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The International Journal of... Feb 2011The biliary tract consists of a network of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts that collect and drain the bile produced by hepatocytes to the gut. The bile ducts are... (Review)
Review
The biliary tract consists of a network of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts that collect and drain the bile produced by hepatocytes to the gut. The bile ducts are lined by cholangiocytes, a specialized epithelial cell type that has a dual origin. Intrahepatic cholangiocytes derive from the liver precursor cells, whereas extrahepatic cholangiocytes are generated directly from the endoderm. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of cholangiocyte differentiation and bile duct morphogenesis, and describe how developing ducts interact with the hepatic artery. We also present an overview of the mechanisms of biliary dysgenesis in humans.
Topics: Animals; Bile Ducts; Biliary Tract; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cell Differentiation; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases; MicroRNAs; Morphogenesis; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 19735739
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.07.020 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Apr 2019"The anatomy of the biliary tree is notoriously variable. This variation is the bane of the hepatobiliary surgeon, to whom an understanding of biliary anatomic variation... (Review)
Review
"The anatomy of the biliary tree is notoriously variable. This variation is the bane of the hepatobiliary surgeon, to whom an understanding of biliary anatomic variation is key to the planning and safe conduct of liver surgery, from oncological resections to split-liver transplantation. The hepatic diverticulum, also termed "the liver bud," is the first semblance of the biliary system in the human embryo. A variety of techniques used in the mid twentieth century for imaging the biliary tree have since been abandoned in favor of more practical, safer, less invasive, and more sensitive and specific contemporary methods."
Topics: Biliary Tract; Humans
PubMed: 30846027
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2018.12.005 -
Annals of Surgery Apr 1968
Topics: Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biliary Tract; Female; Humans; Infant; Jaundice; Liver; Male
PubMed: 5644735
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-196804000-00021 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Jan 2021The biliary mucosa, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic, is lined by a single layer of columnar cells with oval nuclei near the base and a slightly eosinophilic...
The biliary mucosa, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic, is lined by a single layer of columnar cells with oval nuclei near the base and a slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Although normal biliary ducts have no goblet cells, there are periductal mucous glands lined by mucus-producing cuboidal cells, with mucin from these glands draining to the lumen of bile ducts.
Topics: Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biliary Tract; Gallbladder; Mucins
PubMed: 33258378
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.7589/2020 -
Gut Jul 1994At one time it was thought that biliary epithelial cells simply formed the lining to the tubular conduits which constitute the biliary tract. Development of in vitro... (Review)
Review
At one time it was thought that biliary epithelial cells simply formed the lining to the tubular conduits which constitute the biliary tract. Development of in vitro systems for culturing biliary epithelial cells has enabled functional studies which increasingly show that this is far from true, and that biliary epithelial cells do have important functional roles. Disruption of these functions may be involved in the generation of pathology. Most functional studies to date have utilised cells isolated from rat liver. Increasingly, variations are being found between human and animal cells both in terms of function and phenotype. The relevance of animal cells in the study of human disease therefore remains obscure. Human biliary tract disease has to date been studied almost exclusively by examination of histological sections. The development of improved methods for isolating highly pure biliary epithelial cells from human liver provides a new technology with which to investigate directly the dynamics of human biliary epithelial cell biology and pathobiology. It is predicted that further progress will now be made in dissecting the biology and physiology of human biliary epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Biliary Tract; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Gastroenterology; Humans
PubMed: 8063212
DOI: 10.1136/gut.35.7.875 -
Magyar Sebeszet Aug 2009
Review
Topics: Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biliary Tract; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cholecystectomy; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Humans; Reoperation
PubMed: 19679536
DOI: 10.1556/MaSeb.62.2009.4.12 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia May 2020Biliary cystadenoma is a rare benign tumour with the potential to transform into malignant carcinoma of the biliary ductal system. There is difficulty in differentiating...
Biliary cystadenoma is a rare benign tumour with the potential to transform into malignant carcinoma of the biliary ductal system. There is difficulty in differentiating a benign one from a malignant biliary cystadenoma, and therefore these lesions should always be completely resected. We report a case of biliary cystadenoma which underwent a complete resection.
Topics: Biliary Tract; Cystadenoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Liver; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32467552
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Dec 1973
Topics: Autopsy; Biliary Tract; Common Bile Duct; Contrast Media; Duodenal Obstruction; Duodenum; Female; Gallbladder; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Atresia; Male; Pancreas; Radiography
PubMed: 4765657
DOI: 10.1136/adc.48.12.952 -
Progress in Molecular Biology and... 2010The biliary tree drains the bile produced by hepatocytes to the duodenum via a network of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts. In the embryo, the intrahepatic ducts are... (Review)
Review
The biliary tree drains the bile produced by hepatocytes to the duodenum via a network of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts. In the embryo, the intrahepatic ducts are formed near the branches of the portal vein and derive from the liver precursor cells of the hepatic bud, whereas the extrahepatic ducts directly emerge from the primitive gut. Despite this dual origin, intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts are lined by a common cell type, the cholangiocyte. In this chapter, we describe how bile ducts are formed and cholangiocytes differentiate, and focus on the regulation of these processes by intercellular signaling pathways and by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biliary Tract; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; MicroRNAs; Signal Transduction; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 21074731
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385233-5.00004-0 -
Journal of Hepatology Jul 2021Bile formation is a fundamental physiological process that is vital to the survival of all vertebrates. However, little was known about the mechanisms of this secretion... (Review)
Review
Bile formation is a fundamental physiological process that is vital to the survival of all vertebrates. However, little was known about the mechanisms of this secretion until after World War II. Initial studies involved classic physiologic studies in animal models and humans, which progressed to include studies in isolated cells and membrane vesicles. The advent of molecular biology then led to the identification of specific transport systems that are the determinants of this secretion. Progress in this field was reviewed in the American Physiologic Society's series on "Comprehensive Physiology" in 2013. Herein, we provide an in-depth update of progress since that time.
Topics: Animals; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Bile Canaliculi; Biliary Tract; Humans; Liver
PubMed: 33617926
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.011