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Journal of Travel Medicine Jan 2022
Topics: Animals; Capillaria; Feces; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Israel
PubMed: 34490463
DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab132 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Sep 2020Intestinal capillariasisis is a newly emerging parasitic disease and its outcome may be fatal if not diagnosed and treated in the proper time. The main diagnosis of...
Intestinal capillariasisis is a newly emerging parasitic disease and its outcome may be fatal if not diagnosed and treated in the proper time. The main diagnosis of intestinal capillariasis is made by identifying eggs, larvae and/or adults in the stools of infected cases. This study aimed to describe a different type of developmental stages, which is the detection of adult females carrying embryonated thick-shelled eggs in their uteri in the fecal samples of infected cases. The study included 40 patients admitted to the hospitals of Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University and Beni-Suef University. Stool examination was performed using direct smear and the formalin-ether concentration methods. The adult stages of the parasite were detected in 35 stool samples, eggs were detected in 33 cases, 5 of them were diagnosed by detecting eggs only. We could identify three types of eggs of : non-embryonated thick-shelled eggs in feces of cases, embryonated thin-shelled and embryonated thick-shelled eggs in the uteri of female worms. Only in 2 cases we were able to identify female worms with embryonated thick-shelled eggs inside their uteri. This finding has never been mentioned and may point out to a missing point in the known life cycle.
PubMed: 32801522
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01248-y -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Feb 2010Capillaria hepatica (C. hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals. Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C. hepatica... (Review)
Review
Capillaria hepatica (C. hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals. Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C. hepatica were rodents, among which rats had relatively high infection rates, which explains why C. hepatica spreads globally. Anatomical studies showed that the liver was the principal site of colonization by these parasites and physical damage tended to occur. Although C. hepatica might lead to serious liver disorders, relevant clinical reports were rare, because of the non-specific nature of clinical symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis. This review mainly focuses on the biological characteristics and epidemiology of C. hepatica in China and histopathologic changes in the liver, with expectation of gaining a better understanding of the disease and seeking more effective treatment.
Topics: Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Capillaria; China; Enoplida Infections; Humans; Incidence; Liver
PubMed: 20135717
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i6.698 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jan 2012The goal of this study was to present an overview of human infections with Capillaria philippinensis, a new emerging parasite in Upper Egypt. The study included 21...
The goal of this study was to present an overview of human infections with Capillaria philippinensis, a new emerging parasite in Upper Egypt. The study included 21 inpatients who had been admitted to the Assiut University Hospital. Patients suffered from intermittent abdominal pain, borborygmi, chronic diarrhea lasting for several weeks, and marked weight loss. Hypoalbuminemia and low serum levels of potassium, calcium, and sodium were detected in most patients. A stool examination was performed using direct smears and the formalin-ether concentration method. Intact adult worms and/or eggs were evaluated using a light microscope and processed for scanning electron microscopy. The examination by light microscopy illustrated the general morphology of different stages. Using scanning electron microscopy, intestinal villi were found partially covering the cuticle of the adult worms, which provided evidence for the invasion of adult worms into the jejunal mucosa. Two distinct types of eggs, thick-shelled and thin-shelled, were identified and measured.
Topics: Adult; Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Capillaria; Child; Egypt; Endemic Diseases; Enoplida Infections; Feces; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 22232463
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0321 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Oct 2013
Topics: Animals; Capillaria; Enoplida Infections; Feces; Food Parasitology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count
PubMed: 24106184
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0126 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Mar 1975The reactivity of sera from 151 confirmed human cases of Capillaria philippinensis infection was examined by double diffusion and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests...
