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Pediatric Surgery International Dec 2023To investigate the correlation between postoperative feeding intolerance and defecation, with a view to carrying out prognostic assessment and timely intervention for...
PURPOSE
To investigate the correlation between postoperative feeding intolerance and defecation, with a view to carrying out prognostic assessment and timely intervention for the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function.
METHODS
The 114 neonates with congenital intestinal atresia who underwent primary anastomosis admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2022 were studied, and the patients' basic information, intraoperative conditions, postoperative feeding and defecation, and hospitalization time were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
The risk factors for feeding intolerance after primary anastomosis for intestinal atresia are the gestational days, the time of the first postoperative defecations, the number of defecations on the previous day and the average number of defecations before feeding.
CONCLUSION
The incidence of postoperative feeding intolerance is higher in preterm infants, and pediatricians can decide the timing of breastfeeding on the basis of the patients' defecation. The focus on accurate defecation may be more meaningful in determining and predicting postoperative feeding intolerance in the infants.
Topics: Infant; Child; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Infant, Premature; Defecation; Intestinal Atresia; Retrospective Studies; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Anastomosis, Surgical
PubMed: 38133659
DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05603-x -
The American Journal of Tropical... Apr 2019Latrine access alone may be insufficient to encourage households to dispose of young children's feces safely in a latrine, and little is known about the determinants of...
Child Defecation and Feces Disposal Practices and Determinants among Households after a Combined Household-Level Piped Water and Sanitation Intervention in Rural Odisha, India.
Latrine access alone may be insufficient to encourage households to dispose of young children's feces safely in a latrine, and little is known about the determinants of improved child feces disposal. We used longitudinal data collected at up to three timepoints for children less than 5 years of age from households in Odisha, India, which received a combined household-level piped water supply and sanitation intervention, but did not specifically promote the safe disposal of child feces. Among the 85% of intervention households who reported access to improved sanitation, we characterized child defecation and feces disposal practices by age, across time, and season, and assessed determinants of improved disposal. Feces from children less than 3 years of age was commonly picked up by caregivers but disposed of unsafely with garbage into open areas (56.3% of households) or in a drain/ditch (6.2%). Although children 3 and 4 years were more likely to use a latrine than younger children, their feces was also more likely to be left in the open if they did not defecate in a latrine. For children less than 5 years of age, most (84.7%) children's feces that was safely disposed of in a latrine was because of the children defecating in the latrine directly. Significant predictors for disposing of child feces in an improved latrine were the primary female caregiver reporting using a latrine to defecate, the child's age, and water observed at place for handwashing. These findings suggest that child feces interventions should focus on encouraging children to begin using a toilet at a younger age and changing the common behavior of disposing of young child's feces into open areas.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Caregivers; Child, Preschool; Defecation; Family; Feces; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Sanitation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Toilet Facilities; Water Supply; Young Adult
PubMed: 30793682
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0840 -
Techniques in Coloproctology Dec 2012We conducted an observational study to assess the hypothesis that the pelvic muscles actively open the anorectal lumen during defecation.
BACKGROUND
We conducted an observational study to assess the hypothesis that the pelvic muscles actively open the anorectal lumen during defecation.
METHODS
Three groups of female patients were evaluated with video imaging studies of defecation using a grid or bony reference points. Eight patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence had video myogram defecography; eight with obstructive defecation had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) defecating proctograms; and four normal patients had video X-ray or MRI defecating proctogram studies.
