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Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Bioreactors can offer an advanced platform to provide conditions that mimic the native microenvironment, which can also provide stretching environment for mechanobiology...
Bioreactors can offer an advanced platform to provide conditions that mimic the native microenvironment, which can also provide stretching environment for mechanobiology research. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are a type of mechanosensitive and multipotent cells, which behave differently in diverse mechanical stretching environments. We have proved the in vitro three-dimensional (3D) mechanical stimulation could closely mimic the stretching environment in vivo. Thus, here we describe applying a customized bioreactor to provide 3D force for mechanical stimulation on TDSC in vitro.
Topics: Bioreactors; Stem Cells; Tendons
PubMed: 34505270
DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_432 -
Bioresource Technology Mar 2023Optimizing bioreactor performance for organic matter removal can achieve sustainable and energy-efficient micropollutant removal in subsequent tertiary treatment....
Optimizing bioreactor performance for organic matter removal can achieve sustainable and energy-efficient micropollutant removal in subsequent tertiary treatment. Bioreactor performance heavily depends on its resident microbial community; hence, a deeper understanding of community dynamics is essential. The microbial communities of three different bioreactors (biological activated carbon, moving bed biofilm reactor, sand filter), used for organic matter removal from wastewater treatment effluent, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis. An interdependency between bioreactor performance and microbial community profile was observed. Overall, Proteobacteria was the most predominant phylum, and Comamonadaceae was the most predominant family in all bioreactors. The relative abundance of the genus Roseococcus was positively correlated with organic matter removal. A generalized Lotka-Volterra (gLV) model was established to understand the interactions in the microbial community. By identifying microbial dynamics and their role in bioreactors, a strategy can be developed to improve bioreactor performance.
Topics: Wastewater; Waste Disposal, Fluid; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bioreactors; Water Purification
PubMed: 36690219
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128659 -
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Feb 2022Effects of naphthenic acids (NAs) concentration (50-200 mg NA L; 35-140 mg TOC L) and loading rate (1.4-1249 mg NA L h; 1-874 mg TOC L h) on removal efficiency,...
Effects of naphthenic acids (NAs) concentration (50-200 mg NA L; 35-140 mg TOC L) and loading rate (1.4-1249 mg NA L h; 1-874 mg TOC L h) on removal efficiency, removal rate, and molecular distribution of NAs, and effluent toxicity were evaluated for biodegradation of commercial NAs mixture in circulating packed bed bioreactors (CPBBs). Increase of NAs concentration and loading rate (shorter residence times) increased the removal rate, while removal efficiency initially declined and then stabilized. The maximum biodegradation rates for 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg NA L were 128.0, 321.7, 430.2, and 630.0 mg TOC L h at loading rates of 218.5, 455.6, 673.5 and 874.0 mg TOC L h, respectively, with removal efficiencies of 58.6, 70.6, 63.9 and 72.1%. Analysis of influent and treated effluents with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that molecular weight and cyclicity (C and Z numbers) affected the biodegradation, with low molecular weight acyclic NAs (C = 6-12) were the most amenable to biodegradation and those with intermediate and high molecular weights (C = 13-22) and moderate cyclicity (Z = - 4, - 6) were the most recalcitrant. In the biofilm, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla, and Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant classes. Toxicity analyses with Artemia salina and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox) showed that high influent concentrations and loading rates (short residence times) led to higher NAs residual concentration and effluent toxicity. To design and operate large-scale CPBBs, intermediate loading rates and residence times that result in high removal efficiency, reasonable removal rates, and low toxicity are recommended.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioreactors; Carboxylic Acids; Oil and Gas Fields; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34854976
DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02669-6 -
Water Research Nov 2016Chemoheterotrophic denitrification technologies using woodchips as a solid carbon source (i.e., woodchip bioreactors) have been widely trialed for treatment of...
