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The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Dec 2022Adolescents diagnosed with brain or central nervous system tumors face elevated levels of depression and anxiety compared to the general pediatric population. The... (Review)
Review
Adolescents diagnosed with brain or central nervous system tumors face elevated levels of depression and anxiety compared to the general pediatric population. The objective of this review was to explore factors associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms in these patients, as well as various currently recommended interventions. Articles were searched in PubMed and filtered to select for the following MeSH keywords: AND ( OR OR OR OR ). Articles were limited to those published in English between 2000 and 2020. A total of 1,537 articles were retrieved, and 36 studies were reviewed. Articles were selected if they pertained to human subjects, specifically adolescents aged ≤ 18 years. Additionally, only articles about depression and anxiety were included. Symptoms of depression and anxiety before a brain tumor diagnosis or as symptoms of a possible brain tumor were excluded. Articles were screened by title and abstract as they pertained to depression and anxiety in patients diagnosed with brain tumors in adolescence. Data extracted included information about risk factors associated with depression and anxiety, interventions, and pharmacologic considerations. Factors associated with increased depressive and anxiety symptoms include intensity of cancer treatment, female sex, and brain tumor diagnosis. Pediatric brain tumor patients also experience elevated antidepressant prescription rates. When treating depression and anxiety in these patients, it is also important to focus on multifaceted interventions like behavioral and communication therapies, as the nature of brain tumors can affect psychological, social, and cognitive abilities. Depression and anxiety can have long-lasting effects on pediatric brain tumor patients and put them at risk for developing other psychosocial problems. Therefore, it is important to recognize factors contributing to depression and anxiety as well as potential interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Female; Psychotherapy; Depression; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Brain Neoplasms
PubMed: 36548176
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.21r03228 -
Pediatrics in Review Feb 2013
Review
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Brain Stem Neoplasms; Child; Craniopharyngioma; Delayed Diagnosis; Disease Progression; Humans; Infratentorial Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medulloblastoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neurologic Examination; Neuroradiography; Neurosurgical Procedures; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 23378614
DOI: 10.1542/pir.34-2-63 -
Current Opinion in Neurology Jun 2017Immunotherapy has emerged as a cornerstone of modern oncology with regulatory approvals for a variety of immunotherapeutics being achieved for a spectrum of cancer... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Immunotherapy has emerged as a cornerstone of modern oncology with regulatory approvals for a variety of immunotherapeutics being achieved for a spectrum of cancer indications. Nonetheless the role of these approaches for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and deadliest primary malignant brain neoplasm, remains unknown. In this review, we summarize the current status of clinical development for the major types of immunotherapeutics, including vaccines, cell-based therapies, and immune checkpoint modulators for GBM. We also highlight potential challenges confronting the development of these agents.
RECENT FINDINGS
Growing preclinical and clinical data is emerging regarding the potential of immunotherapy strategies for GBM. In parallel, growing data demonstrating that historical dogma classifying the brain as immunoprivileged is inaccurate but that many tumors, including GBM evoke myriad mechanisms to suppress antitumor immune responses.
SUMMARY
Ongoing initial trials will provide preliminary data on the role of immunotherapy for GBM patients. Subsequent clinical development steps will likely require rationally designed combinatorial regimens.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cancer Vaccines; Glioblastoma; Humans; Immunomodulation; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 28368867
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000451 -
Progress in Neurological Surgery 2019Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for patients with multiple brain metastases. Three decades of increasingly powerful scientific studies have... (Review)
Review
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for patients with multiple brain metastases. Three decades of increasingly powerful scientific studies have shown that SRS improves outcomes and reduces toxicity when it replaces whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Expert opinion surveys of clinicians have reported that the total intracranial tumor volume rather than the number of brain metastases is related to outcomes. As a result, an increasing number of treating and referring physicians have replaced the reflex use of WBRT with SRS, unless the patient has miliary disease or carcinomatous meningitis. In the current era of immunotherapy and targeted therapies with potentially increased systemic disease survival, 10 or more tumors are routinely treated with SRS alone at most academic medical centers. In a single SRS session we routinely treat patients with cumulative tumor volumes of 25 cm3 even if they have ≥10 metastases.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radiosurgery
PubMed: 31096242
DOI: 10.1159/000493055 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by plerocercoid larvae of the genera Spirometra. Cerebral sparganosis is one of its most serious complications wherein...
Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by plerocercoid larvae of the genera Spirometra. Cerebral sparganosis is one of its most serious complications wherein clinical and imaging findings may pose diagnostic challenge. Here we present a case of cerebral sparganosis which mimicked as brain tumour on clinicoradiological examination. The case is reported in view of its rarity in India and the need for awareness of the entity.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Sparganosis; Spirometra; Brain Neoplasms; India
PubMed: 36404193
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.10.009 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2012
Review
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis
PubMed: 22230531
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53502-3.00021-5 -
Revue Neurologique Dec 2019Adult primary tumors of the central nervous system are rare, but the incidence is increased in some European countries. Several environmental exposures have been... (Review)
Review
Adult primary tumors of the central nervous system are rare, but the incidence is increased in some European countries. Several environmental exposures have been investigated as potential risk factors, but for most, scientific evidence is still lacking. Here we review studies of environmental factors potentially involved in the carcinogenesis of brain tumors: the potential association between primary central nervous system tumors and ionizing radiation, some toxic agents (N-nitroso compounds, pesticides), air pollution, and radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. Brain-ionizing irradiation, especially during childhood, constitutes a well-established risk factor for brain tumors. Exposure to environmental toxins has been poorly explored and data give inconsistent clues about N-nitroso compounds or pesticides as risk factors of brain tumors even for prenatal exposure. For out-door pollution and risk of brain tumour, results of large prospective studies are contradictory. The effect of mobile phones on the risk of developing brain tumors has not been established for glioma and meningioma in adults, but the link with acoustic neurinoma is becoming robust. The effect of mobile phones has still not been explored in children.
Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Phone Use; Electromagnetic Radiation; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Glioma; Humans; Neurilemmoma; Neurotoxins; Pesticides; Radiation, Ionizing; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31526552
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.004 -
Neuro-oncology Nov 2022The mainstays of radiation therapy include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and internally implanted radiation, or brachytherapy (BT), all with distinct benefits... (Review)
Review
The mainstays of radiation therapy include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and internally implanted radiation, or brachytherapy (BT), all with distinct benefits and risks in terms of local or distant tumor control and normal brain toxicities, respectively. GammaTile® Surgically Targeted Radiation Therapy (STaRT) attempts to limit the drawbacks of other BT paradigms via a permanently implanted, bioresorbable, conformable, collagen tile containing four uniform intensity radiation sources, thus preventing deleterious direct contact with the brain and optimizing interseed spacing to homogenous radiation exposure. The safety and feasibility of GammaTile® STaRT therapy was established by multiple clinical trials encompassing the spectrum of primary and secondary brain neoplasms, both recurrent and newly-diagnosed. Implantable GT tiles were FDA approved in 2018 for use in recurrent intracranial neoplasms, expanded to newly-diagnosed malignant intracranial neoplasms by 2020. The current spectrum of trials focuses on better defining the relative efficacy and safety of non-GT standard-of-care radiation strategies for intracranial brain neoplasm. We summarize the key design and eligibility criteria for open and future trials of GT therapy, including registries and randomized trials for newly-diagnosed and recurrent brain metastases as well as recurrent and newly-diagnosed glioblastoma in combination with approved therapies.
Topics: Humans; Radiosurgery; Brain Neoplasms; Brachytherapy
PubMed: 36322100
DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac130 -
Neuropsychology Review Sep 2022Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that allows for the characterization of complex networks, and has rapidly grown in popularity in network neuroscience in recent... (Review)
Review
Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that allows for the characterization of complex networks, and has rapidly grown in popularity in network neuroscience in recent years. Researchers have begun to use graph theory to describe the brain networks of individuals with brain tumors to shed light on disrupted networks. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on graph theoretical analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data in the brain tumor population with particular attention paid to treatment effects and other clinical factors. Included papers were published through June 24, 2020. Searches were conducted on Pubmed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science using the search terms (graph theory OR graph analysis) AND (brain tumor OR brain tumour OR brain neoplasm) AND (MRI OR EEG OR MEG). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: evaluated participants with a primary brain tumor, used graph theoretical analyses on structural or functional MRI data, MEG, or EEG, were in English, and were an empirical research study. Seventeen papers met criteria for inclusion. Results suggest alterations in network properties are often found in people with brain tumors, although the directions of differences are inconsistent and few studies reported effect sizes. The most consistent finding suggests increased network segregation. Changes are most prominent with more intense treatment, in hub regions, and with factors such as faster tumor growth. The use of graph theory to study brain tumor patients is in its infancy, though some conclusions can be drawn. Future studies should focus on treatment factors, changes over time, and correlations with functional outcomes to better identify those in need of early intervention.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nerve Net
PubMed: 34235627
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09512-5 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... May 2020Pet hedgehog medicine and surgery is a rapidly evolving field, with some novel conditions and re-emerging diseases being reported in the literature in recent years. Skin... (Review)
Review
Pet hedgehog medicine and surgery is a rapidly evolving field, with some novel conditions and re-emerging diseases being reported in the literature in recent years. Skin disease and neoplasia are commonly found in African pygmy hedgehogs worldwide. Selected new and emerging diseases occurring in these commonly reported groups are discussed in greater detail, focusing on Caparinia tripilis infestation and brain tumors. This article primarily discusses African pygmy hedgehogs, with some reference to European free-living hedgehogs.
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Female; Hedgehogs; Mite Infestations; Psoroptidae
PubMed: 32327047
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.01.010