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Case Reports in Medicine 2010Objective. To describe the clinical, radiological and pathological findings in a patient with methadone-induced delayed posthypoxic encephalopathy (DPHE). Case Report. A...
Objective. To describe the clinical, radiological and pathological findings in a patient with methadone-induced delayed posthypoxic encephalopathy (DPHE). Case Report. A Thirty-eight-year-old man was found unconscious for an unknown duration after methadone and diazepam ingestion. His initial vitals were temperature 104 degree Fahrenheit, heart rate 148/minute, respiratory rate 50/minute, and blood pressure 107/72 mmhg. He developed renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, and elevated liver enzymes which resolved completely in 6 days. After 2 weeks from discharge he had progressive deterioration of his cognitive, behavioral and neurological function. Brain MRI showed diffuse abnormal T2 signal in the corona radiata, centrum semiovale, and subcortical white matter throughout all lobes. Extensive work up was negative for any metabolic, infectious or autoimmune disorder. Brain biopsy showed significant axonal injury in the white matter. He was treated successfully with combination of steroids and antioxidants. Follow up at 2 year showed no residual deficits. Conclusion. Our observation suggests that patients on methadone therapy should be monitored for any neurological or psychiatric symptoms, and in suspected cases MRI brain may help to make the diagnosis of DPHE. A trial of steroids and antioxidants may be considered in these patients.
PubMed: 21209817
DOI: 10.1155/2010/716494 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Feb 2006West Nile virus (WNV) has spread throughout the contiguous United States. During the 2002-2003 period, there were 14,023 laboratory-confirmed human cases of WNV in 45...
BACKGROUND
West Nile virus (WNV) has spread throughout the contiguous United States. During the 2002-2003 period, there were 14,023 laboratory-confirmed human cases of WNV in 45 states and 541 associated deaths. Factors that affect case distribution are poorly understood. This study assessed the relationship of environmental factors and agricultural activity with the presence of human WNV cases.
METHODS
County-level data were collected that included 2002 and 2003 WNV surveillance data, temperature, dairy revenue, precipitation, total irrigated acres, and total crop revenue. Logistic regression models were used to determine which risk factors were significantly associated with WNV human cases.
RESULTS
Significant independent predictors for counties with human WNV cases were population (odds ratio [OR]=1.20, p<0.0001); higher average daily temperature in April through October (OR=1.19 for each additional degree Fahrenheit, p<0.0001); and total crop sales (OR=1.14 (p<0.001). The ORs for these predictors increased in an analysis of counties with ten or more cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher temperature and farming activity may be strongly associated with the incidence of human WNV infection. Larger studies of more agricultural centers are warranted to determine which environmental factors increase the risk of human infection and how these infections can be prevented.
Topics: Agriculture; Animals; Culicidae; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Insect Vectors; Logistic Models; Risk Factors; United States; West Nile Fever
PubMed: 16459215
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.10.008 -
Journal of Community Health Apr 2012Timely public health interventions reduce heat-related illnesses (HRIs). HRI emergency department (ED) visit data provide near real-time morbidity information to local...
Timely public health interventions reduce heat-related illnesses (HRIs). HRI emergency department (ED) visit data provide near real-time morbidity information to local and state public health practitioners and may be useful in directing HRI prevention efforts. This study examined statewide HRI ED visits in North Carolina (NC) from 2008-2010 by age group, month, ED disposition, chief complaint, and triage notes. The mean number of HRI ED visits per day was compared to the maximum daily temperature. The percentage of HRI ED visits to all ED visits was highest in June (0.25%). 15-18 year-olds had the highest percentage of HRI visits and were often seen for sports-related heat exposures. Work-related HRI ED visits were more common than other causes in 19-45 year-olds. Individuals ≥65 years were more likely admitted to the hospital than younger individuals. The mean daily number of HRI ED visits increased by 1.4 for each 1°F (degree Fahrenheit) increase from 90°F to 98°F and by 15.8 for each 1°F increase from 98°F to 100°F. Results indicate that HRI prevention efforts in NC should be emphasized in early summer and targeted to adolescents involved in organized sports, young adults with outdoor occupations, and seniors. At a maximum daily temperature of 98°F, there was a substantial increase in the average daily number of HRI ED visits. ED visit data provide timely, sentinel HRI information. Analysis of this near real-time morbidity data may assist local and state public health practitioners in identification of HRI prevention strategies that are especially relevant to their jurisdictions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergency Service, Hospital; Heat Stress Disorders; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Morbidity; North Carolina; Population Surveillance; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 21882040
DOI: 10.1007/s10900-011-9469-0 -
Environmental Entomology Feb 2021As the mean temperature and the duration of the growing season decline with elevation, growth of immature insects should initiate at a lower temperature, but it should...