Chemoheterotrophic denitrification technologies using woodchips as a solid carbon source (i.e., woodchip bioreactors) have been widely trialed for treatment of diffuse-source agricultural nitrogen pollution. There is growing interest in the use of this simple, relatively low-cost biological wastewater treatment option in waters with relatively higher total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) such as aquaculture wastewater. This work: (1) evaluated hydraulic retention time (HRT) impacts on COD/TSS removal, and (2) assessed the potential for woodchip clogging under this wastewater chemistry. Four pilot-scale woodchip denitrification bioreactors operated for 267 d showed excellent TSS removal (>90%) which occurred primarily near the inlet, and that COD removal was maximized at lower HRTs (e.g., 56% removal efficiency and 25 g of COD removed per m of bioreactor per d at a 24 h HRT). However, influent wastewater took progressively longer to move into the woodchips likely due to a combination of (1) woodchip settling, (2) clogging due to removed wastewater solids and/or accumulated bacterial growth, and (3) the pulsed flow system pushing the chips away from the inlet. The bioreactor that received the highest loading rate experienced the most altered hydraulics. Statistically significant increases in woodchip P content over time in woodchip bags placed near the bioreactor outlets (0.03 vs 0.10%PO) and along the bioreactor floor (0.04 vs. 0.12%PO) confirmed wastewater solids were being removed and may pose a concern for subsequent nutrient mineralization and release. Nevertheless, the excellent nitrate-nitrogen and TSS removal along with notable COD removal indicated woodchip bioreactors are a viable water treatment technology for these types of wastewaters given they are used downstream of a filtration device.
Topics: Bioreactors; Denitrification; Nitrogen; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Purification
PubMed: 27614035
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.067 -
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical... Dec 2023This research article introduces a novel integrated circuit (IC) designed for bioreactor applications catering to multichannel electrochemical sensing. The proposed IC...
This research article introduces a novel integrated circuit (IC) designed for bioreactor applications catering to multichannel electrochemical sensing. The proposed IC comprises 2x potentiometric, 2x potentiostat, 2x ISFET channels and 1x temperature channel. The potentiostat channel utilizes a current conveyor-based architecture with a programmable mirroring ratio, enabling an extensive measurement range of 114 dB. The potentiometric channel incorporates a customized electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit to achieve ultra-low input leakage in the picoampere range, while the ISFET channel employs a constant-voltage, constant-current topology for accurate pH measurement. Combined with the die temperature sensor, this IC is well-suited for monitoring bioreactions in real-time. Additionally, all channels can be time-multiplexed to a reconfigurable analog backend, facilitating the conversion of input signals into digital codes. The prototype of the IC is fabricated using 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology, and each channel is experimentally characterized. The interface IC demonstrates a peak power consumption of 22 μW.
Topics: Equipment Design; Bioreactors; Electricity
PubMed: 37708009
DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2023.3315480 -
Water Environment Research : a Research... Oct 2018This review, for literature published in 2017, contains information related to membrane processes for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection... (Review)
Review
This review, for literature published in 2017, contains information related to membrane processes for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following topics: membrane bioreactor (MBR) configuration, design, nutrient removal, operation, industrial treatment, anaerobic membrane systems, reuse, microconstituents removal, membrane technology advances, membrane fouling, and modeling. Other sub-sections of the Treatment Systems section that might relate to this literature review include: Biological Fixed-Film Systems, Activated Sludge and Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Anaerobic Processes, and Water Reclamation and Reuse. The following sections might also have related information on membrane processes: Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bioreactors; Membranes, Artificial; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 30126490
DOI: 10.2175/106143018X15289915807272 -
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 2001This review focuses on the hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of various three-phase, gaslift fluidized bioreactors. The factors affecting the mixing and... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on the hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of various three-phase, gaslift fluidized bioreactors. The factors affecting the mixing and volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k(L)a), such as liquid properties, solid particle properties, liquid circulation velocity, superficial gas velocity, bioreactor geometry, are reviewed and discussed. Measurement methods, modeling and empirical correlations are reviewed and compared. To the authors' knowledge, there is no 'generalized' correlation to calculate the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, instead, only 'type-specific' correlations are available in the literature. This is due to the difficulty in modeling the gaslift bioreactor, caused by the variation in geometry, fluid dynamics, and phase interactions. The most important design parameters reported in the literature are: gas hold-up, liquid circulation velocity, 'true' superficial gas velocity, mixing, shear rate, aeration rate and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, k(L)a.
