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British Dental Journal Jul 1995The presence of bacterial deposits on teeth has been observed since the birth of microbiology but it has taken over 300 years to understand which elements of the various... (Review)
Review
The presence of bacterial deposits on teeth has been observed since the birth of microbiology but it has taken over 300 years to understand which elements of the various hard and soft dental deposits must be removed in order to arrest the destructive processes caused by the periodontal diseases. This article reviews the current state of knowledge regarding non-surgical periodontal therapy, including adjuncts such as mouthrinses and antibacterials and considers when other treatment modalities would be beneficial for the patient.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Appointments and Schedules; Dental Deposits; Dental Plaque; Dental Scaling; Endotoxins; Humans; Mouthwashes; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Periodontal Diseases; Root Planing; Ultrasonic Therapy
PubMed: 7626334
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808811 -
British Dental Journal May 2010Since August 2009, members of the Primary Care Dentistry Research Forum (http://www.dentistryresearch.org) have taken part in an online vote to identify questions in... (Review)
Review
Since August 2009, members of the Primary Care Dentistry Research Forum (http://www.dentistryresearch.org) have taken part in an online vote to identify questions in day-to-day practice that they felt most needed to be answered with conclusive research. The question which received the most votes formed the subject of a critical appraisal of the relevant literature. Each month a new round of voting takes place to decide which further questions will be reviewed. Dental practitioners and dental care professionals are encouraged to take part in the voting and submit their own questions to be included in the vote by joining the website.This paper details a summary of the findings of the sixth critical appraisal. In conclusion, the critical appraisal identified a high quality systematic review carried out in 2007 relating to routine scaling. Since the Cochrane Review of 2007, we could find no new randomised controlled trials to assess the beneficial and sustained effects of routine scaling and polishing.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Dental Deposits; Dental Scaling; Evidence-Based Dentistry; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; United Kingdom; Unnecessary Procedures
PubMed: 20489772
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.451 -
Journal of the American Dental... Apr 1997The literature on the methods of removing dental stain and whitening teeth is extensive. By comparison, little has been published on the chemical mechanisms that cause... (Review)
Review
The literature on the methods of removing dental stain and whitening teeth is extensive. By comparison, little has been published on the chemical mechanisms that cause dental discolorations. This article proposes a classification for extrinsic dental stain and describes the chemical mechanisms involved in causing tooth discolorations. It also discusses the current theories of the chemistry of stain removal processes.
Topics: Dental Deposits; Humans; Ion Exchange; Pigments, Biological; Protein Binding; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Tooth Discoloration
PubMed: 9120149
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0428 -
Journal of Periodontology Mar 1976Classification by origin and structure of the many different coatings which occur on the surfaces of teeth and artificial surfaces exposed to the oral environment... (Review)
Review
Classification by origin and structure of the many different coatings which occur on the surfaces of teeth and artificial surfaces exposed to the oral environment necessitate a revision of the terminology used to describe these coatings. Numerous gaps still exist in our understanding of the origin, morphological structure and chemical composition of many of these structures, notably the ones in the "acquired" category. The proposed classification of surface coatings, although not definitive, may provide a more accurate categorization of these structures in the light of contemporary knowledge.
Topics: Dental Cementum; Dental Deposits; Dental Enamel; Dental Plaque; Humans; Saliva; Terminology as Topic; Tooth Discoloration
PubMed: 768440
DOI: 10.1902/jop.1976.47.3.139 -
The Journal of Nutrition Dec 1998Periodontal disease is the most common oral condition seen in domestic pets. In addition to the discomfort caused in the affected animal, there is strong circumstantial... (Review)
Review
Periodontal disease is the most common oral condition seen in domestic pets. In addition to the discomfort caused in the affected animal, there is strong circumstantial evidence to show that a focus of infection in the mouth may cause disease of distant organs. Consequently, prevention of periodontal disease is of paramount importance for the general health and well-being of pets. The presence of plaque on the tooth surfaces is the primary cause of periodontal disease. However, the mechanisms by which disease develops are by no means fully understood. Dietary texture does have an effect on the accumulation of dental deposits and consequently on disease development and progression. Daily toothbrushing remains the single most effective means of removing plaque, thus preventing periodontal disease. On the basis of current knowledge, the best way to maintain healthy periodontal tissues in our pets is frequent toothbrushing. The use of a dental hygiene chew and/or a diet designed to reduce dental deposits can be useful adjunctive measures and should be recommended.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Dental Plaque; Periodontal Diseases; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 9868248
DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.12.2712S -
Compendium of Continuing Education in... 2000Dental stains can be broadly classified as intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic stains are a result of defects in tooth development, fluorosis, or acquired through the use... (Review)
Review
Dental stains can be broadly classified as intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic stains are a result of defects in tooth development, fluorosis, or acquired through the use of tetracycline. Extrinsic stains are localized mainly in the pellicle and are generated by the reaction between sugars and amino acids or acquired from the retention of exogenous chromophores in the pellicle. Three clinical methods are currently used for measuring stain removal and tooth whitening in the development of new whitening technologies: Lobene Stain Index, Shade Guide Color Change, and Minolta ChromaMeter. Professional tooth whitening products rely on proven technologies--35% hydrogen peroxide for in-office power bleaching or 10% to 15% carbamide peroxide for at-home bleaching--to reduce intrinsic stain and change the inherent tooth color. Over-the-counter tooth whitening products use a combination of surfactants, abrasives, anticalculus agents, and low levels of hydrogen peroxide to reduce extrinsic stain and help maintain tooth whiteness after professional treatment. Future technologies for whitening teeth could involve the use of activating agents to enhance the performance of hydrogen peroxide and natural enzymes.
