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Annual Review of Food Science and... Mar 2022Food oral processing (FOP) is a fast-emerging research area in the food science discipline. Since its first introduction about a decade ago, a large amount of literature... (Review)
Review
Food oral processing (FOP) is a fast-emerging research area in the food science discipline. Since its first introduction about a decade ago, a large amount of literature has been published in this area, forming new frontiers and leading to new research opportunities. This review aims to summarize FOP research progress from current perspectives. Food texture, food flavor (aroma and taste), bolus swallowing, and eating behavior are covered in this review. The discussion of each topic is organized into three parts: a short background introduction, reflections on current research findings and achievements, and future directions and implications on food design. Physical, physiological, and psychological principles are the main concerns of discussion for each topic. The last part of the review shares views on the research challenges and outlooks of future FOP research. It is hoped that the review not only helps readers comprehend what has been achieved in the past decade but also, more importantly, identify where the knowledge gaps are and in which direction the FOP research will go.
Topics: Deglutition; Food; Food Handling; Odorants; Taste
PubMed: 35333588
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-103054 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Aug 2024This article explores the landscape of dysphagia assessment in adults. Dysphagia, a complex condition affecting the lifespan and many health conditions, significantly... (Review)
Review
This article explores the landscape of dysphagia assessment in adults. Dysphagia, a complex condition affecting the lifespan and many health conditions, significantly compromises individuals' quality of life. Dysphagia is often underdiagnosed, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessment methods to ensure timely and accurate intervention. It encompasses clinical history, physical examination, clinical and instrumental swallow evaluations. Procedures within each of these modalities are reviewed, highlighting strengths, limitations, and contribution toward a complete understanding of dysphagia, ultimately guiding effective intervention strategies for improved patient outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Adult; Physical Examination; Quality of Life; Deglutition
PubMed: 38632000
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2024.03.003 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2018
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Deglutition; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Tachycardia
PubMed: 29685911
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.171261 -
Critical Care Medicine Mar 2014
Topics: Deglutition; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Noninvasive Ventilation; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiration
PubMed: 24534964
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000002 -
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia Nov 2018Swallowing is a motor process with several discordances and a very difficult neurophysiological study. Maybe that is the reason for the scarcity of papers about it. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Swallowing is a motor process with several discordances and a very difficult neurophysiological study. Maybe that is the reason for the scarcity of papers about it.
OBJECTIVE
It is to describe the chewing neural control and oral bolus qualification. A review the cranial nerves involved with swallowing and their relationship with the brainstem, cerebellum, base nuclei and cortex was made.
METHODS
From the reviewed literature including personal researches and new observations, a consistent and necessary revision of concepts was made, not rarely conflicting.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Five different possibilities of the swallowing oral phase are described: nutritional voluntary, primary cortical, semiautomatic, subsequent gulps, and spontaneous. In relation to the neural control of the swallowing pharyngeal phase, the stimulus that triggers the pharyngeal phase is not the pharyngeal contact produced by the bolus passage, but the pharyngeal pressure distension, with or without contents. In nutritional swallowing, food and pressure are transferred, but in the primary cortical oral phase, only pressure is transferred, and the pharyngeal response is similar. The pharyngeal phase incorporates, as its functional part, the oral phase dynamics already in course. The pharyngeal phase starts by action of the pharyngeal plexus, composed of the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) and accessory (XI) nerves, with involvement of the trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and the hypoglossal (XII) nerves. The cervical plexus (C1, C2) and the hypoglossal nerve on each side form the ansa cervicalis, from where a pathway of cervical origin goes to the geniohyoid muscle, which acts in the elevation of the hyoid-laryngeal complex. We also appraise the neural control of the swallowing esophageal phase. Besides other hypotheses, we consider that it is possible that the longitudinal and circular muscular layers of the esophagus display, respectively, long-pitch and short-pitch spiral fibers. This morphology, associated with the concept of energy preservation, allows us to admit that the contraction of the longitudinal layer, by having a long-pitch spiral arrangement, would be able to widen the esophagus, diminishing the resistance to the flow, probably also by opening of the gastroesophageal transition. In this way, the circular layer, with its short-pitch spiral fibers, would propel the food downwards by sequential contraction.
