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Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy Nov 1986The chemistry, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and clinical indications for cefsulodin are reviewed and compared to ceftazidime and cefoperazone.... (Review)
Review
The chemistry, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and clinical indications for cefsulodin are reviewed and compared to ceftazidime and cefoperazone. Cefsulodin is a narrow-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with activity virtually restricted to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefsulodin is eliminated renally and has a serum half-life similar to ceftazidime and cefoperazone. Cefsulodin appears to be well tolerated and relatively free of any significant toxicity except for nausea and vomiting, which appear to be related to the infusion rate. Cefsulodin may be beneficial in those rare clinical situations where an infection is caused by a sensitive isolate of P. aeruginosa known to be resistant to the other antipseudomonal cephalosporins, and/or the avoidance of an aminoglycoside antibiotic is desired. However, its empiric use is to be discouraged.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cefsulodin; Humans
PubMed: 3536385
DOI: 10.1177/106002808602001104 -
Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1984Cefsulodin is a novel cephalosporin that contains a pyridinomethyl substituent at position 3 of the dihydrothiazine ring and a sulfo group on the acyl side chain.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Cefsulodin is a novel cephalosporin that contains a pyridinomethyl substituent at position 3 of the dihydrothiazine ring and a sulfo group on the acyl side chain. Cefsulodin has a high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa but binds poorly to those of other bacteria. Cefsulodin has the ability to readily pass through the outer wall of P. aeruginosa and is poorly hydrolyzed by most chromosomal beta-lactamases. It is partially destroyed by the carbenicillinases of P. aeruginosa that are plasmid mediated. Cefsulodin inhibits 50% of P. aeruginosa isolates at concentrations of 2-4 micrograms/ml. Cefsulodin acts synergistically with all aminoglycosides against 20%-80% of P. aeruginosa isolates.
Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefsulodin; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drug Synergism; Humans; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 6443768
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/6.supplement_3.s667 -
Microorganisms Dec 2022Background microorganism growth on Chromogenic Coliform Agar (CCA) can be challenging. For this reason, a new alternative method with a Cefsulodin/Vancomycin...
Background microorganism growth on Chromogenic Coliform Agar (CCA) can be challenging. For this reason, a new alternative method with a Cefsulodin/Vancomycin (CV)-supplemented CCA should be developed in this study. CCA supplemented with CV was validated according to ÖNORM EN ISO 16140-4:2021 using water from natural sources in Styria, Austria. Results show that the alternative method using the supplemented CCA has similar values in relation to sensitivity (82.2%), specificity (98.6%) and higher selectivity (59%) compared to the reference method. Repeatability and reproducibility were acceptable for the alternative method and showed similar results with the reference method. The alternative method shows a very low false positive rate and a low false negative rate paired with good performance regarding the inclusion study. The exclusion study shows the advantage of our method by suppressing background microorganisms and facilitating the process of enumeration of and other coliform bacteria on CCA plates. and growth was inhibited using the supplement. To conclude, the coliform CV selective supplement combined with CCA is an appropriate tool for coliform bacteria detection in water samples.
PubMed: 36557752
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122499 -
Clinical Pharmacy 1984The microbiologic, pharmacokinetic, and clinical profiles of cefsulodin and ceftazidime are reviewed. Ceftazidime is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin... (Review)
Review
The microbiologic, pharmacokinetic, and clinical profiles of cefsulodin and ceftazidime are reviewed. Ceftazidime is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin with excellent activity against gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefsulodin is a narrow-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Ps. aeruginosa. Both antibiotics, which are expected to be marketed in the United States, are superior to currently available cephalosporins against Ps. aeruginosa. Cefsulodin and ceftazidime are administered by the i.m. or i.v. route, are widely distributed in body fluids and tissues, and exhibit relatively low binding to serum proteins. They are eliminated primarily through the urine, and they generally can be administered every 8 to 12 hours, depending upon the type of infection. Cefsulodin has been used successfully in the treatment of various Ps. aeruginosa infections in noncomparative studies. Ceftazidime has been successfully used as a single agent in comparative studies for Ps. aeruginosa infections. Because of its broad spectrum and its activity against penicillin-resistant and aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas, ceftazidime can be used empirically as a single agent in place of combination therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. Ceftazidime has also been useful as a single agent used empirically for treating febrile episodes in neutropenic patients and for treating hospital-acquired infections in nonneutropenic patients when Pseudomonas cannot be ruled out. Ceftazidime is a useful broad-spectrum antibiotic, particularly in the empiric therapy of nosocomial infections and in patients whose underlying conditions predispose them to Ps. aeruginosa infections. Cefsulodin may prove useful as single-agent therapy of certain infections known to be caused by Ps. aeruginosa, but its empiric use is not encouraged.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bone Diseases; Cefsulodin; Ceftazidime; Cephalosporins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drug Compounding; Humans; Kinetics; Meningitis; Neutropenia; Pseudomonas Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tissue Distribution; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 6380902
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics May 1982Cefsulodin kinetics were determined after a 500-mg dose to normal subjects and patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency, including those requiring...
