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Surgery Jun 2010The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracolonic capsaicin on colonic motility and defecation.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracolonic capsaicin on colonic motility and defecation.
METHODS
The effects of capsaicin (1, 2, 5, and 10 mg) administrated into the proximal colon on ileocolonic motility and defecation were studied in neurally intact dogs with or without various antagonists (atropine, hexamethonium, ondansetron, propranolol, and FK224), dogs with extrinsic denervation of an ileocolonic segment, and dogs with enterically isolated ileocolonic loops equipped with strain gauge force transducers.
RESULTS
Capsaicin at 5 and 10 mg evoked giant migrating contractions in a dose-independent manner, and it induced defecations with more than 90% probability in neurally intact dogs. These effects of capsaicin were abolished by atropine and hexamethonium. Ondansetron inhibited the capsaicin-induced increase in colonic motility but did not affect the induction of defecation. The other antagonists had no effect. In dogs with extrinsic denervation, capsaicin did not evoke giant migrating contractions in the colon but still induced defecation in 30-40% of experiments. In dogs with ileocolonic loops, capsaicin did not stimulate colonic motility nor induce defecation.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that intracolonic capsaicin causes giant migrating contractions and defecation. Intact extrinsic innervation, continuity of the colon, and intraluminal contents were considered necessary for this effect.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Capsaicin; Colon; Consciousness; Defecation; Denervation; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Motility; Hexamethonium; Ileum; Nicotinic Antagonists; Ondansetron; Serotonin Antagonists
PubMed: 20079916
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.11.019 -
Bulletin of Entomological Research Feb 2020Transmission of Trypanosma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) occurs when feces/urine of infected triatomines come into contact with mucous membranes or damaged...
Transmission of Trypanosma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) occurs when feces/urine of infected triatomines come into contact with mucous membranes or damaged skin, and this occurs mainly when insects defecate while feeding on the host. Thus, the vector competence of the triatomines is associated with their feeding and excretion/defecation behavior. This work studied for the first time the effect of T. cruzi infection on feeding and excretion/defecation patterns of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Uninfected and infected fifth-instar nymphs were fed ad libitum and their feeding behavior and defecations were registered during and after feeding. The feeding pattern did not show differences between the experimental groups. However, the infected nymphs began to defecate earlier, defecated in greater quantity and there was a greater proportion of defecating individuals compared to uninfected nymphs. These results show that T. cruzi affected the excretion/defecation pattern of T. infestans in a way that would increase the probability of contact between infective feces and the mammalian host.
Topics: Animals; Chagas Disease; Defecation; Feeding Behavior; Host-Parasite Interactions; Triatoma; Trypanosoma cruzi
PubMed: 31337451
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485319000464 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2016Defecating in the open predisposes people to soil transmitted helminthes and diarrhoeal diseases. An estimated 5.6 million Kenyans defecate in the open. Kenya launched a...
BACKGROUND
Defecating in the open predisposes people to soil transmitted helminthes and diarrhoeal diseases. An estimated 5.6 million Kenyans defecate in the open. Kenya launched a program to eradicate open defecation by 2013 in the rural areas. By end of 2013, only two sub-counties had eliminated open defecation. These are Nambale and Nyando. The study looked at the impact of eradicating open defecation on diarrhea prevalence among children in these two sub-counties.
METHODS
Data on diarrhoea morbidity among children under 5 years was extracted from the Kenya Health Information System for all the sub-counties in Busia and Kisumu counties for 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. Prevalence was calculated for each sub-county in Kisumu for comparison with Nyando's. Prevalence was also calculated for each sub-county in Busia County and compared to that of Nambale sub-county. A Mann-Whitney U Test was done to test the null hypothesis that diarrhoea prevalence was similar in both open defecation and open defecation free sub-counties.
RESULTS
A Mann-Whitney U Test revealed significant difference in diarrhoeal prevalence of open defecation sub-counties (Md = 18.4, n = 34) and open defecation free sub-counties (Md = 9.8, n = 5), U = 9, z = -3.2, p = .001. Among the two Counties, Nambale had the lowest prevalence. It recorded a decline from 9.8 to 5.7 % across the three years. Prevalence for diarrhoea cases in Nyando declined from 19.1 to 15.2 % across the three years. Nyando initially had the second highest prevalence in Kisumu County and by 2014 it had the lowest prevalence.
CONCLUSIONS
The two sub-counties with open defecation free status had lower prevalence of diarrhoea cases compared to sub-counties which were yet to attain open defecation free status. This suggests that elimination of open defecation may reduce the number of diarrhoea cases.
