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Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2017Delusion is central to the conceptualization, definition, and identification of schizophrenia. However, in current classifications, the presence of delusions is neither... (Review)
Review
Delusion is central to the conceptualization, definition, and identification of schizophrenia. However, in current classifications, the presence of delusions is neither necessary nor sufficient for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, nor is it sufficient to exclude the diagnosis of some other psychiatric conditions. Partly as a consequence of these classification rules, it is possible for delusions to exist transdiagnostically. In this article, we evaluate the extent to which this happens, and in what ways the characteristics of delusions vary according to diagnostic context. We were able to examine their presence and form in delusional disorder, affective disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder, and dementia, in all of which they have an appreciable presence. There is some evidence that the mechanisms of delusion formation are, at least to an extent, shared across these disorders. This transdiagnostic extension of delusions is an argument for targeting them therapeutically in their own right. However there is a dearth of research to enable the rational transdiagnostic deployment of either pharmacological or psychological treatments.
Topics: Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Borderline Personality Disorder; Comorbidity; Delusions; Dementia; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 28399309
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw191 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Jun 2015Social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients may have self-referential ideas and share other cognitive processes with paranoid delusional disorder (PDD) patients. From an...
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients may have self-referential ideas and share other cognitive processes with paranoid delusional disorder (PDD) patients. From an evolutionary perspective, SAD may derive from biologically instinctive social hierarchy ranking, thus causing an assumption of inferior social rank, and thus prompting concerns about mistreatment from those of perceived higher rank. This naturalistic longitudinal study followed four patients with initial SAD and later onset of PDD. These four patients show the same sequence of diagnosed SAD followed by diagnosed PDD, as is often retrospectively described by other PDD patients. Although antipsychotic medication improved psychotic symptoms in all patients, those who also had adjunctive serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors for SAD had much more improvement in both psychosis and social functioning. From an evolutionary perspective, it can be conjectured that when conscious modulation of the SAD social rank instinct is diminished due to hypofrontality (common to many psychotic disorders), then unmodulated SAD can lead to paranoid delusional disorder, with prominent ideas of reference. Non-psychotic SAD may be prodromal or causal for PDD.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Antipsychotic Agents; Biological Evolution; Hierarchy, Social; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Phobic Disorders; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 26034873
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000311 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2013The Capgras syndrome is one of delusional-like misidentification syndrome in which a person holds a delusion that one or several his/her friends or relatives have been... (Review)
Review
The Capgras syndrome is one of delusional-like misidentification syndrome in which a person holds a delusion that one or several his/her friends or relatives have been replaced by an identical-looking impostor. As any other delusional disorder, the Capgras syndrome is characterized by stability despite the indisputable arguments against fault views. Initially, this syndrome was considered as a presentation of schizophrenia but later it has been described in brain organic disorders, primarily in elderly patients with dementia.
Topics: Capgras Syndrome; Dementia; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 23994927
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Aug 2018
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 29901565
DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000920 -
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Aug 2018
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Humans; Medication Adherence; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 29851708
DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000893 -
Asian Journal of Psychiatry Feb 2018Our aim was to investigate the influence of depressive symptoms on the clinical presentation of Persistent Delusional Disorder (PDD).
BACKGROUND
Our aim was to investigate the influence of depressive symptoms on the clinical presentation of Persistent Delusional Disorder (PDD).
METHODS
We have previously conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with PDD (n = 455). We divided this sample into two groups according to the presence or absence of co-morbid depressive symptoms - a subsample of PDD with depressive co-morbidity (PDD + D; n = 187) and a subsample of PDD without depressive co-morbidity (PDD only; n = 268).
RESULTS
PDD + D group had a significantly younger age at onset of PDD. The PDD + D group received significantly more antidepressants but had similar response and adherence rates.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of depressive symptoms in 41% of the study population did not appear to influence the clinical presentation or response to treatment.
Topics: Adult; Comorbidity; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Young Adult
PubMed: 29248867
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.12.002 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin May 2012This article tries to give an answer to the question of whether International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) persistent delusional disorder (PDD) or Diagnostic and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
This article tries to give an answer to the question of whether International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) persistent delusional disorder (PDD) or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) delusional disorder (DD) is simply paranoid schizophrenia (PS). Because ICD-10 PDD and DSM-IV DD are identical, we use DD as a synonym.
