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The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jul 2010Vitamin E is thought to affect bone formation and bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol) on the...
Vitamin E is thought to affect bone formation and bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol) on the osteoblasts isolated from rat calvariae. At 4 and 7 days (Day 4 and 7) after induction of osteoblastic differentiation, treatment of alpha-tocopherol (100 and 200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (2 and 20 microM) for 3 days significantly decreased alkaline phophatase activity of the cultured osteoblasts. At Day 14, however, no significant change was detected in ALP activity and expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA in the osteoblasts treated with alpha-tocopherol or delta-tocopherol for 3 days. Expression of osteocalcin mRNA was decreased by treatment of alpha-tocopherol (100 and 200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (2 and 20 microM) at Day 4 and 7. At Day 14, expression of osteocalcin mRNA was decreased only with treatment of 200 microM alpha-tocopherol. In addition, the noncalcified nodules were decreased by treatment of alpha-tocopherol (200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (20 microM) at Day 7. However, treatment of alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol showed no significant change of formation of calcified nodules at Day 14. These results indicate that vitamin E inhibits differentiation of osteoblasts especially from early stage to osteoid-producing stage.
Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Cell Differentiation; DNA Primers; Isomerism; Osteoblasts; Osteocalcin; Rats; Skull; Vitamin E; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 20215720
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0487 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Dec 2005Humans and other mammals actively discriminate among the various forms of vitamin E to selectively retain alpha-tocopherol, but the phylogenetic breadth of this trait is...
Selective accumulation of alpha-tocopherol in Drosophila is associated with cytochrome P450 tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase activity but not alpha-tocopherol transfer protein.
Humans and other mammals actively discriminate among the various forms of vitamin E to selectively retain alpha-tocopherol, but the phylogenetic breadth of this trait is unknown. We sought to determine if the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, similarly discriminates and if so by what mechanism. Larvae and adult flies fed diets containing predominantly gamma- and delta-tocopherols were enriched in alpha-tocopherol. Inclusion in the diet of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), an insect cytochrome P450 inhibitor and inhibitor of tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase activity, greatly elevated tissue levels of delta-tocopherol but not alpha-tocopherol. Drosophila microsomes exhibited tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase activity in the order of delta-T > gamma-T >> alpha-T, a pattern consistent with the effect of PBO in vivo. To determine if selectivity involved alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP), adult flies were fed an equimolar mixture of d3-RRR- and d6-all-racemic alpha-tocopherol. Flies exhibited a d3/d6 ratio of 1.03, demonstrating an inability to discriminate on the basis of phytyl tail stereochemistry, a hallmark of alpha-TTP activity. We conclude that Drosophila preferentially accumulates alpha-tocopherol via a mechanism involving cytochrome P450 tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase-mediated catabolism of other tocopherols, but not a mammalian-like alpha-TTP. The selective pressure favoring this trait and its remarkable conservation from insects to humans requires elucidation.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drosophila melanogaster; Mixed Function Oxygenases; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 16289043
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.124 -
Food Chemistry Apr 2015The tocochromanol profile was studied in seed oils recovered from by-products of fruit industry, five dessert and seven crab apple varieties grown in Eastern Europe...
Unique variability of tocopherol composition in various seed oils recovered from by-products of apple industry: rapid and simple determination of all four homologues (α, β, γ and δ) by RP-HPLC/FLD.
The tocochromanol profile was studied in seed oils recovered from by-products of fruit industry, five dessert and seven crab apple varieties grown in Eastern Europe (Latvia). The seed oils obtained from dessert apples were characterized by higher contents of tocopherols (191.05-379.08 mg/100g oil) when compared to seed oils recovered from crab apples (130.55-202.54 mg/100g oil). The predominant homologues of tocopherol in all the studied samples were α and β over γ and δ. However, seed oils recovered from the apple cultivars 'Antej' and 'Beforest' had a unique profile of four tocopherol homologues (α:β:γ:δ) 91.41:80.55:72.46:79.03 and 114.55:112.84:78.69:73.00 mg/100g oil, respectively. A single dilution of seed oils in 2-propanol facilitated the direct use samples in the DPPH assay as well as injection into the RP-HPLC system containing a PFP (pentafluorophenyl) column, which resulted in a rapid separation of all four tocopherol homologues with excellent repeatability and reproducibility.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Food Industry; Malus; Plant Oils; Seeds; Tocopherols
PubMed: 25442533
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.051 -
Journal of Food Biochemistry Feb 2019Seeds from the cucurbitaceae plant family are discarded as the byproducts which generally obtained after extraction of oil during food processing. Recently, found a... (Review)
Review
Seeds from the cucurbitaceae plant family are discarded as the byproducts which generally obtained after extraction of oil during food processing. Recently, found a great deal of interest as cucurbit seeds are found to be rich source of nutrients such as monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols (α-Tocopherol, β-Tocopherol, δ-Tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol), carotenoids, β-carotene, phytosterol, proteins, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants. Despite the potential nutritional benefits, the commercial product of cucurbit plants are lacking in the market. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase production and utilization of cucurbit seed oil for human nutrition. The main purpose of the present review is to sum up the published information on the nutritional potential of cucurbit seed oils to promote industrial production and stimulates further research on commercial use of cucurbit seeds. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The aims of this review are to highlight the nutritional values and antioxidant properties of cucurbit seed and their impact on the overall human health. These cucurbit seeds are rich source of vitamins and minerals which are necessary for healthy human diet. In addition to other commercial oils, cucurbits oils are equally important and rich in essential active ingredients. Quite abundance of cucurbit seeds in African continents can pave way to enhance production on the industrial scale which can create employability ranging from farmers to skilled workers. In all, the oil produced from the cucurbit seeds can be applied practically to implement large-scale production as a part of food industry and dietary supplement industry in paramedical sector.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cucurbitaceae; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Humans; Nutritive Value; Plant Oils; Seeds
PubMed: 31353657
DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12733 -
Nature Communications Jun 2018From life science to material science, to pharmaceutical industry, and to food chemistry, polysulfides are vital structural scaffolds. However, there are limited...