Topics: Animals; Child, Preschool; Defecation; Diarrhea; Ecology; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Government Programs; Helminths; Humans; Kenya; Male; Prevalence; Program Evaluation; Rural Population; Soil; Toilet Facilities
PubMed: 27488385
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3421-2 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Dec 2011Difficult intrapartum episodes and persistent straining during defecation cause injuries to uterine nerves and uterosacral ligaments. Injuries to uterine nerves... (Review)
Review
Difficult intrapartum episodes and persistent straining during defecation cause injuries to uterine nerves and uterosacral ligaments. Injuries to uterine nerves (denervation) result in loss of fundocervical polarity, uterotubal dysmotility and retrograde menstruation. Ectopic endometrium, delivered by retrograde menstruation, adheres to injuries to uterosacral ligaments and peritoneal surfaces. Difficult vaginal deliveries result in laparoscopic appearances of asymmetry of uterosacral ligaments with, or without, ectopic endometrium. Straining during defaecation causes the "classic" appearances of nulliparous endometriosis including hypertrophy of the uterosacral ligaments often with large volumes of ectopic endometrium. Laparoscopic appearances depend on the site, nature, extent, and timing of tissue injury, as well as the presence of available endometrium. Tissue repair, including reinnervation in the uterine isthmus, cervix, vagina and uterosacral ligaments, contributes to chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and subfertility some time after the primary injuries.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Chronic Disease; Defecation; Delivery, Obstetric; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Menstruation Disturbances; Pelvic Pain; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Uterus
PubMed: 21932088
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-2063-y -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences May 1993We wished to test the hypothesis that colonic loading with fecal material leads to delayed gastric emptying. Twelve healthy male volunteers were studied. Each of these... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
We wished to test the hypothesis that colonic loading with fecal material leads to delayed gastric emptying. Twelve healthy male volunteers were studied. Each of these subjects went through two randomized study periods of four days. In one of these, the subjects defecated upon urge, in the other period defecation was voluntarily suppressed. Gastric emptying of a semisolid meal (mashed potatoes) was measured with the noninvasive applied potential tomography technique. On day 3 no significant changes in gastric emptying were found, but on day 4 the emptying rate had decreased from 85.8 +/- 11.0%/hr (mean +/- SEM) to 70.3 +/- 10.9%/hr (P < 0.05) and the T50 had increased from 38.5 +/- 3.4 min to 46.2 +/- 4.0 min (P < 0.025). The duration of the lag phase (4.1 +/- 1.5 min) was not significantly altered by suppression of defecation. Our conclusion is that voluntary suppression of defecation delays gastric emptying in normal subjects. This "cologastric brake" may be involved in the pathogenesis of upper abdominal symptoms in constipated patients.
Topics: Adult; Constipation; Defecation; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Male
PubMed: 8482181
DOI: 10.1007/BF01295908 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Apr 2021
Comparative Study
Topics: Anal Canal; Chronic Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Defecation; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Posture; Sitting Position
PubMed: 33899365
DOI: No ID Found -
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Mar 2001Knowledge of anorectal anatomy is essential for understanding the normal function of the anorectum. Its physiology is more complex, however. The maintenance of... (Review)
Review
Knowledge of anorectal anatomy is essential for understanding the normal function of the anorectum. Its physiology is more complex, however. The maintenance of continence depends on several factors, and today clinicians have a better understanding of the usual sequence of events that leads to defecation. The extensive number of investigative techniques that have evolved have permitted better understanding of the disorders of the anal sphincters, rectum, and pelvic floor.
Topics: Defecation; Humans; Rectum
PubMed: 11394025
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70164-3 -
BJU International Nov 2002
Topics: Aged; Defecation; Ejaculation; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Orgasm; Seminal Vesicles
PubMed: 12410763
DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02921.x -
Journal of Insect Science (Online) Sep 2019Flowers may become inoculated with pathogens that can infect bees and other critical pollinators, but the mechanisms of inoculation remain unclear. During foraging, bees...
Flowers may become inoculated with pathogens that can infect bees and other critical pollinators, but the mechanisms of inoculation remain unclear. During foraging, bees may regurgitate or defecate directly onto flower parts, which could inoculate flowers with pollinator pathogens and lead to subsequent disease transmission to floral visitors. We tested if captive eastern bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) defecate on floral surfaces during foraging and if flower shape played a role in the probability of defecation and the quantity of feces deposited on floral surfaces. Captive Bombus impatiens were fed a solution of fluorescent dye and sucrose, then allowed to forage freely on flowers of a variety of shapes in a flight cage. Flowers were then examined under ultraviolet light for fluorescing fecal matter. We found that bumble bees did defecate on floral surfaces during foraging and that composite flowers with a large area of disk flowers were the most likely to have feces on them. Our results point to defecation by bumble bees during foraging as a potential mechanism for inoculation of flowers with pollinator pathogens and suggest that flower shape could play a significant role in inoculation.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Defecation; Eliminative Behavior, Animal; Flowers; Magnoliopsida; Pollination
PubMed: 31557288
DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez091 -
European Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2008To identify the normal defecation patterns and the factors affecting these patterns in the first two years of life, a questionnaire was given to the parents of 1,021... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
To identify the normal defecation patterns and the factors affecting these patterns in the first two years of life, a questionnaire was given to the parents of 1,021 children who were followed in a well-child clinic. The time of first meconium passage, presence of colic symptoms, frequency, color, and consistency of stools were recorded.Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon, chi-square, and correlation tests were used in the statistical analyses. The median number of defecations per day was six in the first month of life. This decreased to once in the second month and almost all cases remained so until the end of the 24th month. At the second month of age, 39.3% of infants passed stools less than once a day. This pattern of rare defecation was seen until the end of 6 months, when supplemental foods were started. Stool frequency was higher in exclusively breast-fed infants (p = 0.0001). Infants who had colic symptoms in the first 2 months had less frequent defecation during the first 2 years of life (p = 0.0001). In addition to confirming the previously observed defecation patterns of 0-2-year-old infants, this study provides the relationship between colic symptoms and stool frequency, and showed that the second month of life was unique in the sense that the frequency of stooling decreased to half of the previous month and 39.3% of these infants defecated less than once a day.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Chi-Square Distribution; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Constipation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Defecation; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Parents; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires; Toilet Training; Turkey
PubMed: 18264719
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-008-0669-2