METHODS
A prospective and longitudinal study compared all inpatients with DD treated at the Halle-Wittenberg university hospital during a 14-year period with a previously investigated selected cohort of patients with PS. Sociodemographic data, symptomatology, course, and outcome parameters were examined using standardized instruments. The duration of the follow-up period in patients with DD was 10.8 years and for the PS patients 12.9 years.
RESULTS
Significant differences between DD and PS were found: DD patients are, in comparison to patients with PS, significantly older at onset. Less of their first-degree relatives have mental disorders. They less frequently come from a broken home situation. First-rank symptoms, relevant negative symptoms, and primary hallucinations did not occur in patients with DD. Patients with DD were less frequently hospitalized, and the duration of their hospitalization was shorter. Their outcome is much better regarding employment, early retirement due to the disorder, and psychopharmacological medication. They more often had stable heterosexual partnerships and were autarkic. They had lower scores in the Disability Assessment Scale and in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The diagnosis of DD is very stable over time.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study support the assumption that DDs are a separate entity and only exceptionally can be a prodrome of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Sex Factors
PubMed: 21078814
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbq125 -
Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica : a... Mar 2008Since the beginning of the 19th century, delusions have been classified mainly by their content or theme. Clinical psychopathological investigation requires additional... (Review)
Review
Since the beginning of the 19th century, delusions have been classified mainly by their content or theme. Clinical psychopathological investigation requires additional variables that will allow investigators to describe the structure of delusional experience more accurately. Delusions are multidimensional constructs that may change across the various mental disorders. Several authors have developed rating scales with the aim to measure individual dimensions of delusional structure. In this paper, common rating scales are mentioned and the main characteristics of the Simple Delusional Syndrome Scale (SDSS) are summarized. The SDSS scale consists of 7 items (logical organization, systemization, stability, conviction, influence on the action, extension, and insertion), scored from 1 to 5. Results of the statistical analysis confirm good psychometric characteristics of the scale, Cronbach coefficient alpha=0.8327. The SDSS may contribute to a better understanding and diagnostics of delusional disorders and, using statistical methods, can help quantify the relationship between the delusional syndrome and the primary disease process. The SDSS scale may also be utilized in the assessment of changes occurring in delusional syndromes depending on the therapeutic effect of psychopharmacological drugs.
Topics: Delusions; Humans; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Syndrome; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18771017
DOI: No ID Found -
La Revue Du Praticien Jan 2019The "syndrome de glissement" The "syndrome de glissement » is a controversial notion that is still used by some French geriatricians, although it does not belong to any... (Review)
Review
The "syndrome de glissement" The "syndrome de glissement » is a controversial notion that is still used by some French geriatricians, although it does not belong to any international disease classification and has very few evidence-based data. Some authors found clinical relevance to this notion, whereas others believe its use is potentially associated with certain risks. The clinical practice and the few available evidence related to syndrome de glissement" tend to suggest that this syndrome usually belong to other disorders including apathy, depression and delusional disorder. "Risks associated with the use of the "syndrome de glissement" include the risk of blocking discussion on diagnosis, clinic and therapy. In general, it seems possible to avoid the use of the notion of "syndrome de glissement" in clinical practice, which does not necessarily prevent to question the desire of death of the older adults.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Suicide; Syndrome
PubMed: 30983294
DOI: No ID Found -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Feb 2011This paper presents gender-related features of Delusional Disorder. It is part of the Halle Delusional Syndromes Study (HADES-Study). All inpatients fulfilling the...
This paper presents gender-related features of Delusional Disorder. It is part of the Halle Delusional Syndromes Study (HADES-Study). All inpatients fulfilling the DSM-IV/ICD-10 criteria of Delusional Disorder/Persistent Delusional Disorder (DD) during a 14-year period were included and followed up for an average of 10.8 years. Gender distribution was almost equal, women became ill significantly later than men, and almost all women had a stable diagnosis-in contrast to men. The great majority of women, at the end of the follow-up period, had an unremitted DD. Women more frequently had low social functioning at admission, but then were more compliant and received more frequently pharmacological medication. There were no differences in the delusional topic and no differences regarding long-term disability and autarky. In spite of previous reports, the HADES-Study found no gender difference in the frequency of DD. However, men tended more frequently to change into schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. In these cases, the DD might have been a prodrome of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, which manifests later in life. Although in both female and male DD patients, the majority remained unremitted, almost none of them lost their autarky (independent living). While women more frequently received psychopharmacological medication, their DD was usually found to be unremitted.
Topics: Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Sex Factors
PubMed: 20700601
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-010-0130-1