-
Stomatologiia 1984
Review
Topics: Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium
PubMed: 6379999
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Sep 2016Researchers agree that domesticated plants were introduced into southeast Europe from southwest Asia as a part of a Neolithic "package," which included domesticated...
Researchers agree that domesticated plants were introduced into southeast Europe from southwest Asia as a part of a Neolithic "package," which included domesticated animals and artifacts typical of farming communities. It is commonly believed that this package reached inland areas of the Balkans by ∼6200 calibrated (cal.) BC or later. Our analysis of the starch record entrapped in dental calculus of Mesolithic human teeth at the site of Vlasac in the Danube Gorges of the central Balkans provides direct evidence that already by ∼6600 cal. BC, if not earlier, Late Mesolithic foragers of this region consumed domestic cereals, such as Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum, and Hordeum distichon, which were also the main crops found among Early Neolithic communities of southeast Europe. We infer that "exotic" Neolithic domesticated plants were introduced to southern Europe independently almost half a millennium earlier than previously thought, through networks that enabled exchanges between inland Mesolithic foragers and early farming groups found along the Aegean coast of Turkey.
Topics: Agriculture; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Balkan Peninsula; Crops, Agricultural; Dental Calculus; Domestication; History, Ancient; Humans; Starch; Tooth; Triticum; Turkey
PubMed: 27573829
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603477113 -
American Journal of Physical... Mar 2019Dental calculus is among the richest known sources of ancient DNA in the archaeological record. Although most DNA within calculus is microbial, it has been shown to...
OBJECTIVES
Dental calculus is among the richest known sources of ancient DNA in the archaeological record. Although most DNA within calculus is microbial, it has been shown to contain sufficient human DNA for the targeted retrieval of whole mitochondrial genomes. Here, we explore whether calculus is also a viable substrate for whole human genome recovery using targeted enrichment techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Total DNA extracted from 24 paired archaeological human dentin and calculus samples was subjected to whole human genome enrichment using in-solution hybridization capture and high-throughput sequencing.
RESULTS
Total DNA from calculus exceeded that of dentin in all cases, and although the proportion of human DNA was generally lower in calculus, the absolute human DNA content of calculus and dentin was not significantly different. Whole genome enrichment resulted in up to four-fold enrichment of the human endogenous DNA content for both dentin and dental calculus libraries, albeit with some loss in complexity. Recovering more on-target reads for the same sequencing effort generally improved the quality of downstream analyses, such as sex and ancestry estimation. For nonhuman DNA, comparison of phylum-level microbial community structure revealed few differences between precapture and postcapture libraries, indicating that off-target sequences in human genome-enriched calculus libraries may still be useful for oral microbiome reconstruction.
DISCUSSION
While ancient human dental calculus does contain endogenous human DNA sequences, their relative proportion is low when compared with other skeletal tissues. Whole genome enrichment can help increase the proportion of recovered human reads, but in this instance enrichment efficiency was relatively low when compared with other forms of capture. We conclude that further optimization is necessary before the method can be routinely applied to archaeological samples.