From life science to material science, to pharmaceutical industry, and to food chemistry, polysulfides are vital structural scaffolds. However, there are limited synthetic methods for unsymmetrical polysulfides. Conventional strategies entail two pre-sulfurated cross-coupling substrates, R-S, with higher chances of side reactions due to the characteristic of sulfur. Herein, a library of broad-spectrum polysulfurating reagents, R-S-S-OMe, are designed and scalably synthesized, to which the R-S-S source can be directly introduced for late-stage modifications of biomolecules, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. Based on the hard and soft acids and bases principle, selective activation of sulfur-oxygen bond has been accomplished via utilizing proton and boride for efficient unsymmetrical polysulfuration. These polysulfurating reagents are highlighted with their outstanding multifunctional gram-scale transformations with various nucleophiles under mild conditions. A diversity of polysulfurated biomolecules, such as SS-(+)-δ-tocopherol, SS-sulfanilamide, SS-saccharides, SS-amino acids, and SSS-oligopeptides have been established for drug discovery and development.
PubMed: 29875443
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04306-5 -
Cancer Cell International 2019Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol (VEDT), a vitamin E compound isolated from sources such as palm fruit and annatto beans, has been reported to have cancer chemopreventive and...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol (VEDT), a vitamin E compound isolated from sources such as palm fruit and annatto beans, has been reported to have cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic effects.
METHODS
We report a novel function of VEDT in augmenting tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- (TRAIL-) induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The effects of VEDT were shown by its ability to trigger caspase-8-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
RESULTS
When combined with TRAIL, VEDT significantly augmented TRAIL-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. VEDT decreased cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) levels without consistently modulating the expression of decoy death receptors 1, 2, 3 or death receptors 4 and 5. Enforced expression of c-FLIP substantially attenuated VEDT/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, c-FLIP reduction plays an important part in mediating VEDT/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, VEDT increased c-FLIP ubiquitination and degradation but did not affect its transcription, suggesting that VEDT decreases c-FLIP levels through promoting its degradation. Of note, degradation of c-FLIP and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells were observed only with the anticancer bioactive vitamin E compounds δ-, γ-, and β-tocotrienol but not with the anticancer inactive vitamin E compounds α-tocotrienol and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol.
CONCLUSIONS
c-FLIP degradation is a key event for death receptor-induced apoptosis by anticancer bioactive vitamin E compounds in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, VEDT augmented TRAIL inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth and induction of apoptosis in vivo. Combination therapy with TRAIL agonists and bioactive vitamin E compounds may offer a novel strategy for pancreatic cancer intervention.
PubMed: 31367187
DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0876-0 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2011Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play crucial roles in liver fibrosis. In the course of liver injury, HSCs, which reside in perisinusoidal spaces and lose lipid... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play crucial roles in liver fibrosis. In the course of liver injury, HSCs, which reside in perisinusoidal spaces and lose lipid droplets, morphologically change into a myofibroblastic phenotype and acquire an increased proliferation activity in what is known as the activated state. We have investigated therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis by promoting spontaneous reversion or inducing apoptosis in activated HSCs. Vitamin E consists of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, all of which are well-known antioxidants. In this study, the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of a tocol, which lacks methyl groups attached to the chromanol ring, and four tocopherols were investigated using activated HSCs. δ-Tocopherol and tocol exhibited relatively high proliferation inhibitory and proapoptotic abilities. However, they did not show proliferation inhibition ability on primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells. Significant cell detachment was also observed in δ-tocopherol- and tocol-treated HSCs. Decreased protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin and β1 integrin were observed in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that δ-tocopherol and tocol induce anoikis in activated HSCs.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Anoikis; Antioxidants; Biological Transport; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dietary Supplements; Hep G2 Cells; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Hepatocytes; Humans; Integrin alpha1beta1; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Methylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tocopherols
PubMed: 22293208
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.317 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Mar 2020Vitamin E represents a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system, playing a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different plasma concentrations of the forms of...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin E represents a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system, playing a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different plasma concentrations of the forms of vitamin E are observed in AD compared to cognitively healthy subjects.