RESULTS
In all three groups, the anorectum was stretched bidirectionally by three directional muscle force vectors acting on the walls of the rectum, effectively doubling the diameter of the rectum during defecation. The anterior rectal wall was pulled forwards, and the posterior wall backwards and downwards opening the anorectal angle, associated with angulation of the anterior tip of the levator plate (LP). These observations are consistent with a staged relaxation of some parts of the pelvic floor during defecation, and contraction of others. First, the puborectalis muscle relaxes. Puborectalis muscle relaxation frees the posterior rectal wall so that it can be stretched and opened by contraction of the LP and conjoint longitudinal muscle of the anus. Second, contraction of the pubococcygeus muscle pulls forward the anterior rectal wall, further increasing the diameter of the rectum. Third, when the bolus has entered the rectum, the external anal sphincter relaxes, and the rectum contracts to expel the fecal bolus.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that pelvic striated muscle actively opens the rectal lumen, thereby reducing internal anorectal resistance to expulsion of feces. Controlled studies of electromyographic activity would be useful to further test this hypothesis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anal Canal; Constipation; Defecation; Defecography; Fecal Incontinence; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Muscle, Striated; Myography; Pelvic Floor; Rectum
PubMed: 22890913
DOI: 10.1007/s10151-012-0861-2 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jan 2022Cows typically defecate while standing. Freestalls are designed to position standing cows such that their feces fall into the alley. Cows sometimes defecate while lying...
Cows typically defecate while standing. Freestalls are designed to position standing cows such that their feces fall into the alley. Cows sometimes defecate while lying down, increasing the risk that feces contaminate the stall surface. We conducted 2 studies investigating cow-level and environmental factors associated with defecating while recumbent. In experiment 1, we hypothesized that conditions making it more difficult for cows to stand up (including greater age, high body weight, pregnancy, and lameness) would increase the risk of this behavior. We followed 92 cows for 12 d, scanning stalls 5 times/d using live observation. Almost half (48%) of all cows defecated while recumbent at least once; cows that spent more time lying down and that were earlier in gestation were at highest risk. Weight, parity, age, and lameness were not associated with this behavior. In experiment 2, we tested how overstocking influenced the occurrence of defecating while recumbent. We predicted overstocking would increase the occurrence of this behavior, especially when cows were in stalls at more preferred locations. We recorded stall occupancy, displacement attempts, and defecating while recumbent in 4 groups of 36 cows tested at both 100% and 150% lying stall stocking densities for 2 nights each using a crossover design. Overstocking resulted in higher stall use and more displacements, but less lying and fewer perching events. We did not detect any relationship between use of specific stalls or competition and defecating while recumbent. Most recorded displacements were associated with perching. Increased time perching increased the likelihood of defecating while recumbent, perhaps because perching cows were less dominant or more reluctant to stand up once lying down in the stall. Overstocking did not increase defecating while recumbent, likely because cows spent less time lying down. Together, these results indicate that defecating while recumbent can be common, and points to some of the cow-level factors associated with this behavior.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Defecation; Female; Housing, Animal; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34635361
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20012 -
Spinal Cord Feb 2008For this study, a descriptive, explorative design was used.
STUDY DESIGN
For this study, a descriptive, explorative design was used.
OBJECTIVES
As a result of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients may have a partial or complete loss of the sensations of defecation. To compensate this impairment, nurses initiate bowel management programs. Therefore, they need information about sensations of defecation. Accordingly, the research questions explore which sensations of defecation are reported by patients with SCI and whether they can be used to improve bowel care.
SETTING
The Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke and the Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Kliniken Bergmannsheil in Bochum, Germany.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 27 patients with SCI was interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. For data analysis, the frequency of the reported sensations was counted.
RESULTS
The results of the study show that the participants' defecation was indicated by abdominal sensations (n=20) or a prickling sensation (n=11) emerging mainly in the head. Additional signals comprised increased spasticity (n=10), cutis anserina (n=8) and sweating (n=6). Seventeen participants sensed actual defecation and 15 perceived its cessation. Six participants were able to initiate defecating according to their sensations.
CONCLUSIONS
The assessment of sensations of defecation in patients with SCI may indicate whether a bowel-management program with a consistent schedule for defecation is needed or if physiological defecation can be trained.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Defecation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sensation; Sensation Disorders; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 17438568
DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3102067 -
Orvosi Hetilap Apr 1990A method is presented for the identification and analysis of constipation due to difficult evacuation of rectal content. This condition--which has not been elucidated by... (Review)
Review
A method is presented for the identification and analysis of constipation due to difficult evacuation of rectal content. This condition--which has not been elucidated by former techniques--was identified in 5 out of the 19 constipated patients by this new method. Disturbed defecation was characterized by prolonged evacuation of the simulated stool and the greater work performed during this process. The cause of this phenomenon was the paradox movement of the pelvic floor, i.e. contraction instead of relaxation. The results' highlight: the excessive straining can induce a neuromuscular damage to the pelvic floor. The clinical importance of this method lies in the clarification of the principle, that the therapy of this condition must be initiated as early as possible.
