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Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making
PubMed: 36194616
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2022-02754.eng -
Trends in Ecology & Evolution Feb 2024Animals in nature are constantly managing multiple demands, and decisions about how to adjust behavior in response to ecologically relevant demands is critical for... (Review)
Review
Animals in nature are constantly managing multiple demands, and decisions about how to adjust behavior in response to ecologically relevant demands is critical for fitness. Evidence for behavioral correlations across functional contexts (behavioral syndromes) and growing appreciation for shared proximate substrates of behavior prompts novel questions about the existence of distinct neural, molecular, and genetic mechanisms involved in decision-making. Those proximate mechanisms are likely to be an important target of selection, but little is known about how they evolve, their evolutionary history, or where they harbor genetic variation. Herein I provide a conceptual framework for understanding the evolution of mechanisms for decision-making, highlighting insights on decision-making in humans and model organisms, and sketch an emerging synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Decision Making
PubMed: 37783626
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.09.007 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews May 2022
Topics: Cognition; Decision Making; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Motivation
PubMed: 35248675
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104600 -
Journal of Neuroscience Research Jan 2017The ability to weigh the costs and benefits of various options to make an adaptive decision is critical to an organism's survival and wellbeing. Many psychiatric... (Review)
Review
The ability to weigh the costs and benefits of various options to make an adaptive decision is critical to an organism's survival and wellbeing. Many psychiatric diseases are characterized by maladaptive decision making, indicating a need for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this process and the ways in which it is altered under pathological conditions. Great strides have been made in uncovering these mechanisms, but the majority of what is known comes from studies conducted solely in male subjects. In recent years, decision-making research has begun to include female subjects to determine whether sex differences exist and to identify the mechanisms that contribute to such differences. This Mini-Review begins by describing studies that have examined sex differences in animal (largely rodent) models of decision making. Possible explanations, both theoretical and biological, for such differences in decision making are then considered. The Mini-Review concludes with a discussion of the implications of sex differences in decision making for understanding psychiatric conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Decision Making; Models, Animal; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 27870448
DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23810 -
Current Biology : CB Nov 2022All animals constantly need to weigh their options based on new experiences: something initially considered bad can become better in the light of something worse. A new...
All animals constantly need to weigh their options based on new experiences: something initially considered bad can become better in the light of something worse. A new study now shows how flies re-evaluate between better and worse.
Topics: Animals; Dopaminergic Neurons; Decision Making
PubMed: 36347234
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.043 -
The European Journal of Neuroscience Jul 2022Evidence suggests that psychological stress has effects on decision making, but the results are inconsistent, and the influence of cortisol and other modulating factors... (Review)
Review
Evidence suggests that psychological stress has effects on decision making, but the results are inconsistent, and the influence of cortisol and other modulating factors remains unclear. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, 18 studies carried out between 2015 and 2020 that examined the effects of psychological stress on decision making and measured cortisol levels were selected. Eight studies employed uncertainty-based economic tasks, five studies used decision-making tasks in hypothetical situations that can be encountered in real life or in a specific setting and five studies employed prosocial decision tasks. Seventeen studies assessed acute stress, and two assessed chronic stress; eight evaluated the influence of sex. Most of the studies that explored the association between stress and decision making using uncertainty-based economic tasks found statistically significant differences as a function of stress exposure and the cortisol response to stress, whereas most of the studies that employed non-economic decision-making tasks in hypothetical situations did not find statistically significant differences. When prosocial decision making was evaluated, more altruistic decisions were found after acute stress, and these decisions were positively associated with cortisol. Half of the studies that assessed the role of sex observed a greater impact on decision making after stress in women. Results suggest that it is important to consider modulating factors-the type of decision-making task, the cortisol response to stress, the characteristics of the psychological stressor or the subject's sex-when trying to understand psychosocial stress phenomena.