The reactivity of sera from 151 confirmed human cases of Capillaria philippinensis infection was examined by double diffusion and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests chiefly against Capillaria obsignata antigen because of the present unavailability of C. philippinensis antigen. Antigens from additional parasites and other human and animal sera representing a variety of helminthic infections were used for comparison. Of 71 pre-treatment human sera, 56.3% were reactive by double diffusion test and 85.9% by IHA test (titer greater than 1:16) with C. obsignata antigen. C. philippinensis sera were also reactive with Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris vulpis antigens but not with Schistosoma japonicum antigens. Sera from other infections such as with T. spiralis, T. vulpis, and S. japonicum were also reactive with C. obsignata antigen but sera from Trichuris trichiura infection were not. With C. obsignata antigen, IHA titers in human C. philippinensis sera are apparently not related to clinical severity of the disease; the titers remain at fairly stable levels during the course of the illness but may tend to decrease after chemotherapy. The cross-reactivities observed dictate caution in the use and interpretation of any serologic procedure for human intestinal capillariasis; nevertheless, the IHA test using C. obsignata antigen may be a useful addition tool in the study of C. philippinensis infection both for clinical and epidemiologic purposes especially when the efficiency of stool examination is decreased by changes in the reproductive activity of the helminth.
Topics: Adult; Ancylostoma; Animals; Ascaris; Capillaria; Cross Reactions; Female; Helminthiasis; Helminths; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Male; Nematode Infections; Paragonimus; Philippines; Retrospective Studies; Schistosoma; Taenia; Toxocara; Trichinella; Trichostrongyloidea; Trichuris; Trichuroidea; Vertebrates
PubMed: 804269
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1975.24.256 -
Experimental Parasitology Jul 2015Human infection with Capillaria philippinensis is accidental; however, it may end fatally if not diagnosed and treated in the proper time. The first case was detected in...
Human infection with Capillaria philippinensis is accidental; however, it may end fatally if not diagnosed and treated in the proper time. The first case was detected in the Philippines in 1963, but later reported in other countries around the world, including Egypt. In this report, molecular diagnosis using a specific nested PCR for detection of C. philippinensis in faeces is described based on the amplification of small ribosomal subunit. The test showed sensitivity and specificity, as it detected all the positive cases and gave no cross-reaction with human DNA and DNA of other tested parasites. This method can be very useful not only for improvement of diagnosis, but also to understand the different environmental routes of transmission by detection of C. philippinensis DNA-stages in the possible fish intermediate hosts and reservoir animal host, helping to improve strategies for surveillance and prevention of human disease.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Capillaria; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Ribosomal; Disease Reservoirs; Egypt; Enoplida Infections; Feces; Female; Humans; Larva; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Ovum; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Alignment; Zoonoses
PubMed: 25913089
DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.011 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 1992Intestinal capillariasis caused by Capillaria philippinensis appeared first in the Philippines and subsequently in Thailand, Japan, Iran, Egypt, and Taiwan, but most... (Review)
Review
Intestinal capillariasis caused by Capillaria philippinensis appeared first in the Philippines and subsequently in Thailand, Japan, Iran, Egypt, and Taiwan, but most infections occur in the Philippines and Thailand. As established experimentally, the life cycle involves freshwater fish as intermediate hosts and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts. Embryonated eggs from feces fed to fish hatch and grow as larvae in the fish intestines. Infective larvae fed to monkeys, Mongolian gerbils, and fish-eating birds develop into adults. Larvae become adults in 10 to 11 days, and the first-generation females produce larvae. These larvae develop into males and egg-producing female worms. Eggs pass with the feces, reach water, embryonate, and infect fish. Autoinfection is part of the life cycle and leads to hyperinfection. Humans acquire the infection by eating small freshwater fish raw. The parasite multiplies, and symptoms of diarrhea, borborygmus, abdominal pain, and edema develop. Chronic infections lead to malabsorption and hence to protein and electrolyte loss, and death results from irreversible effects of the infection. Treatment consists of electrolyte replacement and administration of an antidiarrheal agent and mebendazole or albendazole. Capillariasis philippinensis is considered a zoonotic disease of migratory fish-eating birds. The eggs are disseminated along flyways and infect the fish, and when fish are eaten raw, the disease develops.
Topics: Animals; Capillaria; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Nematode Infections
PubMed: 1576584
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.5.2.120 -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Apr 1954
Topics: Animals; Capillaria; Nematoda
PubMed: 13148131
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/24.4.448 -
Zhonghua Minguo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui... 1998
Topics: Aged; Animals; Capillaria; Enoplida Infections; Humans; Male
PubMed: 9599892
DOI: No ID Found