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The Lancet. Planetary Health Oct 2020
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Communication; Denial, Psychological; Economic Development; Extinction, Biological; Humans; Politics; Science
PubMed: 33038313
DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30229-1 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jul 2020We review the evidence base for men who categorically deny responsibility for their sexual crimes. Specifically, we consider the characteristics of these individuals and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We review the evidence base for men who categorically deny responsibility for their sexual crimes. Specifically, we consider the characteristics of these individuals and the purpose or function of the denial, whether denial leads to an increased risk of reoffending and the evidence for different treatment options available for deniers.
RECENT FINDINGS
Whilst there is some evidence that deniers differ from admitters, it appears that categorical denial is a strategy used to reduce negative consequences such as a sense of shame or the fear of losing family support. The common assumption that deniers are more likely to commit further sexual crimes is not supported by the evidence to date. There remains a lack of evidence as to the best treatment approach to use. We conclude that more research is necessary. We suggest that a lack of consideration of the function of denial or the adaptive benefits of denial could explain inconsistent findings in relation to the characteristics of deniers and why denial does not appear related to recidivism. Whilst the available evidence does not support most approaches aimed at overcoming denial, we suggest that some of the most promising approaches seem to be non-disclosure-based focusing on reducing stigma; however, it is conceded that the evidence for such approaches is still emerging.
Topics: Denial, Psychological; Humans; Male; Sex Offenses; Sexual Behavior; Social Stigma
PubMed: 32700036
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01174-z -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... May 2018
Topics: Aged; Attitude to Death; Denial, Psychological; Family; Humans; Male; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 29470141
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2017.77.3275 -
International Journal of Clinical... Mar 2006
Topics: Alcoholism; Denial, Psychological; Health Care Reform; Professional Practice; State Medicine; United Kingdom
PubMed: 16494637
DOI: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2006.0884a.x -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 2019
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Critical Illness; Denial, Psychological; Father-Child Relations; Female; Grief; Humans; Male; Prognosis
PubMed: 30625056
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1810685 -
Cancer Investigation 1999Denial is a basic mechanism for coping with stressful themes, common in healthy and sick individuals. This article deals with the role and functions of denial in cancer,... (Review)
Review
Denial is a basic mechanism for coping with stressful themes, common in healthy and sick individuals. This article deals with the role and functions of denial in cancer, reviewing empirical studies about the effects of denial on cancer prevention, screening, undergoing tests for early detection, delay in seeking medical attention and getting treatment, complying with medical instructions, and coping with the disease in different stages. Special sections are devoted to the possible role of denial as a risk factor for cancer, the effects of denial on disease course and survival, and the relation of denial to immunocompetence. Major conclusions are that denial may have a positive effect when applied in the first phase of coping, after diagnosis, because it reduces anxiety. This holds also for the terminal stage. The negative effects of denial are that it may interfere with getting treatment (e.g., delay in going to the doctor, not showing up for follow-ups, noncompliance), may disrupt the process of assimilating the stressful event, may affect adversely interpersonal relations, and constitutes a cumulative stressor depressing even immunocompetence. The use of denial varies with the severity of the situation, the patient's personality, and his or her familial and cultural background. A large body of research examined the hypothesis that a tendency toward denial could be one of the risk factors for cancer. Despite evidence supporting the occurrence of denial as a correlate of cancer, a lot of research is necessary to clarify the role of denial in general and of anger specifically as a factor affecting the occurrence of cancer and the course of disease and survival.
Topics: Denial, Psychological; Humans; Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 10518196
DOI: 10.3109/07357909909032861 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Dec 1997Denial is a concept often encountered in literature describing patients' psychological responses to physical illness. Definitions and theories of denial have drawn on... (Review)
Review
Denial is a concept often encountered in literature describing patients' psychological responses to physical illness. Definitions and theories of denial have drawn on clinical, cognitive, psychodynamic, organic, and interpersonal frameworks. Denial is related to other concepts such as lack of insight, self-deception, and anosognosia. Empirical studies have yielded mixed results with regard to the adaptive properties of denial. These results require interpretation in the light of: (1) the definitional complexities of denial; (2) the diversity of methods used for its assessment; and (3) the choice of different clinical samples and heterogeneous outcome measures. The clinical management of maladaptive denial poses a challenging problem which requires consideration of factors pertaining to the patient, the illness, the treating clinician, as well as the patient's social environment. To achieve further clarification of the role of denial in physical illness, future research would benefit from clearer definitions and more refined, consistent methods of assessment. A number of recommendations are outlined.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Denial, Psychological; Disease; Humans
PubMed: 9430071
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00168-2 -
The American Journal of Medicine Sep 1980
Topics: Denial, Psychological; Diagnostic Errors; Humans
PubMed: 7416181
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90001-7 -
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2023Illness denial pertains to medical patients who do not acknowledge the presence or severity of their disease or the need of treatment. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Illness denial pertains to medical patients who do not acknowledge the presence or severity of their disease or the need of treatment.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review was performed to clarify the clinical role and manifestations of illness denial, its impact on health attitudes and behavior, as well as on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with medical disorders.
METHODS
The systematic search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
RESULTS
The initial search yielded a total of 14,098 articles; 176 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Illness denial appeared to be a relatively common condition affecting a wide spectrum of health attitudes and behavior. In some cases, it may help a person cope with various stages of illness and treatment. In other situations, it may determine delay in seeking treatment, impaired adherence, and reduced self-management, leading to adverse outcomes. The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) were found to set a useful severity threshold for the condition. An important clinical distinction can also be made based on the DCPR for illness denial, which require the assessment of whether the patient has been provided with an adequate appraisal of the medical situation.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review indicates that patients with medical disorders experience and express illness denial in many forms and with varying degrees of severity. The findings suggest the need for a multidimensional assessment and provide challenging insights into the management of medical disorders.
Topics: Humans; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Denial, Psychological
PubMed: 37429268
DOI: 10.1159/000531260 -
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing Dec 1999The term denial is used in nursing to describe a client's behavior. A random sample of 18 articles published in English from 1990 to 1999 was identified for conceptual... (Review)
Review
The term denial is used in nursing to describe a client's behavior. A random sample of 18 articles published in English from 1990 to 1999 was identified for conceptual analysis using Rogers' methodology. The 2 main definitions identified ranged from an adaptive to maladaptive coping process. Anxiety or perceived threats evolving from situational or maturational crises were antecedents. Events that followed typically resulted in either positive or negative outcomes. Related concepts used most often were avoidance, unrealistic hopefulness, and repression.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Anxiety; Denial, Psychological; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Psychiatric Nursing; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 10618829
DOI: 10.1016/s0883-9417(99)80063-6