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JAMA Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Botulism
PubMed: 37395771
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.8085 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Sep 2017Botulism is a rare, life-threatening, time-critical neuroparalytic disease that is frequently a subject of differential diagnostic considerations. But there is much... (Review)
Review
Botulism is a rare, life-threatening, time-critical neuroparalytic disease that is frequently a subject of differential diagnostic considerations. But there is much uncertainty regarding diagnosis and therapy. Rapid diagnosis, early antitoxin dose, consistent food hygiene and the sensitization of the population can help to reduce incidence, morbidity and mortality. This overview is based on an epidemiological data inquiry (RKI, ECDC, CDC, WHO) and a selective literature research (pubmed till March 2017). Additionally, the German botulism guideline (2012) and own diagnostical experiences were taken into account. The incidence of botulinum toxin intoxication induced by ubiquitous spore-forming (main representative) is < 0.01/100 000 EU citizens. Foodborne botulism is a pure intoxication syndrome (most common form) due to improperly prepared or incorrectly stored food. Wound and infant botulism are kinds of "toxico-infections". A "bulbar" neuroparalysis is a main symptom progressing to a flaccid tetraparesis up to respiratory paralysis. Infant botulism is presented non-specific and is treated only symptomatically; but a special human-derived antitoxin is available at international pharmacies. In case of suspected foodborne or wound botulism antitoxin must be administered as soon as possible, which may also be effective 24 hours after symptoms onset. There is no evidence for adjuvant treatment except of intensive care unit (ICU) therapy. Despite typical symptomatology botulism is often diagnosed too late. Early antitoxin administration and ICU therapy are crucial for survival. A consultant laboratory should be contacted for advice.
Topics: Botulinum Antitoxin; Botulism; Germany; Humans; Incidence; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 28850968
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-112232 -
Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita 2009Infant botulism is a rare disease that affects infant less than 12 months of age. The illness results from absorption of botulinum toxin produced in situ by... (Review)
Review
Infant botulism is a rare disease that affects infant less than 12 months of age. The illness results from absorption of botulinum toxin produced in situ by neurotoxigenic clostridia that can temporarily colonize the intestinal tract of infants. To date, all inhabited continents except Africa have reported cases of infant botulism. Recognition of cases seem directly related to physician awareness and clinical suspicion. This review summarizes microbiological, clinical and epidemiological features of infant botulism.
Topics: Botulism; Child, Preschool; Clostridium; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Spores, Bacterial
PubMed: 19636165
DOI: No ID Found -
Harefuah 2014Infant botulism is a paralytic syndrome which manifests as a result of ingesting spores of the toxin secreting bacterium Clostridium botulinum by infants. As opposed to... (Review)
Review
Infant botulism is a paralytic syndrome which manifests as a result of ingesting spores of the toxin secreting bacterium Clostridium botulinum by infants. As opposed to botulism in adults, treating infant botulism with horse antiserum was not approved due to several safety issues. This restriction has led to the development of Human Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV; sells under BabyBIG). In this article we review infant botulism and the advantages of treating it with BIG-IV.
Topics: Age Factors; Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunologic Factors; Infant
PubMed: 24791561
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Nursing Sep 2002
Review
Topics: Bioterrorism; Botulinum Toxins; Botulism; Disease Outbreaks; Food Contamination; Humans; United States
PubMed: 12394018
DOI: 10.1097/00000446-200209000-00034 -
Seminars in Neurology Mar 1990
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Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Nov 2010There are seven known serotypes of botulism, designated A through G; almost all human cases of botulism are caused by types A, B, and E. Botulism type E is the... (Review)
Review
There are seven known serotypes of botulism, designated A through G; almost all human cases of botulism are caused by types A, B, and E. Botulism type E is the predominant serotype causing disease associated with native Arctic foods. In the circumpolar regions of the world, the coastal soils are rich in botulism type E, and consumption of fish and marine animals in these areas are the sources of clusters of botulism. Unlike spores of type A and B, botulism type E can withstand freezing down to 3.5°C. Alaskan native fermentation of fish heads, fish eggs, and beaver tail allow proper anaerobic conditions for botulinum toxin to be elaborated from Clostridium botulinum. The consumption of whale meat, "muktuk" has also been associated with outbreaks of botulism in Alaska and the Canadian Arctic. Elsewhere in the Arctic regions, type E botulism has been associated with Norwegian "rakfisk" prepared by a process similar to fermented Alaskan foods. Outbreaks in Egypt with the salted gray mullet "faseikh", in Israel and New York linked to salted uneviscerated whitefish "kapchunka", in Iran from eating "ashbal" an uncooked salmon, and in Japan with "izushi" a traditional fermented fish preserved in rice have occurred. Importation of vacuum-packed whitefish from Alaska and Canada has also been associated with sporadic cases of botulism type E in Europe. In March 2010, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention released the heptavalent antitoxin (H-BAT) for use in the USA, under an Investigational New Drug program, as the preferred treatment for food-borne botulism, including type E, which had not been covered by the bivalent antitoxin, the prior approved antitoxin product in the USA.
Topics: Bacterial Vaccines; Botulinum Antitoxin; Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Humans; Prognosis; Serotyping
PubMed: 21171846
DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2010.526943 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2022The review summarises the current knowledge of the treatment of iatrogenic botulinum toxin overdose. The symptoms may be diffuse, and suspicion should be raised based on... (Review)
Review
The review summarises the current knowledge of the treatment of iatrogenic botulinum toxin overdose. The symptoms may be diffuse, and suspicion should be raised based on time of symptom appearance relative to the time of exposure. Iatrogenic botulism may appear if the maximum recommended total dose of botulinum toxin has been exceeded and if the drug is spread locally from the site of injection or is redistributed to the systemic circulation. The adverse drug reactions frequency is possibly underreported. Fast initiation of the available antidote may be needed. The guideline provided on treatment of iatrogenic botulism is developed from non-iatrogenic botulism.
Topics: Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Botulism; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease
PubMed: 35179113
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Perinatology : Official... Mar 2007Infant botulism results from the absorption of heat-labile neurotoxin produced in situ by ingested Clostridium botulinum. Honey and environmental exposure are the main... (Review)
Review
Infant botulism results from the absorption of heat-labile neurotoxin produced in situ by ingested Clostridium botulinum. Honey and environmental exposure are the main sources of acquisition of the organism. Clinical manifestations are owing to progressive neuromuscular blockade, initially of muscles innervated by cranial nerves and later of the trunk, extremities and diaphragm. Presynaptic autonomic nerves are also affected. The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds and is confirmed by recovery of the organism or by detection of toxin in the stool. Management includes meticulous supportive intensive care that may include mechanical ventilation and administration of human botulinum immunoglobulin in severe cases.
Topics: Animals; Botulism; Breast Feeding; Clostridium botulinum; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Nutritional Support; Risk Factors; Seasons; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 17314986
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211651 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Feb 2024This case study describes severe iatrogenic botulism following treatment with a botulinum toxin injection at a private clinic abroad.
This case study describes severe iatrogenic botulism following treatment with a botulinum toxin injection at a private clinic abroad.
Topics: Humans; Botulism; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Iatrogenic Disease; Clostridium botulinum
PubMed: 38349108
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0625