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Journal of Adolescence Sep 1989This article reviews evidence relating to the development of competence in decision-making during adolescence. The review focuses on cognitive aspects of decision-making... (Review)
Review
This article reviews evidence relating to the development of competence in decision-making during adolescence. The review focuses on cognitive aspects of decision-making and discusses nine indicators of competence: choice; comprehension; creativity; compromise; consequentiality; correctness; credibility; consistency; and commitment. The evidence suggests that by the age of 15 years many adolescents show a reliable level of competence in metacognitive understanding of decision-making, creative problem-solving, correctness of choice, and commitment to a course of action. Young adolescents (12-14 years) are less able to create options, identify a wide range of risks and benefits, foresee the consequences of alternatives, and gauge the credibility of information from sources with vested interests. No evidence is available relating to age differences in willingness to make choices, devise compromises, and show consistency of choices. Barriers to achieving competence in decision-making during adolescence include attitudinal constraints (e.g. beliefs about the proper age for making decisions), peer group pressures to conformity, breakdowns in family structure and functioning, and restricted legal rights to make important personal decisions (e.g. to donate blood or body tissue).
Topics: Adolescent; Choice Behavior; Concept Formation; Decision Making; Humans; Personality Development; Problem Solving
PubMed: 2687339
DOI: 10.1016/0140-1971(89)90077-8 -
BMC Geriatrics Nov 2022As care homes play an important role in the lives of an increasing number of older people, it is pivotal to understand how residents' and their families engage in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
As care homes play an important role in the lives of an increasing number of older people, it is pivotal to understand how residents' and their families engage in decision-making about their care and support. Internationally, there is an increasing emphasis in long-term care settings on the right of residents to be actively involved in all aspects of decision-making about their care and support. However, the steps necessary to achieving a culture of shared decision-making in long-term care settings remain unclear. The aim of this literature review is to summarise what is known in the literature about the factors that influence care home residents' and families' engagement with decision-making about their care and support.
METHODS
An integrative literature reviews was carried out, guided by the methodological framework proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). CINAHL, Medline Ovid and ProQuest Health and Medical databases were searched for relevant articles from 2011 to 2021. A three-step method was used, including the use of reference and citation management software to manage search results and identify duplicate citations. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed by two reviewers. Details of the selected articles were then extracted using the Data Extraction Form.
RESULTS
In total, 913 articles were located and 22 studies were included in the final analysis. The thematic analysis identified three main themes that illustrate the complexities of shared decision-making in care homes: (a) a positive culture of collaborative and reciprocal relationships; (b) a willingness to engage and a willingness to become engaged; and (c) communicating with intent to share and support rather than inform and direct.
CONCLUSION
The implementation of shared decision-making in care homes is highly dependent on the support and nurturing of collaborative and reciprocal relationships between residents, families, and staff. Part of this process includes ascertaining the willingness of residents and families to become engaged in shared decision-making. Communication skills training for staff and guided approaches that view decision-making as a supportive process rather than a once off event are essential prerequisites for implementation.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Decision Making; Long-Term Care; Decision Making, Shared
PubMed: 36396991
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03503-8 -
Medical Decision Making : An... Aug 2022
Topics: Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans
PubMed: 35819270
DOI: 10.1177/0272989X221109830 -
Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics &... 2023
Topics: Humans; Uncertainty; Decision Making
PubMed: 37539711
DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2245138 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2019When making decisions, people tend to shift their attention back and forth between stimuli, choosing options that they look at more overall and immediately before their... (Review)
Review
When making decisions, people tend to shift their attention back and forth between stimuli, choosing options that they look at more overall and immediately before their responses. These relationships, and others, are well-described by sequential sampling models that assume that evidence for a given alternative is collected over time in proportion to its subjective value, amplified by attention. Furthermore, findings from a number of studies support a causal effect of attention on choice. This research is mostly focused on two-alternative forced choice, though some work has confirmed these relationships in multi-attribute and multi-alternative choice. Finally, we discuss recent interest in understanding what drives attention during the choice process, with findings suggesting that attention is drawn to noisier and more salient stimuli in two-alternative choice, as well as higher-value options in multi-alternative choice.
Topics: Attention; Causality; Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Humans
PubMed: 30368108
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.10.008 -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... Jul 2020What kind of dynamic decision process do humans use to make decisions? In this article, two different types of processes are reviewed and compared: Markov and quantum.... (Review)
Review
What kind of dynamic decision process do humans use to make decisions? In this article, two different types of processes are reviewed and compared: Markov and quantum. Markov processes are based on the idea that at any given point in time a decision maker has a definite and specific level of support for available choice alternatives, and the dynamic decision process is represented by a single trajectory that traces out a path across time. When a response is requested, a person's decision or judgment is generated from the current location along the trajectory. By contrast, quantum processes are founded on the idea that a person's state can be represented by a superposition over different degrees of support for available choice options, and that the dynamics of this state form a wave moving across levels of support over time. When a response is requested, a decision or judgment is constructed out of the superposition by "actualizing" a specific degree or range of degrees of support to create a definite state. The purpose of this article is to introduce these two contrasting theories, review empirical studies comparing the two theories, and identify conditions that determine when each theory is more accurate and useful than the other. This article is categorized under: Economics > Individual Decision-Making Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making Psychology > Theory and Methods.
Topics: Choice Behavior; Cognition; Decision Making; Humans; Judgment; Models, Psychological
PubMed: 32107890
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1526 -
Journal of Neuroscience Research Jun 2015For a number of decades, different fields of knowledge, including psychology, economics, and neurosciences, have focused their research efforts on a better understanding... (Review)
Review
For a number of decades, different fields of knowledge, including psychology, economics, and neurosciences, have focused their research efforts on a better understanding of the decision-making process. Making decisions based on the probability of future events is routine in everyday life; it occurs whenever individuals select an option from several alternatives, each one associated with a specific value. Sometimes subjects decide knowing the precise outcomes of each option, but commonly they have to decide without knowing the consequences (because either ambiguity or risk is involved). Stress has a broad impact on animal behaviors, affects brain regions involved in decision-making processes, and, when maladaptive, is a trigger for neuropsychiatric disorders. This Mini-Review provides a comprehensive overview on how stress impacts decision-making processes, particularly under uncertain conditions. Understanding this can prove to be useful for intervention related to impairments to decision-making processes that present in several stress-triggered neuropsychiatric disorders.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Decision Making; Humans; Stress, Psychological; Uncertainty
PubMed: 25483118
DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23521 -
The British Journal of Surgery Oct 2022
Topics: Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans; Patient Participation
PubMed: 36065508
DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac291 -
BMJ Military Health Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 35292506
DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2022-002096 -
BMJ Evidence-based Medicine Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making
PubMed: 36522137
DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2022-112184