications of benzydamine include: relief of symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions of the mouth and oropharynx, symptomatic treatment of gingivitis and stomatitis, oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and post operative sore throat. In addition, among new applications that need to be explored experts embed: oral lichen planus, burning mouth syndrome, post intubation sore throat, antifungal action and new anticancer target agents induced mucositis.
CONCLUSIONS
Benzydamine is a very versatile compound able to play an auxiliary and adjuvant role in the prevention and treatment of oral cavity/oropharynx disorders. According to experts' opinion there is the need to design clinical trials to highlight novel possible applications of benzydamine and implemented translational analyses to fine-tune patients' selection and open future research scenarios.
PubMed: 37405329
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1191319 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) Feb 1995Benzydamine HCL (Tantum) is a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and local anesthetic activity. This... (Review)
Review
Benzydamine HCL (Tantum) is a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and local anesthetic activity. This paper reviews the pharmacology of benzydamine and surveys the existing literature relating to its applications in medicine and dentistry. Guidelines for its use in dentistry are offered.
Topics: Benzydamine; Female; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mouthwashes; Pain, Postoperative; Pharyngitis; Radiotherapy; Stomatitis; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Vaginitis
PubMed: 7600413
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Tissue... 1985Pharmacological results are reviewed supporting the use of benzydamine in so-called "primary inflammations" rather than in rheumatic diseases. In experimental studies,... (Review)
Review
Pharmacological results are reviewed supporting the use of benzydamine in so-called "primary inflammations" rather than in rheumatic diseases. In experimental studies, benzydamine shares with aspirin-like drugs their activity in acute inflammatory responses but not in Freund's adjuvant arthritis. The efficacy of benzydamine is mainly manifested against phenomena such as pain and oedema which depend on local mechanisms in the inflammatory focus. Other manifestations such as hyperthermia which are indicative of systemic functional involvement, are poorly affected by the drug. Benzydamine also lacks some of the typical side-effects of aspirin-like drugs which are thought to reflect their generalized activity. Finally topical application increases the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of benzydamine much more than those of other antiinflammatory drugs. The data reported demonstrate that benzydamine specifically acts on the local mechanisms of inflammation. In order to explain this feature the chemical, pharmacokinetic and biochemical properties of benzydamine are discussed.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzydamine; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Neutrophils; Pain; Pyrazoles; Rats
PubMed: 3899969
DOI: No ID Found -
Polymers Dec 2021The aim of the present work was to optimize the process parameters of the nano spray drying technique for the formulation of benzydamine-loaded casein nanoparticles and...
The aim of the present work was to optimize the process parameters of the nano spray drying technique for the formulation of benzydamine-loaded casein nanoparticles and to investigate the effect of some process variables on the structural and morphological characteristics and release behavior. The obtained particles were characterized in terms of particle size and size distribution, surface morphology, production yield and encapsulation efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, etc., using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Production yields of the blank nanoparticles were significantly influenced by the concentration of both casein and the crosslinking agent. The formulated drug-loaded nanoparticles had an average particle size of 135.9 nm to 994.2 nm. Drug loading varied from 16.02% to 57.41% and the encapsulation efficiency was in the range 34.61% to 78.82%. Our study has demonstrated that all the investigated parameters depended greatly on the polymer/drug ratio and the drug release study confirmed the feasibility of the developed nanocarriers for prolonged delivery of benzydamine.
PubMed: 34960907
DOI: 10.3390/polym13244357 -
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B Mar 2020Bone diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontitis are induced by excessive osteoclastic activity, which is closely associated with inflammation. Benzydamine (BA) has...
Bone diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontitis are induced by excessive osteoclastic activity, which is closely associated with inflammation. Benzydamine (BA) has been used as a cytokine-suppressive or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or prostaglandins. However, its role in osteoclast differentiation and function remains unknown. Here, we explored the role of BA in regulating osteoclast differentiation and elucidated the underlying mechanism. BA inhibited osteoclast differentiation and strongly suppressed interleukin-1 (IL-1) production. BA inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption when added to bone marrow-derived macrophages and differentiated osteoclasts, and the inhibitory effect was reversed by IL-1 treatment. The reporter assay and the inhibitor study of IL-1 transcription suggested that BA inhibited nuclear factor-B and activator protein-1 by regulating IB kinase, extracellular signal regulated kinase and P38, resulting in the down-regulation of IL-1 expression. BA also promoted osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, BA protected lipopolysaccharide- and ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice, suggesting therapeutic potential against inflammation-induced bone diseases and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
PubMed: 32140392
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.004 -
Anaesthesia Oct 2018
Topics: Adult; Benzydamine; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pharyngitis; Postoperative Period
PubMed: 30216428
DOI: 10.1111/anae.14437