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Journal of Community Psychology Apr 2022Mattering is defined as experiences of feeling valued and adding value in different domains of life: self, relationships, work, and community. Mattering is a construct...
Mattering is defined as experiences of feeling valued and adding value in different domains of life: self, relationships, work, and community. Mattering is a construct with great relevance across psychological and social issues. Research has suggested there may be value in understanding group differences in mattering. Following the recent validation of a scale which measures mattering across multiple domains of life (MIDLS), the present study analyzed a representative US sample to identify demographic group differences in domain-specific mattering. Despite the presence of few differences in Overall Mattering, significant differences were found among all domains and between groups for each demographic variable. Overall, high incomes, advanced degrees, and employment were most consistently associated with higher mattering across domains. In addition, individuals across demographic groups and domains were more likely to report adding value than feeling valued. Age, gender, ethnicity, and marital status correlations were found in certain domains. These results demonstrate the value of a multidimensional conception of mattering and provide initial insight into demographic differences in mattering in a United States, English-speaking sample.
Topics: Demography; Emotions; Humans; United States
PubMed: 34614237
DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22728 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2022This paper examines demographic differences in flourishing, defined as "complete well-being" and consisting of six domains: emotional health, physical health, purpose,...
This paper examines demographic differences in flourishing, defined as "complete well-being" and consisting of six domains: emotional health, physical health, purpose, character strengths, social connectedness, and financial security. Results are based on a random, cross-sectional sample of 2363 survey respondents drawn from employees of a large, national, self-insured employer based in the United States. We found that well-being across domains tends to increase with age, although there are some variations. Results are similar across most domains for men and women, although women score higher on character strengths, while men had higher scores on financial security. Racial and ethnic differences were striking. Black employees score higher than the reference group (White employees) on the emotional, purpose, and character strengths domains, but considerably lower on financial security. Hispanics also score lower on financial security (though not as low as Blacks), but higher than Whites on purpose, character strengths, and social connectedness. Asians reported higher well-being than Whites across all domains except purpose.
Topics: Asian People; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnicity; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Racial Groups; United States
PubMed: 36068553
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13769-7 -
Nutrients Oct 2019Increasing awareness of the impact of frailty on elderly people resulted in research focusing on factors that contribute to the development and persistence of frailty... (Review)
Review
Increasing awareness of the impact of frailty on elderly people resulted in research focusing on factors that contribute to the development and persistence of frailty including nutrition and physical activity. Most effort so far has been spent on understanding the association between protein intake and the physical domain of frailty. Far less is known for other domains of frailty: cognition, mood, social health and comorbidity. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we elaborate on the evidence currently known on the association between protein and exercise as well as the broader concept of frailty. Most, but not all, identified studies concluded that low protein intake is associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of physical frailty. Far less is known on the broader concept of frailty. The few studies that do look into this association find a clear beneficial effect of physical activity but no conclusions regarding protein intake can be made yet. Similar, for other important aspects of frailty including mood, cognition, and comorbidity, the number of studies are limited and results are inconclusive. Future studies need to focus on the relation between dietary protein and the broader concept of frailty and should also consider the protein source, amount and timing.
Topics: Affect; Aging; Cognition; Dietary Proteins; Exercise; Frailty; Health Status; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Recommended Dietary Allowances
PubMed: 31597289
DOI: 10.3390/nu11102399 -
BMC Pediatrics Jan 2018By 2020, the child population is projected to have more racial and ethnic minorities make up the majority of the populations and health care organizations will need to...
BACKGROUND
By 2020, the child population is projected to have more racial and ethnic minorities make up the majority of the populations and health care organizations will need to have a system in place that collects accurate and reliable demographic data in order to monitor disparities. The goals of this group were to establish sample practices, approaches and lessons learned with regard to race, ethnicity, language, and other demographic data collection in pediatric care setting.
METHODS
A panel of 16 research and clinical professional experts working in 10 pediatric care delivery systems in the US and Canada convened twice in person for 3-day consensus development meetings and met multiple times via conference calls over a two year period. Current evidence on adult demographic data collection was systematically reviewed and unique aspects of data collection in the pediatric setting were outlined. Human centered design methods were utilized to facilitate theme development, facilitate constructive and innovative discussion, and generate consensus.
RESULTS
Group consensus determined six final data collection domains: 1) caregivers, 2) race and ethnicity, 3) language, 4) sexual orientation and gender identity, 5) disability, and 6) social determinants of health. For each domain, the group defined the domain, established a rational for collection, identified the unique challenges for data collection in a pediatric setting, and developed sample practices which are based on the experience of the members as a starting point to allow for customization unique to each health care organization. Several unique challenges in the pediatric setting across all domains include: data collection on caregivers, determining an age at which it is appropriate to collect data from the patient, collecting and updating data at multiple points across the lifespan, the limits of the electronic health record, and determining the purpose of the data collection before implementation.