Topics: Decision Making; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Stress, Psychological; Uncertainty
PubMed: 35589606
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15721 -
Journal of Neuroscience Research Jun 2020Goal-directed and habitual decision-making are fundamental processes that support the ongoing adaptive behavior. There is a growing interest in examining their... (Review)
Review
Goal-directed and habitual decision-making are fundamental processes that support the ongoing adaptive behavior. There is a growing interest in examining their disruption in psychiatric disease, often with a focus on a disease shifting control from one process to the other, usually a shift from goal-directed to habitual control. However, several different experimental procedures can be used to probe whether decision-making is under goal-directed or habitual control, including outcome devaluation and contingency degradation. These different experimental procedures may recruit diverse behavioral and neural processes. Thus, there are potentially many opportunities for these disease phenotypes to manifest as alterations to both goal-directed and habitual controls. In this review, we highlight the examples of behavioral and neural circuit divergence and similarity, and suggest that interpretation based on behavioral processes recruited during testing may leave more room for goal-directed and habitual decision-making to coexist. Furthermore, this may improve our understanding of precisely what the involved neural mechanisms underlying aspects of goal-directed and habitual behavior are, as well as how disease affects behavior and these circuits.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Decision Making; Goals; Habits
PubMed: 31642551
DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24545 -
Trends in Neurosciences Oct 2020Animals and humans evolved sophisticated nervous systems that endowed them with the ability to form internal-models or beliefs and make predictions about the future to... (Review)
Review
Animals and humans evolved sophisticated nervous systems that endowed them with the ability to form internal-models or beliefs and make predictions about the future to survive and flourish in a world in which future outcomes are often uncertain. Crucial to this capacity is the ability to adjust behavioral and learning policies in response to the level of uncertainty. Until recently, the neuronal mechanisms that could underlie such uncertainty-guided control have been largely unknown. In this review, I discuss newly discovered neuronal circuits in primates that represent uncertainty about future rewards and propose how they guide information-seeking, attention, decision-making, and learning to help us survive in an uncertain world. Lastly, I discuss the possible relevance of these findings to learning in artificial systems.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Learning; Reward; Uncertainty
PubMed: 32736849
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.009 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Jun 2023This review aimed to synthesize knowledge about multi-criteria decision analysis methods for supporting rehabilitation service design and delivery decisions, including:... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This review aimed to synthesize knowledge about multi-criteria decision analysis methods for supporting rehabilitation service design and delivery decisions, including: (1) describing the use of these methods within rehabilitation, (2) identifying decision types that can be supported by these methods, (3) describing client and family involvement, and (4) identifying implementation considerations.
METHODS
We conducted a rapid review in collaboration with a knowledge partner, searching four databases for peer-reviewed articles reporting primary research. We extracted relevant data from included studies and synthesized it descriptively and with conventional content analysis.
RESULTS
We identified 717 records, of which 54 met inclusion criteria. Multi-criteria decision analysis methods were primarily used to understand the strength of clients' and clinicians' preferences ( = 44), and five focused on supporting decision making. Shared decision making with stakeholders was evident in only two studies. Clients and families were mostly engaged in data collection and sometimes in selecting the relevant criteria. Good practices for supporting external validity were inconsistently reported. Implementation considerations included managing cognitive complexity and offering authentic choices.
CONCLUSIONS
Multi-criteria decision analysis methods are promising for better understanding client and family preferences and priorities across rehabilitation professions, contexts, and caseloads. Further work is required to use these methods in shared decision making, for which increased use of qualitative methods and stakeholder engagement is recommended. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONMulti-criteria decision analysis methods are promising for evidence-based, shared decision making for rehabilitation.However, most studies to date have focused on estimating stakeholder preferences, not supporting shared decision making.Cognitive complexity and modelling authentic and realistic decision choices are major barriers to implementation.Stakeholder-engagement and qualitative methods are recommended to address these barriers.
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Support Techniques; Decision Making
PubMed: 35649688
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2080285 -
The Journal of Family Practice Jan 2023Despite the many benefits of shared decision-making, uptake of its practices is low. These tools and frameworks can help you to engage patients in their care decisions.
Despite the many benefits of shared decision-making, uptake of its practices is low. These tools and frameworks can help you to engage patients in their care decisions.
Topics: Humans; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Patient Participation
PubMed: 36749978
DOI: 10.12788/jfp.0536