Topics: Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Cranial Nerves; Deglutition
PubMed: 30156597
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-2803.201800000-45 -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Apr 2010
Topics: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Medical History Taking; Patient Care Team; Physical Examination
PubMed: 20393447
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2010.71.Sup4.47531 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Dec 1991
Topics: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 1783912
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.54.12.1037 -
Chest Surgery Clinics of North America Nov 1994Esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function involve coordinated neuromuscular processes the nature of which differs according to regional muscular anatomy and, to a... (Review)
Review
Esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function involve coordinated neuromuscular processes the nature of which differs according to regional muscular anatomy and, to a degree, according to whether motility is initiated by swallowing or esophageal distension. The physical characteristics of the bolus and the conditions of testing may alter the speed and force of the propulsive contraction. Neural control of these processes and their modulation involves parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric innervation of the organ. In smooth muscle regions, myogenic mechanisms may also play a role.
Topics: Deglutition; Esophagus; Humans; Peristalsis
PubMed: 7859002
DOI: No ID Found -
The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and... May 2006Clearance of the pharynx by deglutition is important in protecting the airway. The pattern of deglutition during sleep was investigated. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
Clearance of the pharynx by deglutition is important in protecting the airway. The pattern of deglutition during sleep was investigated.
METHODS
Deglutition during sleep was examined in 8 normal human adults via time-matched recordings of polysomnography and surface electromyography (EMG) of the thyrohyoid and suprahyoid muscles.
RESULTS
During sleep, deglutition was episodic, and was absent for long periods. The mean number of swallows per hour (+/-SD) during the total sleep time was 2.9 +/- 1.3. The mean period of the longest absence of deglutition was 50.6 +/- 10.2 minutes. Most deglutition occurred in association with spontaneous electroencephalographic arousal in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. Deglutition was related to sleep stage. The mean number of swallows per hour was 7.2 +/- 3.5 during stage 1 sleep and 2.0 +/- 0.7 during stage 2 sleep. There was little deglutition during stages 3 and 4. The deeper the sleep stage became, the lower the mean deglutition frequency became. The mean number of swallows per hour was 2.7 +/- 2.2 during REM sleep. The EMG amplitude dropped to the lowest level of recording and hypotonic EMG activity increased during REM sleep.
CONCLUSIONS
Deglutition, a vital function, is infrequent during sleep.
Topics: Adult; Deglutition; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Reference Values; Sleep
PubMed: 16739663
DOI: 10.1177/000348940611500503 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Dec 2020Swallowing is a vital function and the clearance of the pharynx by deglutition, which removes matter that could be aspirated, and the respiratory phase patterns... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Swallowing is a vital function and the clearance of the pharynx by deglutition, which removes matter that could be aspirated, and the respiratory phase patterns associated with deglutition are important in protecting the airways and lungs against aspiration. This article reviews swallowing and respiratory phase patterns associated with deglutition during sleep and their implications for pathophysiology.
RECENT FINDINGS
During sleep, swallowing is infrequent and absent for long periods. The deeper the sleep stage, the lower the mean deglutition frequency. However, in healthy younger adults, sleep-related deglutition is almost always followed by arrested breathing and expiration, reducing the risk of aspiration. Deglutition is extremely infrequent as well as absent for long periods in the aged. Consequently, clearance of the pharynx and esophagus by deglutition was extremely reduced during sleep in the aged. Furthermore, respiratory phase patterns associated with deglutition displayed adverse patterns during sleep in the aged.
SUMMARY
Due to the complexity of swallowing processes, many adverse health conditions can influence swallowing functions during sleep, especially in the aged. Sleep-related deglutition and respiratory phase patterns may adversely influence aspiration-related diseases such as aspiration pneumonia, especially in the aged not only with primary but also with secondary presbyphagia.
Topics: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Respiration; Sleep Stages
PubMed: 33027140
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000670