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Gastroenterology Jul 1955
Topics: Deglutition; Esophagus; Humans; Pharynx; Pressure
PubMed: 13241684
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Texture Studies Feb 2023Oral processing is a combination of various actions, the detailed description of which has always been the subject of relevant research. By means of imaging technology... (Review)
Review
Oral processing is a combination of various actions, the detailed description of which has always been the subject of relevant research. By means of imaging technology and sensory evaluation, more knowledge of oral processing have been accumulated. Presently, the advances in sensory technology have added quantitative parameters to the qualitative description of oral processing, which also enriched the specifics of each action. Previous studies have shown that oral processing includes lip closure, dental occlusion, masticatory muscles activity, tongue movement, and swallowing, whose processing contains rich information such as the movement of organ and the intensity of organ contacts. "Quantification" was taken in this review as the basic feature of in situ detection information, the relevant parameters and feasible methods for the quantitative description of each activity was recorded in detail. In addition, basic problems and feasible optimization schemes of the existing in situ detection device are also proposed in the hope of promoting the development of in situ detection device thus providing available information for the description of oral processing.
Topics: Mouth; Deglutition
PubMed: 36222444
DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12728 -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Nov 2014
Topics: Deglutition; Esophageal Motility Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Manometry
PubMed: 25373587
DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.321 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia... 2015Oral transit time is one of the parameters observed during the clinical assessment of the swallowing function. The importance of this parameter is due to its impact on... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Oral transit time is one of the parameters observed during the clinical assessment of the swallowing function. The importance of this parameter is due to its impact on the total duration of a meal, whose consequence can be an unfavorable nutritional prognostic.
OBJECTIVE
To document scientific papers that measure oral transit time in healthy subjects.
METHOD
The review followed the steps proposed by the Cochrane Handbook. The search was done via the PubMed database through the use of descriptors related to the oral phase of swallowing, as well as to types of food consistency.
RESULTS
The articles on the theme had different definitions for oral transit time, as well as heterogeneity of tested volumes, age and gender of the participants. The times found varied from 0.35 s to 1.54 s for liquids, from 0.39 s to 1.05 s for pasty foods and from 1 s to 12.8 s for solid foods. Also, regardless of volume or consistency, oral transit time in elderly people is significantly longer than in adults.
CONCLUSION
There's no consensus in the literature about oral transit time in healthy subjects. However, this parameter should be valued during the assessment of the swallowing function due to its negative impact on the dynamics of swallowing, which can cause high energy expenditure during feeding.
Topics: Deglutition; Humans; Time Factors
PubMed: 26176255
DOI: 10.1590/S0102-67202015000200015 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2024
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Aged; Hospitalization; Deglutition; Inpatients
PubMed: 38716948
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20231403 -
Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Oct 2009
Topics: Brain; Deglutition; Humans
PubMed: 19762278
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.012 -
Dysphagia Dec 2023Impaired pharyngo-laryngeal sensory function is a critical mechanism for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). Discovery of the TRP family in sensory nerves opens a window for... (Review)
Review
Impaired pharyngo-laryngeal sensory function is a critical mechanism for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). Discovery of the TRP family in sensory nerves opens a window for new active treatments for OD. To summarize our experience of the action mechanism and therapeutic effects of pharyngeal sensory stimulation by TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8 agonists in older patients with OD. Summary of our studies on location and expression of TRP in the human oropharynx and larynx, and clinical trials with acute and after 2 weeks of treatment with TRP agonists in older patients with OD. (1) TRP receptors are widely expressed in the human oropharynx and larynx: TRPV1 was localized in epithelial cells and TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8 in sensory fibers mainly below the basal lamina. (2) Older people present a decline in pharyngeal sensory function, more severe in patients with OD associated with delayed swallow response, impaired airway protection and reduced spontaneous swallowing frequency. (3) Acute stimulation with TRP agonists improved the biomechanics and neurophysiology of swallowing in older patients with OD TRPV1 = TRPA1 > TRPM8. (4) After 2 weeks of treatment, TRPV1 agonists induced cortical changes that correlated with improvements in swallowing biomechanics. TRP agonists are well tolerated and do not induce any major adverse events. TRP receptors are widely expressed in the human oropharynx and larynx with specific patterns. Acute oropharyngeal sensory stimulation with TRP agonists improved neurophysiology, biomechanics of swallow response, and safety of swallowing. Subacute stimulation promotes brain plasticity further improving swallow function in older people with OD.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Deglutition Disorders; Pharynx; Deglutition; Oropharynx; Brain
PubMed: 37145201
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10578-x -
Gerodontology Dec 2012Ageing is associated with modifications in upper oesophageal sphincter function that may be deleterious to deglutition. The head lift exercise (Shaker exercise) is a... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Ageing is associated with modifications in upper oesophageal sphincter function that may be deleterious to deglutition. The head lift exercise (Shaker exercise) is a head-raising work out aiming to improve the opening of this segment, and ultimately to reduce aspiration. We aimed to review critically the evidence on the effects of this structured intervention programme and to identify gaps to be filled by future research.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We identified published reports addressing the effect of this exercise in increasing the anteroposterior diameter and cross-sectional area of the deglutitive upper oesophageal sphincter opening or dysphagic symptoms.
