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Health Promotion International Apr 2021Information is lacking on the role shared decision making plays in the care of transgender (trans) youth. This qualitative, descriptive study explored how trans youth,...
Information is lacking on the role shared decision making plays in the care of transgender (trans) youth. This qualitative, descriptive study explored how trans youth, parents and health care providers engaged or did not engage in shared decision-making practices around hormone therapy initiation and what conditions supported shared decision-making approaches in clinical practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 47 participants in British Columbia, Canada, and analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. While formal shared decision-making models were not used in practice, many participants described elements of such approaches when asked about their health care decision-making processes. Others described health care interactions that were not conducive to a shared decision-making approach. The key finding that emerged through this analysis was a set of five conditions for supporting shared decision making when making decisions surrounding initiation of hormone therapy with trans youth. Both supportive relationships and open communication were necessary among participants to support shared decision making. All parties needed to agree regarding what decisions were to be made and what role each person would play in the process. Finally, adequate time was needed for decision-making processes to unfold. When stakeholders meet these five conditions, a gender-affirming and culturally safer shared decision-making approach may be used to support decision making about gender-affirming care. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Canada; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans; Qualitative Research; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 32596730
DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa043 -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Dec 2012A sizable body of evidence has shown that the brain computes several types of value-related signals to guide decision making, such as stimulus values, outcome values,... (Review)
Review
A sizable body of evidence has shown that the brain computes several types of value-related signals to guide decision making, such as stimulus values, outcome values, and prediction errors. A critical question for understanding decision-making mechanisms is whether these value signals are computed using an absolute or a normalized code. Under an absolute code, the neural response used to represent the value of a given stimulus does not depend on what other values might have been encountered. By contrast, under a normalized code, the neural response associated with a given value depends on its relative position in the distribution of values. This review provides a simple framework for thinking about value normalization, and uses it to evaluate the existing experimental evidence.
Topics: Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Humans; Models, Psychological; Psychological Theory; Psychometrics; Sensation
PubMed: 22939568
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.07.011 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Jun 2021In January 2020, the Dutch law on the medical treatment agreement was updated. In this update, shared decision-making is explicitly mentioned as a prerequisite during...
In January 2020, the Dutch law on the medical treatment agreement was updated. In this update, shared decision-making is explicitly mentioned as a prerequisite during doctor-patient encounters. This entails explicit exploration of the patient's wishes, views and preferences and their integration in medical decision-making. There is growing interest in shared decision-making from patient advocacy and professional societies, the government, and healthcare insurers. However, both care professionals and patients are not yet used to applying this in their encounters. Creating awareness, training and organisational changes are essential aspects to foster shared decision-making. Various (umbrella) organisations in healthcare have developed (digital) tools for both care professionals and patients to support shared decision-making. This article addresses these tools to nudge all stakeholders towards shared decision-making.
Topics: Clinical Decision-Making; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans; Patient Participation
PubMed: 34346637
DOI: No ID Found -
Topics in Cognitive Science Jul 2010
Topics: Decision Making; Humans; Models, Psychological; Morals
PubMed: 25163870
DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01101.x -
The American Journal of Bioethics : AJOB Jul 2022
Topics: Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Decision Making; Humans; Morals
PubMed: 35737497
DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2022.2075052 -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Dec 2012We evaluate the merits of different conceptualizations of frontal cortex function in value-guided decision-making. According to one view each frontal cortical region is... (Review)
Review
We evaluate the merits of different conceptualizations of frontal cortex function in value-guided decision-making. According to one view each frontal cortical region is concerned with a different aspect of the process of learning about and evaluating choices and then selecting actions. An alternative view, however, sees sets of decision-making circuits working in parallel within the frontal lobes in order to make different types of decisions. While there is a neural circuit for making choices between pairs of simultaneously presented items in the manner that is frequently assessed in the laboratory, there is also evidence that other frontal lobe circuits have evolved to make other types of choices such as those made during the course of foraging.
Topics: Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Models, Psychological; Reward
PubMed: 22572389
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.04.011 -
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of... Jan 2023Self-control can be defined as making choices in accordance with long-term, rather than short-term, patterns of behavior. Rachlin (2016) suggested a novel technique to...
Self-control can be defined as making choices in accordance with long-term, rather than short-term, patterns of behavior. Rachlin (2016) suggested a novel technique to enhance self-control, by which individual choices carry the weight of a larger pattern of choices. This report describes a study of 169 college students who made repeated choices between two gambles. The better of the two gambles had a greater win probability but required waiting an uncertain amount of time. Some "patterned" subjects were forced to repeat their previous choices according to a schedule, while control subjects could choose freely on every trial. It was found that on free-choice trials, the patterned subjects chose the better gamble more often than controls. There was stronger evidence for such an effect appearing immediately than for it developing gradually from a process of learning over the course of the task. An additional condition in which subjects were forced to choose the better gamble yielded inconsistent results. Overall, the results support the use of pattern-setting as a strategy to improve decision-making.
Topics: Humans; Decision Making; Choice Behavior; Gambling; Uncertainty; Probability; Risk-Taking
PubMed: 36519972
DOI: 10.1002/jeab.816 -
American Family Physician Aug 2022
Topics: Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans
PubMed: 35977119
DOI: No ID Found -
Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral... Jun 2023Decisions made under uncertainty often are considered according to their perceived subjective value. We move beyond this traditional framework to explore the hypothesis...
Decisions made under uncertainty often are considered according to their perceived subjective value. We move beyond this traditional framework to explore the hypothesis that conceptual representations of uncertainty influence risky choice. Results reveal that uncertainty concepts are represented along a dimension that jointly captures probabilistic and valenced features of the conceptual space. These uncertainty representations predict the degree to which an individual engages in risky decision-making. Moreover, we find that most individuals have two largely distinct representations: one for uncertainty and another for certainty. In contrast, a minority of individuals exhibit substantial overlap between their representations of uncertainty and certainty. Together, these findings reveal the relationship between the conceptualization of uncertainty and risky decisions.
Topics: Humans; Uncertainty; Decision Making
PubMed: 37029276
DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01090-8 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2022Discriminating between similar figures proves to be a remarkably demanding task due to the limited capacity of our visual cognitive processes. Here we examine how...
Discriminating between similar figures proves to be a remarkably demanding task due to the limited capacity of our visual cognitive processes. Here we examine how perceptual inference and decision-making are modulated by differences arising from neurodiversity. A large sample of autistic (n = 140) and typical (n = 147) participants completed two forced choice similarity judgement tasks online. Each task consisted of "match" (identical figures) and "mismatch" (subtle differences between figures) conditions. Signal detection theory analyses indicated a response bias by the autism group during conditions of uncertainty. More specifically, autistic participants were more likely to choose the "mismatch" option, thus leading to more hits on the "mismatch" condition, but also more false alarms on the "match" condition. These results suggest differences in response strategies during perceptual decision-making in autism.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Cognition; Decision Making; Humans; Judgment; Uncertainty
PubMed: 36104435
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19640-4