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Nutrition, Metabolism, and... Nov 2020Canola oil (CO) is a plant-based oil with the potential to improve several cardiometabolic risk factors. We systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Canola oil (CO) is a plant-based oil with the potential to improve several cardiometabolic risk factors. We systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of CO on lipid profiles, apo-lipoproteins, glycemic indices, inflammation, and blood pressure compared to other edible oils in adults.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Online databases were searched for articles up to January 2020. Forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. CO significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC, -0.27 mmol/l, n = 37), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.23 mmol/l, n = 35), LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL, -0.21, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.13, n = 15), apolipoprotein B (Apo B, -0.03 g/l, n = 14), and Apo B/Apo A-1 (-0.02, n = 6) compared to other edible oils (P < 0.05). Compared to olive oil, CO decreased TC (-0.23 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL-C (-0.17 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL/HDL (-0.39, n = 2), and triglycerides in VLDL (VLDL-TG, -0.10 mmol/l, n = 2) (P < 0.05). Compared to sunflower oil, CO improved LDL-C (-0.14 mmol/l, n = 11), and LDL/HDL (-0.30, n = 3) (P < 0.05). In comparison with saturated fats, CO improved TC (-0.59 mmol/l, n = 11), TG (-0.08 mmol/l, n = 11), LDL-C (-0.49 mmol/l, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.29, n = 5), and Apo B (-0.09 g/l, n = 4) (P < 0.05). Based on the nonlinear dose-response curve, replacing CO with ~15% of total caloric intake provided the greatest benefits.
CONCLUSION
CO significantly improved different cardiometabolic risk factors compared to other edible oils. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to confirm the dose-response associations.
Topics: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet, Healthy; Energy Intake; Humans; Nutritive Value; Protective Factors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rapeseed Oil; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Risk Assessment; Risk Reduction Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33127255
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.007 -
Journal of Food Science Sep 2019Five canola oil organogel formulations were used to replace pork fat in pâtés to increase unsaturated fat content, and to determine their effects on texture and...
Five canola oil organogel formulations were used to replace pork fat in pâtés to increase unsaturated fat content, and to determine their effects on texture and sensory properties. While pâtés made with canola oil were softer than the control pork fat product at room temperature, pâtés made with gelled canola oil (organogel pâtés) had similar hardness values to the control. Back extrusion results (also a measure of spreadability) showed that pâté made with canola oil only was softer than the control at 4 °C, but the pâtés made with organogels were similar to the control. Organogel pâtés were perceived to have similar sensory hardness, oiliness, and juiciness as the control. Pâtés made with organogels showed higher oil loss, over time, compared to control; however, pâtés made with organogels containing glycerol monostearate showed lower oil loss after 24 hr (P < 0.05) compared to the other organogel treatments. Light microscopy showed that fat globule size was notably larger in pâtés made with organogels than in the pork fat and the canola oil control pâtés. The color of organogel pâtés was darker compared to pâtés made with pork fat or canola oil only. Sensory data showed that all fat replaced pâtés had very similar flavor profiles. Overall, organogel pâtés showed comparable textural, physical, and sensory properties to the traditional pâté made with pork fat, while reducing the saturated fat content by 60%. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Use of vegetable oil in highly emulsified liver pâté has been shown to be possible via the use of organogels prepared with ethylcellulose. This has been a challenge because some of the meat proteins are heat denatured prior to the emulsification process. Overall, the use of organogels, with specific hardness and oil retention values, is possible as demonstrated in this publication.
Topics: Animals; Emulsions; Food Handling; Gels; Liver; Meat Products; Pork Meat; Rapeseed Oil; Swine
PubMed: 31429478
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14753 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023This article aims to review research progress and provide future study on physicochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics of canola and rapeseed... (Review)
Review
Research progress and future study on physicochemical, nutritional, and structural characteristics of canola and rapeseed feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing and nutrient modeling evaluation methods.