Topics: Color; Dental Deposits; Dental Pellicle; Dentifrices; Diphosphates; Fluorides; Food; Gluconates; Humans; Maillard Reaction; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Oxidants; Peroxides; Surface-Active Agents; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration
PubMed: 11908346
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Dental Research 1972
Topics: Animals; Dental Deposits; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Female; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Urea
PubMed: 4508970
DOI: 10.1177/00220345720510061801 -
Stomatologiia 2023There is an increased prevalence of respiratory infections among dentists, which is associated with a heavily polluted breathing area in the dental office. Patients and...
UNLABELLED
There is an increased prevalence of respiratory infections among dentists, which is associated with a heavily polluted breathing area in the dental office. Patients and dentists are at high risk of cross-infection due to the spread of aerosols in the form of droplets suspended in the air. The ultrasonic scaler is the largest source of aerosols and spatter in the dental office. Aerosols remain in the air for a long time even after the completion of a dental procedure and have a potential risk of inhalation.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
To evaluate the spatial distribution of aerosols and splashes during a dental appointment during ultrasonic dental treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was conducted on a mannequin equipped with phantom jaws, where dental plaque removal was simulated using an ultrasonic scaler filled with fluorescein. The amount of contamination was measured using a transparent grid with a square marking of 1 cm. The grid was placed on top of a disk of filter paper and the area of contamination was measured by counting the number of soiled squares. If a square had at least 1 yellow area, then it was considered polluted.
RESULTS
Aerosols and splashes were distributed up to 60 cm from the head restraint. Aerosols can spread over more than 1 m.
CONCLUSIONS
The study showed the spread of aerosols and splashes during dental appointments. The risk of infection can be minimized by following simple protective measures.
Topics: Humans; Ultrasonics; Aerosols; Dental Deposits; Dental Scaling
PubMed: 38096390
DOI: 10.17116/stomat202310206221 -
Dental Update May 2015Halitosis is an unpleasant condition that may be the origin of concern not only for a possible health condition but also for frequent psychological alterations which may...
Halitosis is an unpleasant condition that may be the origin of concern not only for a possible health condition but also for frequent psychological alterations which may lead to social and personal isolation. The most frequent sources of halitosis that exist in the oral cavity include bacterial reservoirs such as the dorsum of the tongue, saliva and periodontal pockets. Volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) are the prominent elements of oral malodour. Genuine halitosis and pseudo-halitosis should be in the treatment realm of dental practitioners. Clinical Relevance: Halitosis can be a symptom of underlying systemic disease, therefore the exact diagnosis and its source (oral or non-oral) is important in the proper approach to its management.
Topics: Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide; Chromatography, Gas; Dental Deposits; Gingivitis; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Halitosis; Humans; Oral Hygiene; Periodontitis; Probiotics; Sulfur Compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 26062259
DOI: 10.12968/denu.2015.42.4.346 -
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Sep 1998A study was undertaken to determine the clinical efficacy of a chew designed to improve dental hygiene in the cat. The accumulation of dental deposits (plaque and...
A study was undertaken to determine the clinical efficacy of a chew designed to improve dental hygiene in the cat. The accumulation of dental deposits (plaque and calculus) and the effect on gingival inflammation were assessed in 15 client-owned cats while on two different regimens. In the first leg of the study, the cats were fed a nutritionally complete dry diet supplemented with one dental hygiene chew. In the second leg of the study, the same cats were fed only the nutritionally complete diet. This study demonstrated that the daily addition of the chew to the dry diet resulted in significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation on tooth surfaces. It was our experience that daily feeding of the chew helped maintain dental hygiene in cats; however, regular professional therapy is still indicated.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cross-Over Studies; Dental Deposits; Gingivitis; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 10597159
DOI: 10.1177/089875649801500304