AIM
Since these modifications may modulate the markers of oxidative stress and cellular aging, we aim to explore the relationship between vitamin E forms and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in AD.
METHODS
53 AD subjects and 40 cognitively healthy controls (CTs) were enrolled. The vitamin E forms (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol), the ratio of α-tocopherylquinone/α-tocopherol and 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol (markers of oxidative/nitrosative damage) and LTL were measured.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Regression model was used to explore the associations of vitamin E forms and LTL with AD. The interaction of LTL in the association between vitamin E forms and AD was tested. AD subjects showed significantly lower concentrations of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, α- and δ-tocotrienol, total tocopherols, total tocotrienols and total vitamin E compared to CTs. AD subjects showed higher values of nitrosative/oxidative damage. The adjusted analyses confirmed a significant relationship of AD with plasma concentrations of α- and β-tocopherols, δ-tocotrienol, total tocopherols, total tocotrienol, total vitamin E and oxidative/nitrosative damage. However, nitrosative damage was significantly associated with AD only in subjects with higher LTL and not in those expressing marked cellular aging.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms the role of vitamin E in AD pathology and indicates that nitrosative damage influences the association with AD only in subjects characterized by longer LTL.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cellular Senescence; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Telomere Homeostasis; Vitamin E
PubMed: 31054115
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01209-3 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Apr 2019Oxidative stress has been associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, and vitamin E has powerful anti-oxidant properties. Vitamin E occurs in several different isoforms...
BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress has been associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, and vitamin E has powerful anti-oxidant properties. Vitamin E occurs in several different isoforms which differ in their ability to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of α-, γ- and δ-tocopherol in maternal-infant pairs, and the impact on maternal-newborn outcomes.
METHODS
Vitamin E status was evaluated in 189 mother-infant pairs. Concentrations of α-, γ- and δ-tocopherol were measured using HPLC. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Spearman coefficients were used to assess correlations between maternal and cord measurements. Linear and logistic regression models were used to adjust for relevant confounders. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Maternal and cord serum tocopherol concentrations were positively correlated for γ-tocopherol (r = 0.32, p ˂ 0.001) and δ-tocopherol (r = 0.46, p ˂ 0.001) but not for α-tocopherol. After adjustment for confounders, maternal concentrations of tocopherols were positively associated with Apgar scores (p = 0.02) and infant growth parameters at birth. Conversely, cord tocopherol levels were inversely associated with Apgar scores (p = 0.02) and infant growth. Cord concentrations of α-tocopherol were higher in infants born to mothers with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
Maternal-fetal transfer of γ- and δ-tocopherols is higher than α-tocopherol and may be mediated by either different or more efficient methods, conversely tissue uptake of α-tocopherol by the developing fetus may be higher. As serum levels of maternal tocopherols are positively associated with outcomes while higher cord levels show a negative impact, uptake and tissue deposition of vitamin E by the fetus may be crucial in growth and development. More research into the role of maternal diet, placental regulation, and fetal uptake of vitamin E tocopherols in relation to clinical outcomes is warranted.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Midwestern United States; Pregnancy; Tocopherols; Young Adult
PubMed: 29496275
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.003 -
Journal of Separation Science Nov 2023Vitamin E represents a group of lipophilic phenolic compounds, including α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienol,...
Vitamin E represents a group of lipophilic phenolic compounds, including α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol isomers. Different forms of vitamin E have been proven to exhibit varying biological activities. However, due to their structural similarities, the separation of vitamin E isomers is a challenging task. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an efficient method for isolating individual isomers. In this study, co-current countercurrent chromatography was employed to isolate vitamin E isomers from commercial capsules using a n-heptane-methanol-water (10:9.5:0.5, v/v) solvent system. The partition coefficients of the main constituents in the capsules ranged from 0.94 to 6.23, requiring over 450 min for a complete separation. To improve separation efficiency, a co-current elution mode was implemented and the flow rates of the two liquid phases as well as sample amount were examined. The results suggested that increasing the flow rate of the stationary phase and sample size could result in more effective separation, shorter separation time, and higher yield. It proved that co-current countercurrent chromatography was an effective method for the separation of vitamin E isomers.
Topics: Countercurrent Distribution; Vitamin E; Isomerism; Solvents; Methanol
PubMed: 37654055
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300285