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Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin Mar 1990
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The Journal of Reproductive Medicine Jan 1990Danocrine (danazol) is a synthetic steroid with multiple and diverse biologic effects. It exerts these effects by binding to steroid transport proteins in the... (Review)
Review
Danocrine (danazol) is a synthetic steroid with multiple and diverse biologic effects. It exerts these effects by binding to steroid transport proteins in the circulation and to specific receptors in target tissues. Centrally, danazol inhibits gonadotropins, suppressing gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. Gonadal and adrenal steroidogenesis are suppressed further through danazol's direct effect on specific enzyme systems. Danazol also displays immunoregulatory effects both in vivo and in vitro. In endometriosis, danazol induces amenorrhea and a hypoestrogenic state, resulting in endometrial atrophy. The drug's direct binding to androgen and progesterone receptors in endometriotic tissue may contribute further to the suppression of endometriosis. In women with endometriosis who produce autoantibodies against endometrial cells and endometrial cell-derived phospholipids, histones and nucleotides, danazol may improve reproductive performance through the suppression of abnormal autoantibody levels. In several other autoimmune and genetic disorders danazol brings about a clinical improvement by lowering abnormal autoantibody production or by increasing the concentration of genetically deficient protein. In order to explore the full clinical potential of the drug and to better understand danazol's mechanism of action and especially its immunoregulatory effects in autoimmune diseases and endometriosis, further investigation is necessary.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Danazol; Endometriosis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Pregnadienes
PubMed: 2404115
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and... Aug 1997Currently available therapeutic protocols for immune-mediated diseases in dogs and cats can be associated with poor response rates and a high incidence of side effects.... (Review)
Review
Currently available therapeutic protocols for immune-mediated diseases in dogs and cats can be associated with poor response rates and a high incidence of side effects. The development of multidrug protocols often results in a synergistic effect that more efficiently suppresses the immune response. One drug that may be added to other therapies is danazol, an androgen with immunomodulating properties. Androgens are known to suppress aberrant immune responses, and the fact that immune-mediated diseases are more common in females supports this. Danazol has been used in humans with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia with some success. Danazol appears to reduce the binding of immuno-globulin and complement to the red blood cell or platelet surface and also may alter cytokine concentrations. The use of danazol in dogs with immunemediated hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia has been reported; however, the small number of animals evaluated make it difficult to assess its usefulness in veterinary medicine.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Animals; Danazol; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Estrogen Antagonists; Female; Immune System Diseases; Male; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 9283241
DOI: 10.1016/s1096-2867(97)80029-1 -
Drugs May 1980While employing danazol in the management of women with endometriosis, a voluntary comment patients frequently offerd was that breast pain, nodularity and premenstrual... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Review
While employing danazol in the management of women with endometriosis, a voluntary comment patients frequently offerd was that breast pain, nodularity and premenstrual engorgement were alleviated. Because of this unexpected finding, our attention was directed to the treatment of women with mammary dysplasia, particularly fibrocystic disease of the breast. Since the incidence of mammary cancer increases rapidly with age, we obtained xerommamograms in all suspected cases to exclude such a possibility. Danazol was employed in dosages varying from 100 to 400mg per day for 3 to 6 months, depending on the severity of the disorder. More than 75% of patients experienced marked improvement or elimination of the nodularity and engorgement, and many women were spared unnecessary surgery. When surgical interference was deemed necessary in cases of multiple nodosities, danazol treatment helped to identify for biopsy a dominant nodule that did not respond to therapy. Danazol has much to offer in the treatment of benign breast disease, and represents an important advance over 'traditional' hormonal regimens proposed in the past.
Topics: Breast Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Danazol; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Hormones; Humans; Pregnadienes
PubMed: 6993181
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-198019050-00004 -
Drugs May 1980
Review
Topics: Animals; Danazol; Gonads; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Kinetics; Pregnadienes; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 6993179
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-198019050-00001 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Feb 1990The pharmacologic profiles of danazol and nafarelin differ considerably from each other. Danazol interacts with multiple classes of proteins, whereas the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The pharmacologic profiles of danazol and nafarelin differ considerably from each other. Danazol interacts with multiple classes of proteins, whereas the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist nafarelin interacts only with the pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Differences in the molecular, endocrine, and clinical pharmacologic properties of these agents may provide clues to their varying effects in the management of women with endometriosis.
Topics: Animals; Danazol; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Nafarelin; Ovary; Pregnadienes; Receptors, Steroid; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Steroids
PubMed: 2137975
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90436-b -
Fertility and Sterility Mar 1979
Review
Topics: Angioedema; Breast Diseases; Contraceptives, Oral; Danazol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endometriosis; Female; Gonads; Humans; Male; Molecular Conformation; Pregnadienes; Puberty, Precocious; Uterine Neoplasms
PubMed: 374128
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)43869-0 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 1984
Topics: Adult; Danazol; Female; Humans; Menstruation; Migraine Disorders; Pregnadienes
PubMed: 6700650
DOI: 10.1056/nejm198403153101114 -
European Journal of Haematology Jan 2019
Topics: Danazol; Humans; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; Retreatment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30325539
DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13184 -
Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia Feb 2018Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) represents the only option with a potential cure rate of 30% to 50% in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); however, < 5% of...
BACKGROUND
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) represents the only option with a potential cure rate of 30% to 50% in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); however, < 5% of patients are optimal candidates for this management. Therapeutic options are limited in patients unsuitable for ASCT. Evidence that androgens might be beneficial in MDS is controversial. We aimed to document the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with MDS treated with danazol as first-line therapy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed in our center with MDS according to the World Health Organization 2008 criteria and treated with danazol between 2005 and 2015. Response was defined according to international working group criteria.
RESULTS
We included 42 patients treated exclusively with danazol. Median dose was 400 mg/d (range, 100-600 mg/d). Median follow-up was 12 (range, 3-76) months. Twenty-four of these patients (60%) achieved clinical response. Median overall survival was 24 months (95% confidence interval, 5.1-42). Responders were older than nonresponders (P = .025) and had higher baseline hemoglobin concentration (P = .009). No patients discontinued danazol because of toxicity. Fifteen patients died (35.7%) and 5 progressed to acute myeloid leukemia.
CONCLUSION
Danazol as first-line therapy is an acceptable treatment option with low side effects for patients with MDS who cannot receive ASCT.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Danazol; Estrogen Antagonists; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Weight Gain
PubMed: 29268959
DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.11.007