CONCLUSIONS
There is no single approach that will work for all organizations when collecting race, ethnicity, language and other social determinants of health data. Each organization will need to tailor their data collection based on the population they serve, the financial resources available, and the capacity of the electronic health record.
Topics: Canada; Data Collection; Disability Evaluation; Electronic Health Records; Ethnicity; Gender Identity; Health Equity; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Language; Minority Groups; Pediatrics; Racial Groups; Sexual Behavior; Social Determinants of Health; United States
PubMed: 29385988
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-0993-2 -
Transfusion Medicine Reviews Apr 2018Antigens of the Gerbich blood group system are expressed on glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD), minor sialoglycoproteins of human erythrocytes. GPC and GPD help... (Review)
Review
Antigens of the Gerbich blood group system are expressed on glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD), minor sialoglycoproteins of human erythrocytes. GPC and GPD help maintain erythrocyte shape of and contributes to the stability of its membrane. There are six high-prevalence Gerbich antigens: Ge2, Ge3, Ge4, GEPL (GE10), GEAT (GE11), GETI (GE12) and five low-prevalence Gerbich antigens: Wb (GE5), Ls (GE6), An (GE7), Dh (GE8), GEIS (GE9). Some Gerbich antigens (Ge4, Wb, Dh, GEAT) are expressed only on GPC, two (Ge2, An) are expressed only on GPD, while others (Ge3, Ls, GEIS, GEPL, GETI) are expressed on both GPC and GPD. Antibodies recognizing GPC/GPD may arise naturally (so-called "naturally-occurring RBC antibodies") or as the result of alloimmunization, and some of them may be clinically relevant. Gerbich antibodies usually do not cause serious hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR); autoantibodies of anti-Ge2- or anti-Ge3 specificity can cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Blood Group Antigens; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Glycophorins; Hemolysis; Humans; Ligands; Malaria; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Prevalence; Protein Domains
PubMed: 29540278
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2018.02.004 -
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... May 2023Inflammasomes are important components of the innate immune system. They are assembled by cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors and play a critical role in the... (Review)
Review
Inflammasomes are important components of the innate immune system. They are assembled by cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors and play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of various inflammatory diseases through regulating the release and activation of inflammatory cytokines and inducing cell prytosis. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been widely studied and has been shown to be closely associated with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Bone and joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis show high prevalence worldwide and can cause bone and cartilage damage, pain, and dysfunction, adversely affecting the patients' quality of life. The reported findings of some studies indicate that the pathogenesis of various bone and articular diseases is associated with NLRP3 inflammasome. Small molecule antagonists targeting NLRP3 inflammasome have shown considerable therapeutic potentials, but their clinical application still needs further exploration. Herein, we reviewed the composition and function of NLRP3 inflammasome and its association with bone and articular diseases.
Topics: Humans; Inflammasomes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; NLR Proteins; Pyrin Domain; Quality of Life; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37248605
DOI: 10.12182/20230560105 -
Population Studies Dec 2021advances research on fertility, mortality, family, migration, methods, policy, and beyond, yet it lacks a recent, rigorous review. We examine all papers published... (Review)
Review
advances research on fertility, mortality, family, migration, methods, policy, and beyond, yet it lacks a recent, rigorous review. We examine all papers published between 1947 and 2020 ( = 1,901) and their authors, using natural language processing, social network analysis, and mixed methods that combine unsupervised machine learning with qualitative coding. After providing a brief history, we map the evolution in authorship and papers towards shorter, multi-authored papers, also finding that females comprise 33.5 per cent of authorship across the period under study, with varied sex ratios across topics. Most papers examine fertility, mortality, and family, studying groups and change, but topics vary over time. Children are rarely studied, and research on women focuses on family planning, fertility decline, and unions, whereas key domains for research on men are migration, historical demography (war, famine), and employment. Research on Africa and Asia focuses on family planning, with work on fertility decline concentrated on North America and Europe, consistent with theories of demographic transition. Our resulting discussion identifies future directions for demographic research.
Topics: Birth Rate; Child; Demography; Developing Countries; Family Planning Services; Fertility; Humans; Mortality; Population Dynamics
PubMed: 34902285
DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1996624 -
Health Services Research Aug 2023To illustrate the association between the sociodemographic characteristics of hospital markets and the geographic patterns of Medicare hospital value-based purchasing...
OBJECTIVE
To illustrate the association between the sociodemographic characteristics of hospital markets and the geographic patterns of Medicare hospital value-based purchasing (HVBP) scores.