This article aims to review research progress and provide future study on physicochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics of canola and rapeseed feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing and nutrient modeling evaluation methods. The review includes Canola oil seed production, utilization and features; Rapeseed oil seed production and canola oil seed import in China; Bio-processing, co-products and conventional evaluation methods; Modeling methods for evaluation of truly absorbed protein supply from canola feedstock and co-products. The article provides our current research in feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing which include Characterization of chemical and nutrient profiles and ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion; Revealing intrinsic molecular structures and relationship between the molecular structure spectra features and nutrient supply from feedstocks and co-products using advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy technique. The study focused on advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy which can be used as a fast tool to study molecular structure features of feedstock and co-products from bio-oil processing. The article also provides future in depth study areas. This review provides an insight as how to use advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy for in-depth analysis of the relationship between molecular structure spectral feature and nutrition delivery from canola feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing.
Topics: Brassica napus; Rapeseed Oil; Brassica rapa; Nutrients; Animal Feed
PubMed: 35152796
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2033686 -
Nutrition Reviews Jun 2013Canola oil-based diets have been shown to reduce plasma cholesterol levels in comparison with diets containing higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Consumption of... (Review)
Review
Canola oil-based diets have been shown to reduce plasma cholesterol levels in comparison with diets containing higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Consumption of canola oil also influences biological functions that affect various other biomarkers of disease risk. Previous reviews have focused on the health effects of individual components of canola oil. Here, the objective is to address the health effects of intact canola oil, as this has immediate practical implications for consumers, nutritionists, and others deciding which oil to consume or recommend. A literature search was conducted to examine the effects of canola oil consumption on coronary heart disease, insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, energy metabolism, and cancer cell growth. Data reveal substantial reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as other positive actions, including increased tocopherol levels and improved insulin sensitivity, compared with consumption of other dietary fat sources. In summary, growing scientific evidence supports the use of canola oil, beyond its beneficial actions on circulating lipid levels, as a health-promoting component of the diet.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diet; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Food, Organic; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Rapeseed Oil
PubMed: 23731447
DOI: 10.1111/nure.12033 -
Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews Jul 2021This study aimed to compare the effects of sesame (SO), canola (CO), and sesame-canola (SCO: a blend) oils on glycaemic control markers and liver function enzymes in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Canola oil compared with sesame and sesame-canola oil on glycaemic control and liver function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A three-way randomized triple-blind cross-over trial.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to compare the effects of sesame (SO), canola (CO), and sesame-canola (SCO: a blend) oils on glycaemic control markers and liver function enzymes in adults with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
In this randomized, triple-blind, three-way, cross-over clinical trial, participants replaced their usual oil with the intervention oils for 9 weeks. Serum fasting blood sugar, fasting serum insulin (FSI), insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), beta-cell function (HOMA2-%B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), as well as serum liver function enzymes were measured at baseline and end of intervention periods.
RESULTS
Ninety-two participants completed all treatment periods. After adjusting for confounders, all treatment oils resulted in significant improvements in FSI and HOMA2-%S (p < 0.05). SO and SCO led to favourable changes in HOMA2-IR and QUICKI (p < 0.05). Following CO and SCO, there was a significant decrease in HOMA2-%B (p < 0.05). The sex-stratified analysis revealed that FSI and HOMA2-IR were decreased after SO compared to CO in males (p = 0.024). Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was significantly lower following SO compared to CO in females (p = 0.02), however, the difference in change values was not significant (p = 0.058).
CONCLUSIONS
SO consumption appears to improve glycaemic control markers in males and serum GGT in females compared with CO in patients with type 2 diabetes (registration code: IRCT2016091312571N6).
Topics: Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycemic Control; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Male; Rapeseed Oil; Sesame Oil; Sesamum
PubMed: 32860716
DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3399 -
Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology... Oct 2019Canola (or rapeseed) oil and waste vegetable oil (WVO) are used commonly to make biodiesel fuels composed completely from these oils (B100) or as blends with petroleum... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Canola (or rapeseed) oil and waste vegetable oil (WVO) are used commonly to make biodiesel fuels composed completely from these oils (B100) or as blends with petroleum diesel (B0). However, no studies have reported the mutagenic potencies of the particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM) or the mutagenicity emission factors, such as revertants/MJ (rev/MJ) for these biodiesel emissions. Using strains TA98 and TA100 with the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay, we determined these metrics for organic extracts of PM of emissions from biodiesel containing 5% soy oil (soy B5); 5, 20, 50, and 100% canola (canola B5, B20, B50, B100), and 100% waste vegetable oil (WVO B100). The mutagenic potencies (rev/mg PM) of the canola B100 and WVO B100 emissions were generally greater than those of B0, whereas the mutagenicity emission factors (rev/MJ, rev/kg fuel, and rev/m) were less, reflecting the lower PM emissions of the biodiesels relative to B0. Nearly all the rev/mg PM and rev/MJ values were greater in TA98 with S9 than without S9, indicating a relatively greater role for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which require S9, than nitroarenes, which do not. In TA100 -S9, the rev/mg PM and rev/MJ for the biodiesels were generally ≥ to those of B0, indicating that most of these biodiesels produced more direct-acting, base-substitution mutagenic activity than did B0. For B100 biodiesels and petroleum diesel, the rev/MJ in TA98 + S9 ranked: petroleum diesel > canola > WVO > soy. The diesel emissions generally had rev/MJ values orders of magnitude higher than those of large utility-scale combustors (natural gas, coal, oil, or wood) but orders of magnitude lower than those of inefficient open burning (e.g., residential wood fireplaces). These comparative data of the potential health effects of a variety of biodiesel fuels will help inform the life-cycle assessment and use of biodiesel fuels.