Topics: Constipation; Defecation; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Pelvis; Peristalsis; Reference Values; Time Factors
PubMed: 2183147
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Communications May 2022C. elegans neurons were thought to be non-spiking until our recent discovery of action potentials in the sensory neuron AWA; however, the extent to which the C. elegans...
C. elegans neurons were thought to be non-spiking until our recent discovery of action potentials in the sensory neuron AWA; however, the extent to which the C. elegans nervous system relies on analog or digital coding is unclear. Here we show that the enteric motor neurons AVL and DVB fire synchronous all-or-none calcium-mediated action potentials following the intestinal pacemaker during the rhythmic C. elegans defecation behavior. AVL fires unusual compound action potentials with each depolarizing calcium spike mediated by UNC-2 followed by a hyperpolarizing potassium spike mediated by a repolarization-activated potassium channel EXP-2. Simultaneous behavior tracking and imaging in free-moving animals suggest that action potentials initiated in AVL propagate along its axon to activate precisely timed DVB action potentials through the INX-1 gap junction. This work identifies a novel circuit of spiking neurons in C. elegans that uses digital coding for long-distance communication and temporal synchronization underlying reliable behavioral rhythm.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Defecation; Motor Neurons
PubMed: 35589790
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30452-y -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Jul 2023The use of a footstool has been advocated to optimize posture when sitting on the toilet and thus facilitate bowel evacuation. We aimed to assess the alterations in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
The use of a footstool has been advocated to optimize posture when sitting on the toilet and thus facilitate bowel evacuation. We aimed to assess the alterations in defecatory posture, and the changes in simulated defecation with use of a footstool in patients with constipation.
METHODS
Forty-one patients (female 93%, mean 52 year, SD 14 year) with constipation referred to a tertiary neurogastroenterology unit were enrolled. A bowel questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Rome questionnaire were administered prior to anorectal manometry. Each patient underwent three rectal balloon expulsion tests in randomized order with no footstool, a 7-inch, and a 9-inch footstool. Additional assessments included angle between spine and femur, and visual analogue scales assessing ease of evacuation, urge to defecate, and discomfort with expulsion.
KEY RESULTS
Defecatory posture was significantly altered by footstool use, with progressive narrowing of the angle between the spine and femur as footstool height increased (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Compared with no footstool, the use of a footstool was not associated with a change in balloon expulsion time and there was no difference between the two footstool heights. Subjectively, no significant change was identified in any of the three perceptions of balloon expulsion between no footstool and footstool use.
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES
Although the use of a footstool led to changes in defecatory posture, it did not improve subjective or objective measures of simulated defecation in patients with undifferentiated constipation. Therefore, the recommendation for its use during evacuation cannot be applied to all patients with constipation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Defecation; Manometry; Constipation; Rectum; Posture; Anal Canal
PubMed: 36989181
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14580 -
Age and Ageing Nov 1978Defaecation syncope is recorded in seven female and two male patients aged between 63 and 78 years seen over a period of nine years. The tendency for defaecation syncope...
Defaecation syncope is recorded in seven female and two male patients aged between 63 and 78 years seen over a period of nine years. The tendency for defaecation syncope to occur at night contrasts with the rarity of nocturnal defaecation in most old people. The close similarity with micturition syncope is noted.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Defecation; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Posture; Syncope; Time Factors
PubMed: 83099
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/7.4.233 -
Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie May 2015
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Defecation; Humans; Models, Biological; Population Dynamics; Predatory Behavior
PubMed: 25965990
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1399242