Cefsulodin kinetics were determined after a 500-mg dose to normal subjects and patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency, including those requiring hemodialysis. Elimination kinetics were described by a two-compartment model. Steady-state volume of distribution was 0.26 l/kg regardless of renal function. When glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was more than 80 ml/min, elimination half-life (t1/2) was 1.9 hr, total body clearance (ClT) was 2.01 ml/kg/min, and renal clearance (ClR) was 1.09 ml/kg/ in. When GFR ranged from 79 to 53 ml/min, t1/2 was 2.9 hr, ClT was 1.17 ml/kg/min, and ClR was 0.65 ml/kg/min. In subjects with moderate renal failure in whom GFR was 32 to 22 ml/min, t1/2 was 5.7 hr, Clt was 0.66 ml/kg/min, and ClR was 0.26 ml/kg/min. In anuric patients t1/2 was 13.0 hr. and ClT was 0.19 ml/kg/min or 9.5% of ClT in normal subjects. There was a linear relationship between ClT and GFR such that ClT = 0.19 + 0.017 GFR (r = 0.95). During hemodialysis the average plasma flow was 122 ml/min, dialyzer plasma clearance was 50.9 ml/min, plasma drug concentration was reduced by 60%, and t1/2 fell to 2.1 hr. After dialysis the elimination rate appeared to return to that in nondialysis studies. Therefore, renal failure reduces the ClT of cefsulodin. In hemodialysis patients the maintenance dose of cefsulodin should be reduced to 10% of normal and 60% of the dose should be given after hemodialysis.
Topics: Adult; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Creatinine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney Diseases; Kinetics; Male; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 7075110
DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1982.84 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 1984Cefsulodin sodium is a narrow-spectrum cephalosporin with marked in vitro activity against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have studied the antibiotic in... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Cefsulodin sodium is a narrow-spectrum cephalosporin with marked in vitro activity against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have studied the antibiotic in a clinical trial in 10 patients admitted to the Pediatric Ward of the University of Virginia Medical Center with cystic fibrosis and recurrent acute lower respiratory tract infections with P. aeruginosa isolated from their sputa. The patients received 500 to 1,500 mg of cefsulodin every 6 hours by intravenous infusion for 10 to 22 days. Mean peak drug levels in plasma after 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg were 46, 71, and 90 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the mean minimal inhibitory concentration of all organisms was 7.5 micrograms/ml. Detectable levels of cefsulodin in sputa were found in approximately half of the random samples and ranged from 2 to 5 micrograms/ml. The clinical response was satisfactory in nine (90%) of the patients. One patient gained weight and had improved pulmonary function tests but showed no reduction in sputum production and no improvement in arterial blood gas values. In pulmonary function tests, four of five patients tested showed an average 43% increase in forced vital capacity after initiation of therapy and five of five had an average 51% increase in forced expired volume in 1 s. No adverse effects were observed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sputum
PubMed: 6422844
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.25.1.4 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Sep 1981
Review
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cefotaxime; Cefsulodin; Ceftazidime; Ceftriaxone; Cephalosporins; Cephamycins; Drug Stability; Lactams; Moxalactam; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Thienamycins; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 6270049
DOI: 10.1093/jac/8.3.165 -
The Journal of International Medical... 1986Cefsulodin, a narrow-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent antipseudomonal activity was used to treat 48 patients with 51 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. These...
Cefsulodin, a narrow-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent antipseudomonal activity was used to treat 48 patients with 51 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. These included osteomyelitis, infected prostheses, post-operative and post-traumatic superficial wounds, decubitus and stasis ulcers, lower respiratory tract infections and infections of the urinary tract. Many of the patients were compromised by underlying debilitating conditions such as severe trauma, diabetes mellitus, vascular impairment, and abuse of alcohol and drugs. In cases of polymicrobial infections, a concomitant non-antipseudomonal antibiotic was sometimes administered. Cefsulodin was administered intravenously to 47 patients and by intramuscular injections to one individual. The dosage ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 g every six hr and duration of therapy was from 4 to 70 days. A satisfactory clinical response was observed in 88% of the patients. P. aeruginosa was eradicated from 76% of the infection sites. Failures, which included relapse within one year, were generally associated with prior severe trauma or vascular impairment in cases of osteomyelitis. Reinfections and superinfections developed in 12 individuals. Adverse reactions reported for two patients were nausea and vomiting. A third patient had transient increases in alkaline phosphatase and SGOT. These data indicate that cefsulodin is an effective and safe antibiotic in various types of P. aeruginosa infections.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cefsulodin; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Pseudomonas Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections; Wound Infection
PubMed: 3770290
DOI: 10.1177/030006058601400504 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 1986
Topics: Cefsulodin; Humans
PubMed: 3750440
DOI: No ID Found -
Urology Nov 1986Male patients with spinal cord injury and urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with cefsulodin (1.0 or 1.5 Gm) every six hours or an... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Male patients with spinal cord injury and urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with cefsulodin (1.0 or 1.5 Gm) every six hours or an aminoglycoside (amikacin 5 mg/Kg or tobramycin 1 mg/Kg) every eight hours for seven days. The study was discontinued after treating 6 patients with aminoglycosides because of the poor results with these antibiotics. At five to nine days after completing treatment P. aeruginosa was eliminated from the urine of 12 to 15 patients (80%) treated with cefsulodin and 3 of 6 patients (50%) treated with an aminoglycoside. When examined at four to six weeks 5 of 15 (33%) of the cefsulodin group had persistent infection or relapse, while 5 of 6 (83%) infections treated with an aminoglycoside either persisted or relapsed. Cefsulodin was discontinued in 1 patient, known to be allergic to penicillin, because of hypersensitivity resulting in periorbital edema and rash. No other serious side effects were noted with cefsulodin or the aminoglycosides. These results indicate that cefsulodin is an effective antibiotic in the treatment of urinary tract infection with P. aeruginosa in patients with neurogenic bladder resulting from spinal cord injury and confirmed previous observations of a poor response of Pseudomonas urinary tract infection to aminoglycosides in this group of patients.
Topics: Adult; Amikacin; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefsulodin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas Infections; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors; Tobramycin; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 3787915
DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(86)90087-7