Topics: Archaeology; DNA, Ancient; Dental Calculus; Dentin; Female; Genome, Human; Genomics; Humans; Male; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 30586168
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23763 -
Advances in Dental Research Jul 1994The formation, development, and dissolution of hard deposits such as calculus are complex processes that involve numerous calcium phosphate phases as well as the... (Review)
Review
The formation, development, and dissolution of hard deposits such as calculus are complex processes that involve numerous calcium phosphate phases as well as the interaction of these ions with organic molecules. Although formation is determined by thermodynamic driving forces, kinetic factors are also important determinants for the precipitation of specific calcium phosphate phases. The overall process, therefore, may involve the formation of metastable intermediates which may subsequently transform into the more stable hard deposits observed in vivo. A knowledge of the kinetics of growth of both individual calcium phosphate phases and their mixtures is important for elucidating the mechanism of calculus formation. Although salivary proteins are effective inhibitors of the mineralization reactions that take place in dental plaque, once adsorbed, their conformation may change to present surfaces that catalyze the nucleation of mineral phases. The variable pH conditions in plaque, expressed in terms of free ionic concentrations, will markedly alter the supersaturations with respect to typical calcium phosphate precursor phases such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP). Physical-chemical studies have shown that the mineralization of all the calcium phosphate phases is controlled by reactions at the surface rather than by diffusion of lattice ions through the contacting liquid phase. This makes the rates of reaction very sensitive to ions and molecules in the solution that may absorb at the active growth sites and, while not significantly incorporating into the precipitated crystal phases, markedly influences the rates of mineralization and demineralization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Calcium Phosphates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Durapatite; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Solubility; Surface Properties
PubMed: 7865091
DOI: 10.1177/08959374940080022601 -
Journal of Dental Hygiene : JDH Feb 2023The purpose of this follow-up proof-of-concept study was to determine the efficacy of a revised calculus disruption solution in facilitating the removal of both... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of this follow-up proof-of-concept study was to determine the efficacy of a revised calculus disruption solution in facilitating the removal of both supragingival and subgingival calculus in-vivo, as measured by time, difficulty, and pressure required to remove supragingival and subgingival calculus. Patients from a dental school in Minnesota were recruited to participate in a randomized, split-mouth, cross sectional proof-of-concept study comparing time, difficulty and pressure used with hand instrumentation alone compared to the use of a calculus disruption solution and hand instrumentation. Quadrants were randomized to either treatment or control group. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the amount of time used. A paired Student's t-test was used to analyze the primary outcome ( = 0.05). Post-treatment questionnaires were completed by the investigator and participants to score the perceived difficulty and pressure required to remove calculus. Thirty participants completed the study. An average of 3.1 minutes less time was needed to remove supra and subgingival calculus in the treatment quadrants although this was not statistically significant (=0.5757). The secondary outcomes, the investigator and participants' perceived difficulty and pressure used for calculus removal showed either no difference, or slight improvements in the treatment quadrants. Overall, the product was well tolerated by participants. Quadrants treated with a calculus disruption solution, required slightly less time than control quadrants for calculus removal with hand instruments although the difference was not statistically significant. Reformulation to increase the viscosity of the solution may improve efficacy. Future studies should include a larger sample size, using multiple operators, and a double-blind study design.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Calculus; Follow-Up Studies; Hand
PubMed: 36854573
DOI: No ID Found -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Nov 2020Human microbiome studies are increasingly incorporating macroecological approaches, such as community assembly, network analysis and functional redundancy to more fully...
Human microbiome studies are increasingly incorporating macroecological approaches, such as community assembly, network analysis and functional redundancy to more fully characterize the microbiome. Such analyses have not been applied to ancient human microbiomes, preventing insights into human microbiome evolution. We address this issue by analysing published ancient microbiome datasets: coprolites from Rio Zape ( = 7; 700 CE Mexico) and historic dental calculus ( = 44; 1770-1855 CE, UK), as well as two novel dental calculus datasets: Maya ( = 7; 170 BCE-885 CE, Belize) and Nuragic Sardinians ( = 11; 1400-850 BCE, Italy). Periodontitis-associated bacteria (, and ) were identified as keystone taxa in the dental calculus datasets. Coprolite keystone taxa included known short-chain fatty acid producers () and potentially disease-associated bacteria (, . Overlap in ecological profiles between ancient and modern microbiomes was indicated by similarity in functional response diversity profiles between contemporary hunter-gatherers and ancient coprolites, as well as parallels between ancient Maya, historic UK, and modern Spanish dental calculus; however, the ancient Nuragic dental calculus shows a distinct ecological structure. We detected key ecological signatures from ancient microbiome data, paving the way to expand understanding of human microbiome evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.