Topics: Activation, Metabolic; Air Pollutants; Animals; Biofuels; Industrial Waste; Microsomes, Liver; Mutagenicity Tests; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Plant Oils; Rapeseed Oil; Rats; Salmonella; Soybean Oil; Vehicle Emissions
PubMed: 31585630
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.013 -
European Journal of Medical Research Oct 2023This study was undertaken to examine the effects of daily consumption of γ-oryzanol (ORZ)-fortified canola oil, as compared with plain canola and sunflower oils, on... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Daily consumption of γ-oryzanol-fortified canola oil, compared with unfortified canola and sunflower oils, resulted in a better improvement of certain cardiometabolic biomarkers of adult subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
BACKGROUND
This study was undertaken to examine the effects of daily consumption of γ-oryzanol (ORZ)-fortified canola oil, as compared with plain canola and sunflower oils, on certain cardiometabolic indicators.
METHODS
Ninety-two adult subjects from both sexes with T2D were randomly assigned to one of the three groups to receive: (a) ORZ-fortified canola oil (Group 1; n = 30); (b) unfortified canola oil (Group 2; n = 32); or (c) sunflower oil (Group 3; n = 30) for 12 weeks. The participants were instructed to use only the given oils for all cooking (but frying) purposes. Anthropometric, dietary and biochemical assessments were done initially and finally.
RESULTS
Though body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased in all three groups, only in Groups 1 and 2 waist circumference (WC) showed a significant decrement (-2.6 ± 0.1 and -2.2 ± 0.1 cm in Groups 1 and 2 respectively, p < 0.001 for both) which was accompanied by a significant reduction of blood pressure just in Group 1. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) showed a significant decrease only in ORZ-fortified canola oil group (-7.7 ± 0.4 mg/dL, p = 0.039 and -0.7 ± 0.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). However, insulin resistance, as judged by HOMA-IR, did not change significantly. In addition, serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations decreased in all three groups but only in ORZ-fortified canola oil was this decrement statistically significant (-17.9 ± 2.1 mg/dL, p = 0.005). Other components of serum lipid profile did not change significantly in either group.
CONCLUSIONS
Consumption of either sunflower or canola oils for 12 weeks improved certain studied biomarkers. However, only ORZ-fortified canola oil resulted in a significant decrease of blood pressure, WC, FBG, HbA1c and TG. These findings can help both clinicians and public health authorities for dietary recommendations to subjects with T2D and presumably the whole community.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
number at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05271045).
Topics: Male; Female; Adult; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Rapeseed Oil; Sunflower Oil; Glycated Hemoglobin; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37817285
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01409-8 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Sep 2021Canola oil (Can) and several vegetable oils shorten the lifespan of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Although similar lifespan shortening has been...
BACKGROUND
Canola oil (Can) and several vegetable oils shorten the lifespan of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Although similar lifespan shortening has been reported for partially hydrogenated Can, the efficacy of fully hydrogenated oils on the lifespan remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the lifespan of SHRSP fed diets containing 10 % (w/w) of fully hydrogenated Can (FHCO) or other oils.