RESULTS
Nine methodologically heterogeneous studies were included in the review, and the reported effects of the head lift exercise were an increase in the anterior excursion of the larynx and in the anteroposterior diameter of the upper oesophageal sphincter opening, and the elimination of dysphagic symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Further studies including control groups and accounting for potential confounders are needed for a sound assessment of the effectiveness of this technique. The data on the functional results are, however, promising for dysphagia interventions.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper; Exercise Therapy; Head; Humans; Larynx
PubMed: 22612867
DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00638.x -
American Journal of Physiology.... Apr 2001Cortical representation of swallow-related motor tasks has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we elucidated and compared these cortical representations... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Cortical representation of swallow-related motor tasks has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we elucidated and compared these cortical representations to those of volitional swallow using block-trial and single-trial methods. Fourteen volunteers were studied by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical activation during both swallowing and swallow-related motor tasks that can be performed independent of swallowing, such as jaw clenching, lip pursing, and tongue rolling, was found in four general areas: the anterior cingulate, motor/premotor cortex, insula, and occipital/parietal region corresponding to Brodmann's areas 7, 19, and 31. Regions of activity, volume of activated voxels, and increases in signal intensity were found to be similar between volitional swallow and swallow-related motor tasks. These findings, using both block-trial and single-trial techniques, suggest that cerebral cortical regions activated during swallowing may not be specific to deglutitive function.
Topics: Adult; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Deglutition; Female; Humans; Jaw; Lip; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Tongue
PubMed: 11254478
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.4.G531 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2014Adequate upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) opening is critical to safe and efficient swallowing due to the close proximity of the UOS to the airway entrance. Many people... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adequate upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) opening is critical to safe and efficient swallowing due to the close proximity of the UOS to the airway entrance. Many people with neurological conditions, progressive and non-progressive, present with UOS dysfunction. The consequences for the person include difficulty swallowing food with subsequent choking and aspiration (passage of material into the trachea beyond the level of the true vocal cords). Clinical complications include aspiration pneumonia, weight loss, dehydration and malnutrition. Tube feeding is often indicated but is associated with increased mortality. Quality of life is also frequently impacted. A range of interventions exist that aim to improve UOS function and swallowing. These include compensatory strategies, rehabilitation techniques, pharmacological interventions and surgery. Over the last two decades, botulinum toxin has been gaining popularity as an intervention for UOS dysfunction, with some evidence to suggest that it is successful in improving swallow function. Despite a number of studies investigating its efficacy, there is a lack of consensus regarding whether this intervention is effective in improving swallowing for individuals with UOS dysfunction associated with neurological disease.
OBJECTIVES
To establish the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin use aimed at improving UOS dysfunction in people with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) associated with non-progressive and progressive neurological disease.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the following electronic databases for published trials: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to 2013); EMBASE (1980 to 2013); AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) (1941 to 2013); CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) (1937 to 2013). We also searched major clinical trials registers: CCT (http://www.controlled-trials.com); Clinical Trials (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov); Chinese Clinical Trial Register (www.chictr.org); ACTR (http://www.actr.org.au/. We examined the reference lists of all potentially relevant studies to identify further relevant trials. We handsearched published abstracts of conference proceedings from both the Dysphagia Research Society and the European Society of Swallowing Disorders. Digestive Disease Week (published in Gastroenterology) was also handsearched. Additionally, we searched ProQuest Dissertations & Theses for dissertation abstracts.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Only randomised controlled trials were sought.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Independent searches were completed by JR, AM, MC and MW. Two review authors (JR and MW) independently inspected titles, abstracts and key words identified from the literature search.
MAIN RESULTS
No randomised controlled studies were retrieved. Twenty-nine studies were excluded, mainly on the basis of trial design.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
It was not possible to reach a conclusion on the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin as an intervention for people with UOS dysfunction and neurological disease. There is insufficient evidence to inform clinical practice. Directions for future research are provided.
Topics: Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Botulinum Toxins; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper; Humans; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 24801118
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009968.pub2