Topics: Bioreactors; Gases
PubMed: 11797909
DOI: 10.1080/07388550108984172 -
Bioresource Technology Apr 2022The cultivation of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (anammox) has gained enormous awareness over the last few decades. Although numerous studies focus massively on...
The cultivation of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (anammox) has gained enormous awareness over the last few decades. Although numerous studies focus massively on successfully growing these anammox to different enrichment environments, in reality, the failure rates are somewhat comparable to the reported success rates. This study combines a variety of measurement techniques to observe and monitor the sequence of a bioreactor performance decline following elevated influent substrate concentration. After attaining stable substrate removal throughout a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) range of 0.691 to 1.669 kg-N·m·d, the performance of the lab-scale anammox-sequencing batch reactor (SBR) abruptly broke down as the NLR reached 2.01 kg-N·m·d. The gathered information showed that the increased NLR firstly caused a significant and unfavorable change in the free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration in the bioreactor. A subsequent drop in N production and a decline from a peak high of 0.381 to a low of 0.012 kg-N·kg-VSS·d of the specific nitrogen removal rate (SNRR) led to an 82% absurd decline in microbial cellular energy production. Prior to these anammox switching to survival mode and secreting larger quantities (32% higher) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the activity of syntrophic decomposers increased substantially leading to the internal production of excess CO in the bioreactor and thereby diverging the bioreactor pH to lower levels. The purposes of this study are to understand the reason an anammox process shows different signals during a decline phase and to enable immediate response to performance deterioration.
Topics: Ammonia; Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation; Bioreactors; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Root Cause Analysis; Sewage
PubMed: 35217160
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126895 -
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Oct 2020Biopharmaceutical protein production using transgenic plant cell bioreactor processes offers advantages over microbial and mammalian cell culture platforms in its...
Biopharmaceutical protein production using transgenic plant cell bioreactor processes offers advantages over microbial and mammalian cell culture platforms in its ability to produce complex biologics with simple chemically defined media and reduced biosafety concerns. A disadvantage of plant cells from a traditional batch bioprocessing perspective is their slow growth rate which has motivated us to develop semicontinuous and/or perfusion processes. Although the economic benefits of plant cell culture bioprocesses are often mentioned in the literature, to our knowledge no rigorous technoeconomic models or analyses have been published. Here we present technoeconomic models in SuperPro Designer® for the large-scale production of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a prophylactic/therapeutic bioscavenger against organophosphate nerve agent poisoning, in inducible transgenic rice cell suspension cultures. The base facility designed to produce 25 kg BChE per year utilizing two-stage semicontinuous bioreactor operation manufactures a single 400 mg dose of BChE for $263. Semicontinuous operation scenarios result in 4-11% reduction over traditional two-stage batch operation scenarios. In addition to providing a simulation tool that will be useful to the plant-made pharmaceutical community, the model also provides a computational framework that can be used for other semicontinuous or batch bioreactor-based processes.
Topics: Biological Products; Bioreactors; Cell Culture Techniques; Computer Simulation; Culture Media; Oryza; Perfusion; Plant Cells; Transgenes
PubMed: 32592492
DOI: 10.1002/bit.27475 -
Biotechnology Advances 2021Gradients in industrial bioreactors have attracted substantial research attention since exposure to fluctuating environmental conditions has been shown to lead to... (Review)
Review
Gradients in industrial bioreactors have attracted substantial research attention since exposure to fluctuating environmental conditions has been shown to lead to changes in the metabolome, transcriptome as well as population heterogeneity in industrially relevant microorganisms. Such changes have also been found to impact key process parameters like the yield on substrate and the productivity. Hence, understanding gradients is important from both the academic and industrial perspectives. In this review the causes of gradients are outlined, along with their impact on microbial physiology. Quantifying the impact of gradients requires a detailed understanding of both fluid flow inside industrial equipment and microbial physiology. This review critically examines approaches used to investigate gradients including large-scale experimental work, computational methods and scale-down approaches. Avenues for future work have been highlighted, particularly the need for further coordinated development of both in silico and experimental tools which can be used to further the current understanding of gradients in industrial equipment.
Topics: Bioreactors; Computer Simulation; Fermentation
PubMed: 33221379
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107660