METHODS
Survival test: Upon weaning, male SHRSP were fed a basal diet for rodents mixed with one of the test oils -i.e., FHCO, Can, lard (Lrd), and palm oil (Plm) throughout the experiment. The animals could freely access the diet and drinking water (water containing 1 % NaCl), and their body weight, food intake, and lifespan were recorded. Biochemical analysis test: Male SHRSP were fed a test diet with either FHCO, Can, or soybean oil (Soy) under the same condition, except to emphasize effects of fat, that no NaCl loading was applied. Soy was used as a fat source in the basal diet and was set the control group. Blood pressures was checked every 2 weeks, and serum fat levels and histological analyses of the brain and kidney were examined after 7 or 12 weeks of feeding.
RESULTS
During the survival study period, the food consumption of FHCO-fed rats significantly increased (15-20 % w/w) compared with that of rats fed any other oil. However, the body weight gain in the FHCO group was significantly less (10-12 %) than that in the control group at 9-11 weeks old. The FHCO (> 180 days) intervention had the greatest effect on lifespan, followed by the Lrd (115 ± 6 days), Plm (101 ± 2 days), and Can (94 ± 3 days) diets. FHCO remarkably decreased the serum cholesterol level compared with Can and the systolic blood pressure from 12 to 16 weeks of age. In addition, while some rats in the Can group exhibited brain hemorrhaging and renal dysfunction at 16 weeks old, no symptoms were observed in the FHCO group.
CONCLUSION
This current study suggests that complete hydrogenation decreases the toxicity of Can and even prolongs the lifespan in SHRSP.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Brain; Cholesterol; Dietary Fats; Eating; Fatty Acids; Hydrogenation; Hypertension; Kidney; Longevity; Male; Palm Oil; Phytosterols; Rapeseed Oil; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Soybean Oil; Stroke; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 34511125
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01540-7 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Nov 2023Several randomized clinical trials have investigated the effects of canola oil (CO) compared to olive oil (OO) on the serum lipid profiles in adults. However, the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Several randomized clinical trials have investigated the effects of canola oil (CO) compared to olive oil (OO) on the serum lipid profiles in adults. However, the results of these studies are inconsistent. Thus, this study aimed to assess the comparison of CO and OO consumption on the serum lipid components in adults.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The following online databases were searched until February 4, 2022: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. The effect sizes were stated as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 13 eligible trials were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that the CO consumption, significantly reduced serum LDL-c (WMD: -6.13 mg/dl, 95%CI: -9.79, -2.46, p = 0.001), TC (WMD: -8.92 mg/dl, 95% CI: -13.52, -4.33, P < 0.001) and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (WMD: -0.30; 95% CI, -0.53, -0.06, p = 0.01) levels compared to OO. There were no significant changes in the other components of the blood lipids.
CONCLUSION
The results of this review suggest that CO consumptionhas beneficial effects on LDL-c, TC, and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio compared to OO. Therefore, its replacement with OO can have cardioprotective impacts.
Topics: Olive Oil; Rapeseed Oil; Plant Oils; Cholesterol, LDL; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Lipids; Triglycerides; Cholesterol, HDL
PubMed: 35866510
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2100314 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2019Conventional canola oil and structured canola oil systems, consisting of oil in water hydrogelled emulsions (with 1.5% or 3% kappa carrageenan) and ethylcellulose...
Conventional canola oil and structured canola oil systems, consisting of oil in water hydrogelled emulsions (with 1.5% or 3% kappa carrageenan) and ethylcellulose organogels (12%, with 0%, 1.5% or 3% glycerol monostearate), were used to replace beef fat in emulsion type meat batters. Replacement with regular canola oil increased hardness and lightness (P < .05) of the reformulated products as compared to those with beef fat. Structuring the oil resulted in similar color and texture (P > .05), and lower oxidation values (P < .05) of meat batters. Reformulated products also gave rise to a healthier fatty acid profile, evidenced by a decrease in saturated fatty acids (SFA) from 11.8% to ≈ 2% and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from 0.3% to ≈ 5%. Omega-6 to omega-3 ratio also decreased (16.2 to ≈ 2) when incorporating canola oil into meat batters. Batters formulated with organogels showed improved matrix stability compared to those with hydrogelled emulsions, which showed some coalescence of fat globules and fat losses during cooking, resulting in a reduction of fat content (P < .05).
Topics: Carrageenan; Cellulose; Emulsions; Fatty Acids; Food Handling; Hydrogels; Rapeseed Oil; Red Meat
PubMed: 31229064
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.056