As the mean temperature and the duration of the growing season decline with elevation, growth of immature insects should initiate at a lower temperature, but it should also be faster to complete development prior to season's end. Although flightless, Mormon crickets migrate in large aggregations across broad spatial and elevational distances that might limit adaptations to local environments. In addition, selection to be active at cooler temperatures might limit selection to maximize growth rate. I measured growth rate in controlled environments for nymphs from three populations that vary in altitude (87-2,688 m) but are similar in latitude (43.2-45.7°N). Growth rate increased significantly with mean rearing temperature between 22 and 30°C. The intercept of the regression of growth rate on temperature increased with elevation, whereas the slope did not change significantly. For any given rearing temperature, growth rate increased with elevation, which suggests that selection to initiate growth at cooler temperatures did not compromise growth rate. Body mass did not differ between the two lower elevations, whereas the highest elevation population had smaller hatchlings and adults. Critical thermal minimum (base temperature) declined with elevation (0.7°C per 1,000 m), and the degree days were 509 across all elevations. For pest management, a base temperature from midelevation of 15.3°C (60°F) and growing degree days of 509 (equivalent to 916 Fahrenheit-based degree days) are reasonable estimates for applications from sea level to 2,700 m.
Topics: Acclimatization; Altitude; Animals; Gryllidae; Temperature
PubMed: 33219677
DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa151 -
Hospital Tribune Sep 1972
Topics: Biology; Burns; Disease; Endocrine System; Physiology; Prostaglandins; Signs and Symptoms; Skin
PubMed: 12310257
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Urology May 1988We report the third case of a vaginal contraceptive suppository that was inserted accidentally per urethral causing severe chemical cystitis.
We report the third case of a vaginal contraceptive suppository that was inserted accidentally per urethral causing severe chemical cystitis.
Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Contraceptive Agents; Cystitis; Female; Humans; Nonoxynol; Polyethylene Glycols; Suppositories; Urethra
PubMed: 2834568
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)42767-4 -
Southern Medical Journal Sep 1995Although body temperature has been monitored for more than a century as a means of distinguishing health from disease, physicians' perceptions of concepts of clinical...
Although body temperature has been monitored for more than a century as a means of distinguishing health from disease, physicians' perceptions of concepts of clinical thermometry are largely unknown. To characterize such perceptions, we did a descriptive analysis of responses to a survey questionnaire dealing with body temperature. Seventy-five percent of the 268 physicians and physicians-in-training surveyed offered 37 degrees C (98.6 degrees F) as their definition of "normal body temperature." Only 10 (4%) specified a particular body site (eg, oral or rectal) of temperature measurements in their definition. Although 98% believed that body temperature normally varies during the day, there was not a consensus as to the magnitude of such variability. There was also considerable disagreement as to the specific temperatures defining the lower and upper limits of the febrile range. Subjects exhibited a clear preference for the Fahrenheit scale in their responses. Medical students differed significantly from graduate physicians in several of the areas examined.
Topics: Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Fever; Humans; Male; Physicians; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 7660211
DOI: 10.1097/00007611-199509000-00009 -
Contraception May 1975
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Diarrhea; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prostaglandins F; Vomiting
PubMed: 1139940
DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(75)90107-9 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Aug 1988We describe a method for estimating the dosage of aerosolized ribavirin according to age. The calculations were determined by using a computer model of particle...
We describe a method for estimating the dosage of aerosolized ribavirin according to age. The calculations were determined by using a computer model of particle deposition, and corrections are described for sex, body weight, fever, and tracheal intubation. Respiratory tract deposition in infants, after they inhaled an aerosol containing 200 micrograms of ribavirin/L, was 1.8 mg/kg per hour; in adults the deposition was 0.9 mg/kg per hour. Adolescent females and older women have less (7%/kg) respiratory tract deposition than do males. Fever will increase deposition about 9%/degree Centigrade (5%/degree Fahrenheit) for each degree of increase above normal temperature. Tracheal intubation will deliver relatively more drug to the lung and no drug to the nasopharynx. Our report shows the regional and total deposition of inhaled ribavirin aerosol in the respiratory tracts of persons in different age-groups from three months to 25 y.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Age Factors; Body Weight; Bronchi; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fever; Humans; Infant; Intubation, Intratracheal; Lung; Male; Respiration; Ribavirin; Ribonucleosides; Sex Factors; Tidal Volume; Trachea
PubMed: 3403994
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/158.2.443 -
Conference Proceedings : ... Annual... 2004We describe a vital sign telemonitor (VST) that acquires, records, displays, and provides readings such as: electrocardiograms (ECGs), temperature (T), and oxygen...
We describe a vital sign telemonitor (VST) that acquires, records, displays, and provides readings such as: electrocardiograms (ECGs), temperature (T), and oxygen saturation (SaO2) over the Internet to any site. The design of this system consisted of three parts: sensors, analog signal processing circuits, and a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). The first part involved selection of appropriate sensors. For ECG, disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes; for temperature, LM35 precision temperature sensor; and for SaO2 the Nonin Oximetry Development Kit equipped with a finger clip were selected. The second part consisted of processing the analog signals obtained from these sensors. This was achieved by implementing suitable amplifiers and filters for the vital signs. The final part focused on development of a GUI to display the vital signs in the LabVIEW environment. From these measurements, important values such as heart rate (HR), beat-to-beat (RR) intervals, SaO2 percentages, and T in both degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit were calculated The GUI could be accessed through the Internet in a Web-page facilitating the possibility of real-time patient telemonitoring. The final system was completed and tested on volunteers with satisfactory results.
PubMed: 17272161
DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1403641