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING
This is a secondary analysis of United States hospitals with a HVBP Total Performance Score (TPS) for 2019 in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Compare database (4/2021 release) and American Community Survey (ACS) data for 2015-2019.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a cross-sectional study using spatial multivariable autoregressive models with HVBP TPS and component domain scores as dependent variables and hospital market demographics as the independent variables.
DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS
We calculated hospital market demographics using ZIP code level data from the ACS, weighted the 2019 CMS inpatient Hospital Service Area file.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Spatial autoregressive models using eight nearest neighbors with diversity index, race and ethnicity distribution, families in poverty, unemployment, and lack of health insurance among residents ages 19-64 years provided the best model fit. Diversity index had the highest statistically significant contribution to lower TPS (ß = -12.79, p < 0.0001), followed by the percent of the population coded to "non-Hispanic, some other race" (ß = -2.59, p < 0.0023), and the percent of families in poverty (ß = -0.26, p < 0.0001). Percent of the population was non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native (ß = 0.35, p < 0.0001) and percent non-Hispanic Asian (ß = 0.12, p < 0.02071) were associated with higher TPS. Lower predicted TPS was observed in large urban cities throughout the US as well as in states throughout the Southeastern US. Similar geographic patterns were observed for the predicted Patient Safety, Person and Community Engagement, and Efficiency and Cost Reduction domain scores but are not for predicted Clinical Outcomes scores.
CONCLUSIONS
The lower predicted scores seen in cities and in the Southeastern region potentially reflect an inherent-that is, structural-association between market sociodemographics and HVBP scores.
Topics: Aged; Humans; United States; Value-Based Purchasing; Cross-Sectional Studies; Medicare; Hospitals; Demography; Geography
PubMed: 36755373
DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14141 -
Nature Genetics Nov 2004What is the relationship between the patterns of biological and sociocultural variation in extant humans? Is this relationship accurately described, or best explained,...
What is the relationship between the patterns of biological and sociocultural variation in extant humans? Is this relationship accurately described, or best explained, by the term 'race' and the schema of 'racial' classification? What is the relationship between 'race', genetics and the demographic groups of society? Can extant humans be categorized into units that can scientifically be called 'races'? These questions underlie the discussions that address the explanations for the observed differences in many domains between named demographic groups across societies. These domains include disease incidence and prevalence and other variables studied by biologists and social scientists. Here, we offer a perspective on understanding human variation by exploring the meaning and use of the term 'race' and its relationship to a range of data. The quest is for a more useful approach with which to understand human biological variation, one that may provide better research designs and inform public policy.
Topics: Demography; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genome, Human; Humans; Racial Groups; Research
PubMed: 15507998
DOI: 10.1038/ng1455 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Oct 2022Drk, a Drosophila homologue of human GRB2, interacts with Sevenless (Sev) receptor via its SH2 domain, while the N- and C-terminal SH3 domains (Drk-NSH3 and Drk-CSH3,...
Drk, a Drosophila homologue of human GRB2, interacts with Sevenless (Sev) receptor via its SH2 domain, while the N- and C-terminal SH3 domains (Drk-NSH3 and Drk-CSH3, respectively) are responsible for the interaction with proline-rich motifs (PRMs) of Son of sevenless (Sos) or Daughter of Sevenless (Dos). Drk-NSH3 on its own has a conformational equilibrium between folded and unfolded states, and the folded state is stabilised by the association with a Sos-derived proline-rich peptide with PxxPxR motif. In contrast, Drk-CSH3 is supposed to bind PxxxRxxKP motifs in Dos. Aiming at clarifying the structural and functional differences between the two SH3 domains, we performed NMR studies of Drk-CSH3. The resulting solution structure and the N-relaxation data showed that Drk-CSH3 consists of a stable domain. Large chemical shift perturbation was commonly found around the RT loop and the hydrophobic patch, while there were also changes that occur characteristically for Sos- or Dos-derived peptides. Sos-derived two peptides with PxxPxR motif showed stronger affinity to Drk-CSH3, indicating that the Sos PRMs can bind both N- and C-SH3 domains. Dos-derived two peptides could also bind Drk-CSH3, but with much weaker affinity, suggesting a possibility that any cooperative binding of Dos-PRMs may strengthen the Drk-Dos interaction. The NMR studies as well as the docking simulations provide valuable insights into the biological and biophysical functions of two SH3 domains in Drk.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Drosophila; GRB2 Adaptor Protein; Humans; Nuclear Family; Peptides; Proline; Protein Binding; Son of Sevenless Proteins; src Homology Domains
PubMed: 35952612
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.007