Topics: Archaeology; Bacteria; Belize; DNA, Ancient; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Calculus; Feces; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Italy; Mexico; Microbiota
PubMed: 33012230
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0586 -
Journal of Periodontology Jan 1990
Topics: Animals; Dental Calculus; Dental Prophylaxis; Dental Scaling; Dogs; Epithelial Attachment; Humans; Periodontitis; Philosophy, Dental; Tooth Root
PubMed: 2179515
DOI: 10.1902/jop.1990.61.1.65 -
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi. the Journal of... Mar 1970
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Enzyme Therapy; Food; Humans; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 4916041
DOI: 10.5357/koubyou.37.1 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Oct 2004Correct diagnosis of the presence and extent of subgingival calculus is important for periodontal treatment planning and reassessment after periodontal therapy....
BACKGROUND
Correct diagnosis of the presence and extent of subgingival calculus is important for periodontal treatment planning and reassessment after periodontal therapy. Traditional tactile methods often lack sensitivity. The present investigation shall contribute to understanding the fundamental fluorescence properties that may be useful for optical detection of both supra- and subgingival calculus.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate emission spectra from supra- and subgingival calculus under a wide range of excitation wavelengths.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Extracted human molars with either supragingival or subgingival calculus deposits on the root surface were selected (n = 3 each). Emission spectra were recorded from the calculus of each tooth and corresponding areas of clean root surfaces using a fluorescence spectrophotometer at excitation wavelengths from 360 nm up to 580 nm in steps of 20 nm. The spectra were corrected for the wavelength dependent instrument sensitivity and normalized to peak intensity (the highest peak was set at 1.0). Emission spectra of calculus exhibited distinct fluorescence bands between 570 and 730 nm not present in clean root surfaces. This fluorescence emission was strongest for excitation wavelengths from 400 to 420 nm. No differences were observed between supra- and subgingival calculus.
CONCLUSIONS
Human dental calculus can clearly be differentiated from clean root surfaces by emission spectrophotometry. The characteristic fluorescence emission of supra- and subgingival calculus may be due to a variety of porphyrin derivatives and may provide the basis for future diagnostic procedures.
Topics: Dental Calculus; Humans; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tooth Root
PubMed: 15324354
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00747.x -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2020While hand and ultrasonic scalers are the primary tools used for the removal of dental calculus in periodontal treatment, many studies have shown that they also damage...
BACKGROUND
While hand and ultrasonic scalers are the primary tools used for the removal of dental calculus in periodontal treatment, many studies have shown that they also damage the enamel surface. We have developed a novel actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) system, which has the ability to selectively remove materials depending on their stiffness. Considering the different material properties between teeth and dental calculus, it might be possible to develop the ADPJ to remove dental calculus without damage to the tooth's enamel surface using a suitable jet pressure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the ADPJ in removing dental calculus, and the surface features of the teeth after its use.
METHODS
A total of 93 artificial teeth coated with artificial dental calculus were examined in this study. The weights of 90 teeth were measured before and after the use of ADPJ, which had an applied voltage setting of 150, 200, or 240 V. The three remaining teeth were instrumented with a conventional hand scaler, ultrasonic scaler, or ADPJ (set at 240 V). Damage to the artificial tooth surfaces was evaluated using 5% Evans blue dye under an optical microscope. Furthermore, apatite pellets, which are utilized as experimental substitutes for natural teeth, were assessed after the use of ADPJ and both conventional scalers.
RESULTS
The ADPJ significantly reduced the amount of artificial calculus, and the removal rate was dependent on the applied voltage. No damage was observed on the surface of the artificial tooth and apatite pellet following the use of ADPJ, in contrast to the conventional scalers.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study demonstrate the in vitro effectiveness of ADPJ in the removal of dental calculus, without causing damage to tooth surfaces.
Topics: Dental Calculus; Dental Scaling; Humans; Microscopy; Tooth Root; Ultrasonic Therapy; Water
PubMed: 32660453
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01190-8